Correlation between climate data and land altitude for Fasciola hepatica infection in cattle in Santa Catarina, Brazil

Correlação entre clima e altitude para determinar a infecção de Fasciola hepatica em bovinos em Santa Catarina, Brasil

Abstract

Fascioliasis is a food-borne parasitic disease that affects a range of animals, including humans caused by Fasciola hepatica. The present study aimed to determine the spatial distribution of bovine fasciolosis and to assess the correlation between the high Positivity Index (PI) and climate data and land altitude, from 2004 to 2008 and 2010 in Santa Catarina (SC), Brazil. Condemned livers of slaughtered animals were obtained from 198 out of 293 municipalities and from 518.635 animals, exclusively from SC. There was a statistically significant difference (P < 0.001) between the prevalence of F. hepatica and land altitude (${\widehat{\rho }}_s$ = -0.43). The highest PI (above 10.1%) was observed in cities at 500 to 600 m (P < 0.01; ${\widehat{\rho }}_s$ = -0.47) of altitude. There was no correlation between fascioliasis and rainfall in SC. It was determined that weather conditions in the past decade did not impose any limitation to the occurrence of the parasite, making it a disease of permanent clinical importance. These findings are essential to regions with similar geographical and climate conditions (i.e. altitude), when considering long-term control measurements, where animals and humans can be infected.

Keywords:
Fascioliasis; ruminants; epidemiology; land altitude; precipitation