| Clark et al., 19891717 Clark WF, Parbtani A, Huff MW, Reid B, Holub BJ, Falardeau P. Omega-3
fatty acid dietary supplementation in systemic lupus erythematosus. Kidney Int.
1989;36:653–60.
|
12 subjects with lupus nephritis |
6 g of omega-3 supplements/day over five weeks, followed
by five weeks with no supplements and additional five weeks with 18 g
of omega-3/day |
Rise in EPA and DHA levels in membrane phospholipids and decrease in
AA levels |
| |
|
|
Decreased platelet aggregation and blood viscosity |
| |
|
|
Increased red-cell flexibility |
| |
|
|
Reduced LTB4 production by neutrophils 38% reduction in triglyceride
levels and 39% reduction of VLDL-C levels 28% increase in HDL-C
levels |
| |
|
|
No effects on anti-DNA and albuminuria levels |
| Wetsberg et al., 19901818 Westberg G, Tarkowski A. Effect of MaxEPA in patients with SLE. A
double-blind, crossover study. Scand J Rheumatol. 1990;19:137–43.
|
60 subjects with moderately active SLE |
Omega-3 supplements vs. placebo
Supplements for six months |
Improvement in clinical and laboratory parameters over the first
three months with supplements Unchanged after six months with
supplements |
| Clark et al.,19931919 Clark WF, Parbtani A, Naylor CD, Levinton CM, Muirhead N, Spanner E,
Huff MW, Philbrick DJ, Holub BJ. Fish oil in lupus nephritis: clinical findings and
methodological implications. Kidney Int. 1993;44:75–86.
|
21 subjects with stable lupus nephritis |
Supplements with 15 g of fish oil vs. olive oil placebo
for one year |
Unchanged kidney function and disease activity |
| |
|
|
Reduced VLDL-C and triglyceride serum levels |
| |
|
|
Unchanged LDL-C and HDL-C levels |
| Duffy et al., 20042020 Duffy EM, Meenagh GK, McMillan SA, Strain JJ, Hannigan BM, Bell AL. The
clinical effect of dietary supplementation with omega-3 fish oils and copper in
systemic lupu serythematosus. J Rheumatol. 2004;31:1551–6.
|
52 subjects with SLE |
Four groups: (1) 3 g of omega-3 + 3 mg of copper; (2) 3
g of omega-3 + copper placebo; (3) 3 mg of copper + omega-3 placebo;
(4) omega-3 and copper placebo |
Reduced disease activity in groups receiving omega-3 |
| |
|
Supplements for six months |
|
| Nakamura et al., 20052121 Nakamura N, Kumasaka R, Osawa H, Yamabe H, Shirato K, Fujita T, Murakami
R, Shimada M, Nakamura M, Okumura K, Hamazaki K, Hamazaki T. Effects of
eicosapentaenoic acids on oxidative stress and plasma fatty acid composition in
patients with lupus nephritis. In vivo. 2005;19:879–82.
|
Six subjects with lupus nephritis |
Supplements with daily doses of 1.8 g of purified EPA
Supplements for three months |
Reduced AA levels and increased EPA levels in membrane
phospholipids |
| |
|
|
Reduced urine levels of 8 isoprostane |
| |
|
|
Unchanged anti-DNA and serum complement values |
| Wright et al.,20082222 Wright SA, O´Prey FM, McHenry MT, Leahey WJ, Devine AB, Duffy EM,
Johnston DG, Finch MB, Bell AL, McVeigh GE. A randomised interventional trial of w-3
polyunsaturated acids on endothelial function and disease activity in systemic lupus
erythematosus. Ann Rheum Dis. 2008;67:841–8.
|
60 subjects with SLE |
Supplements with 3 g/day of omega-3 vs.
olive oil placebo Supplements for six months |
Reduced disease activity Improvement of endothelial function |
| |
|
|
Reduced oxidative stress |
| Aghdassi et al.,20112323 Aghdassi E, L. Ma DW, Morrison S, Hillyer LM, Clarke S, Gladman DD,
Urowitz MB, Fortin PR. Alterations in circulating fatty acid composition in patients
with systemic lupus erythematosus: a pilot study. JPEN.
2011;35:198–208.
|
32 subjects with SLE and 20 controls without the
disease |
Fatty acid contents in red cells and plasma from: women
with and without SLE; between SLE patients with and without a history
of CVD; between patients taking corticosteroids or not were
compared |
Lower omega-3 levels in red-cell membrane of subjects with SLE than
in those without the disease Higher plasma omega-6 fatty-acid levels
in patients with SLE and a history of CVD |
| |
|
|
Higher omega-3 levels in patients taking corticosteroids |
| |
|
|
Differences, however, were not statistically significant |
| Elkan et al., 20122424 Elkan AC, Anania C, Gustafsson T, Jogestrand T, Hafstrõm I, Frostegard
J. Diet and fatty acid pattern among patients with SLE: associations with disease
activity, blood lipids and atherosclerosis. Lupus. 2012;21:1405–11.
|
114 SLE patients and 122 subjects without the
disease |
Omega-3 and omega-6 contents in adipose tissue cells of
patients with SLE were evaluated |
Negative association between higher EPA and DHA levels in adipose
tissue cells and disease activity and presence of atherosclerotic
plaques |
| |
|
|
Positive association between higher omega-6 levels in adipose tissue
cells, damage index, and presence of atherosclerotic plaques |
| Bello et al., 20132525 Bello KJ, Fang H, Fazeli P, Bolad W, Corretti M, Magder LS, Petri M.
Omega-3 in SLE: a double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial of
endothelial dysfunction and disease activity in systemic lupus erythematosus.
Rheumatol Int. 2013. Epub ahead of print.
|
85 subjects with SLE |
Supplements with 3 g of omega-3/day vs.
placebo |
Unchanged endothelial function and disease activity |
| |
|
Supplements for 12 weeks |
Increased LDL-C levels in subjects receiving omega-3 |
| |
|
|
Unchanged levels of inflammatory markers (IL-6, ICAM-1, and
VCAM-1) |
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