USA |
|
|
|
|
|
|
CA, FL, MO, MT |
IFAT |
NH |
|
23/208 |
11 (7, 15) |
(Vardeleon et al., 2001Vardeleon D, Marsh AE, Thorne JG, Loch W, Young R, Johnson PJ. Prevalence of Neospora hughesi and Sarcocystis neurona antibodies in horses from various geographical locations. Vet Parasitol 2001; 95(2-4): 273-282. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0304-4017(00)00393-9. PMid:11223207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0304-4017(00)...
) |
Alabama |
IFAT |
NH |
|
59/536 |
11 (8, 17) |
(Cheadle et al., 1999Cheadle MA, Lindsay DS, Rowe S, Dykstra CC, Williams MA, Spencer JA, et al. Prevalence of antibodies to Neospora sp. in horses from Alabama and characterisation of an isolate recovered from a naturally infected horse. Int J Parasitol 1999; 29(10): 1537-1543. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0020-7519(99)00140-X. PMid:10608440. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0020-7519(99)...
) |
Central Wyoming |
NAT |
|
NC |
86/276 |
31.1 (26, 37) |
(Dubey et al., 2003Dubey JP, Mitchell SM, Morrow JK, Rhyan JC, Stewart LM, Granstrom DE, et al. Prevalence of antibodies to Neospora caninum, Sarcocystis neurona, and Toxoplasma gondii in wild horses from central Wyoming. J Parasitol 2003; 89(4): 716-720. http://dx.doi.org/10.1645/GE-66R. PMid:14533680. http://dx.doi.org/10.1645/GE-66R...
) |
South America |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Brazil, several states |
ELISA |
NH
|
|
24/961 |
2.5 (1.7, 3.7) |
(Hoane et al., 2006Hoane JS, Gennari SM, Dubey JP, Ribeiro MG, Borges AS, Yai LE, et al. Prevalence of Sarcocystis neurona and Neospora spp. infection in horses from Brazil based on presence of serum antibodies to parasite surface antigen. Vet Parasitol 2006; 136(2): 155-159. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vetpar.2005.10.023. PMid:16310955. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vetpar.2005....
) |
Brazil, Sao Paulo |
IFAT |
|
NC |
107/1106 |
10.3 (8.1, 11.6) |
(Villalobos et al., 2006Villalobos EM, Ueno TE, Souza SL, Cunha EM, Hunold Lara MCCS, Gennari SM, et al. Association between the presence of serum antibodies against Neospora spp. and fetal loss in equines. Vet Parasitol 2006; 142(3-4): 372-375. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vetpar.2006.07.016. PMid:16962708. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vetpar.2006....
) |
Brazil, Parana State |
IFAT |
|
NC |
17/36 |
47 (32.0, 63.0) |
(Locatelli-Dittrich et al., 2006Locatelli-Dittrich R, Dittrich JR, Richartz RR, Gasino Joineau ME, Antunes J, Pinckney RD, et al. Investigation of Neospora sp. and Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in mares and in precolostral foals from Parana State, Southern Brazil. Vet Parasitol 2006; 135(3-4): 215-221. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vetpar.2005.10.010. PMid:16289863. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vetpar.2005....
) |
Brazil |
IFAT |
NC |
NC |
84/174 |
(40.68.50–55.93) |
(Cazarotto et al., 2016Cazarotto CJ, Balzan A, Grosskopf RK, Boito JP, Portella LP, Vogel FF, et al. Horses seropositive for Toxoplasma gondii, Sarcocystis spp. and Neospora spp.: possible risk factors for infection in Brazil. Microb Pathog 2016; 99: 30-35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.micpath.2016.07.016. PMid:27475033. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.micpath.2016...
) |
Mexico |
ELISA |
NH* |
|
15/495 |
|
(Yeargan et al., 2013Yeargan MR, Alvarado-Esquivel C, Dubey JP, Howe DK. Prevalence of antibodies to Sarcocystis neurona and Neospora hughesi in horses from Mexico. Parasite 2013; 20: 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/parasite/2013029. PMid:24016396. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/parasite/20130...
) |
Argentina |
NAT |
|
NC |
76 |
0 (0.0, 4.1) |
(DUBEY et al., 1999bDubey JP, Venturini MC, Venturini L, McKinney J, Pecoraro M. Prevalence of antibodies to Sarcocystis neurona, Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum in horses from Argentina. Vet Parasitol 1999b; 86(1): 59-62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0304-4017(99)00127-2. PMid:10489203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0304-4017(99)...
) |
Europe |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Sweden |
ELISA |
NH
|
|
39/414 |
9 (7, 12) |
(Jakubek et al., 2006Jakubek EB, Lunden A, Uggla A. Seroprevalences of Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora sp. infections in Swedish horses. Vet Parasitol 2006; 138(3-4): 194-199. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vetpar.2006.02.002. PMid:16517077. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vetpar.2006....
) |
France |
NAT |
|
NC |
100/434 |
23 (19, 27) |
(Pitel et al., 2001Pitel PH, Pronost S, Romand S, Thulliez P, Fortier G, Ballet JJ. Prevalence of antibodies to Neospora caninum in horses in France. Equine Vet J 2001; 33(2): 205-207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-3306.2001.tb00602.x. PMid:11266072. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-3306.20...
) |
Italy |
IFAT |
|
NC |
42/150 |
28 (21, 35) |
(Ciaramella et al., 2004Ciaramella P, Corona M, Cortese L, Piantedosi D, Santoro D, Di Loria A, et al. Seroprevalence of Neospora spp. in asymptomatic horses in Italy. Vet Parasitol 2004; 123(1-2): 11-15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vetpar.2004.05.022. PMid:15265566. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vetpar.2004....
) |
Middle East |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Turkey |
ELISA |
|
NC |
7/75 |
9 (3, 16) |
(Vural et al., 2006Vural G, Aksoy E, Bozkir M, Kuçukayan U, Erturk A. Seroprevalence of Neospora caninum in dairy cattle herds in Central Anatolia, Turkey. Vet Arh 2006; 76(4): 343-349.) |
Iran (northeast) |
N-MAT |
|
NC-1 |
51/150 |
34 (26.9, 41.9) |
(Hosseini et al., 2011Hosseini M, Moraveji M, Tahamtan Y, Rahimian A, Mohammadi G, Namavari M. Seroprevalence of Neospora spp. in Horses in North East of Iran. Iran J Parasitol 2011; 6(2): 64-68. PMid:22347290.) |
Iran (south) |
64/200 |
32 (25.9, 38.8) |
(Moraveji et al., 2011Moraveji M, Hosseini MH, Amrabadi O, Rahimian A, Namazi F, Namavari M. Seroprevalence of Neospora spp. in horses in South of Iran. Trop Biomed 2011; 28(3): 514-517. PMid:22433879.) |
Saudi Arabia |
IFAT |
|
NC |
29/200 |
10 |
(Alanazi et al., 2014Alanazi AD, Said AE, Alhussaini MS, Al-Mohammed HI. Seroepidemiological Studies of Neospora spp. antibodies in Arabian Horses from Riyadh Region, Saudi Arabia. Res J Parasitol 2014; 9(1): 11-15. http://dx.doi.org10.3923/jp.2014.11.15. http://dx.doi.org10.3923/jp.2014.11.15...
; Kligler et al., 2007Kligler EB, Shkap V, Baneth G, Mildenberg Z, Steinman A. Seroprevalence of Neospora spp. among asymptomatic horses, aborted mares and horses demonstrating neurological signs in Israel. Vet Parasitol 2007; 148(2): 109-113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vetpar.2007.06.002. PMid:17614202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vetpar.2007....
) |
Jordan |
IFAT |
|
NC |
122/379 |
32 (28, 37) |
Current study |
Far East |
|
|
|
|
|
|
South Korea |
IFAT |
|
NH |
4/191 |
2 (0.1, 4) |
(Gupta et al., 2002Gupta GD, Lakritz J, Kim JH, Kim DY, Kim JK, Marsh AE. Seroprevalence of Neospora, Toxoplasma gondii and Sarcocystis neurona antibodies in horses from Jeju island, South Korea. Vet Parasitol 2002; 106(3): 193-201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0304-4017(02)00064-X. PMid:12062508. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0304-4017(02)...
) |
Africa, Nigeria, West Africa |
IFAT |
NC 10/120 |
|
(Bartova et al., 2017Bártová E, Sedlak K, Kobedova K, Budikova M, Joel Atuman Y, Kamani J. Seroprevalence and risk factors of Neospora spp. and Toxoplasma gondii infections among horses and donkeys in Nigeria, West Africa. Acta Parasitol 2017; 62(3): 606-609. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ap-2017-0073. PMid:28682771. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ap-2017-0073...
) |