Hydrography and currents on the Pernambuco Continental Shelf

Domingues, Ernesto de Carvalho; Schettini, Carlos Augusto França; Truccolo, Eliane Cristina; Oliveira Filho, José Cavalcante de

doi:10.1590/2318-0331.0217170027

Ernesto de Carvalho Domingues

Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Aracaju, SE, Brazil

Carlos Augusto França Schettini

Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil

Eliane Cristina Truccolo

Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil

José Cavalcante de Oliveira Filho

Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil

E-mails: ernestocd@yahoo.com.br (ECD), gutoschettini@gmail.com (CAFS), nane.truccolo@gmail.com (ECT), josefilho77@gmail.com (JCF)

Ernesto de Carvalho Domingues: Made whole the data collect, all the analysis and wrote the paper.)

Carlos Augusto França Schettini: Oriented the first author and aided in the whole steps of the construction process of the study.

Eliane Cristina Truccolo: She contributed in the meteorological topics, in the the Wavelet analysis as well as the paper's review.

José Cavalcante de Oliveira Filho: He participated some of data collecting campaigns, he aided in the processing of data on specialized software and contributed with the paper's review.

Figures (15)
Tables (3)

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Figure 1
Circulation in the western edge of the tropical Atlantic Ocean (modified by Dengler et al., 2004DENGLER, M.; SCHOTT, F. A.; EDEN, C.; BRANDT, P.; FISCHER, J.; ZANTOPP, R. J. Break-up of the Atlantic deep western boundary current into eddies at 8 degrees S. Nature, v. 432, n. 7020, p. 1018-1020, 2004. PMid:15616560. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature03134.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature03134... ). The red lines represent surface currents, whereas the blue lines depict undercurrents. Current branches indicated are the South Equatorial Current (SEC), the North Brazil Undercurrent (NBUC), the North Brazil Current (NBC), the Equatorial Undercurrent (EUC), the North Equatorial Countercurrent (NECC), and the Deep Western Boundary Current (DWBC).

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Figure 2
Location of the study area. Numbered black dots indicate stations commissioned during the campaigns of August 2013 and January 2014. Blue dots represent the stations of the monthly surveys. The yellow stars indicate the locations of the weather station and of the ADCP mooring array.

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Figure 3
Annual variation of (A) temperature and (B) rainfall in Recife, (C) wind vectors in Ipojuca, and (D) sum of fluvial discharge on the coast of Pernambuco state.

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Figure 2
Location of the study area. Numbered black dots indicate stations commissioned during the campaigns of August 2013 and January 2014. Blue dots represent the stations of the monthly surveys. The yellow stars indicate the locations of the weather station and of the ADCP mooring array.

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Figure 3
Annual variation of (A) temperature and (B) rainfall in Recife, (C) wind vectors in Ipojuca, and (D) sum of fluvial discharge on the coast of Pernambuco state.

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Figure 4
Seasonal variation of temperature (A) and salinity (B) in the inner shelf between March 2012 and May 2013 with the respective standard deviations.

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Figure 5
Temperature-Salinity Diagram for the winter (A) and summer (B) surveys. The dashed lines indicate the isopycnals in Sigma-t (σ T).

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Figure 6
Horizontal distribution of water temperature (°C) in winter (figures on the left) and summer (figures on the right), with data from the near-surface (upper figures) and near-bottom (bottom figure) of the shelf.

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Figure 7
Cross-shore distribution of water salinity for the surveys conducted in winter (figures on the left) and summer (figures on the right), with data from the near-surface (upper figures) and near-bottom (bottom figures) of the shelf.

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Figure 8
Distribution of temperature (figures on the left) and salinity (figures on the right) of the north (section VIII, at the top), central (section V, in the middle), and south (section I, at the bottom) transects of the study area.

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Figure 9
Direction, velocity, and intensity of the winds during the rainy (A) and dry (B) seasons.

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Figure 10
Direction, velocity, and intensity of the currents during the rainy (A) and dry (B) seasons.

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Figure 11
Time series of water level variation (A and E), current velocity (B and F), current direction (C and G), and temperature (D and H) in the rainy (on the left) and dry (on the right) seasons during the deployment of the ADCP mooring array.

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Figure 12
Time series with decomposition into the cross-shore (on the left) and alongshore (on the right) components in the original (at the top), harmonic (in the middle), and non-harmonic (at the bottom) U-V signals of the currents during the rainy season.

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Figure 13
Time series with decomposition into the cross-shore - U (on the left) and alongshore - V (on the right) components in the original (at the top), harmonic (in the middle), and non-harmonic (at the bottom) U-V signals of the currents during the dry season.

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Figure 14
Seasonal series of the non-harmonic, alongshore component with the local wind, alongshore component.

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Figure 15
Wavelets and energy spectrum by time in Julian days in winter of the alongshore component between wind (A) and current (B), and analysis of wavelets with phase spectrum between the alongshore components between wind and current (C).

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Figure 6
Horizontal distribution of water temperature (°C) in winter (figures on the left) and summer (figures on the right), with data from the near-surface (upper figures) and near-bottom (bottom figure) of the shelf.

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Figure 7
Cross-shore distribution of water salinity for the surveys conducted in winter (figures on the left) and summer (figures on the right), with data from the near-surface (upper figures) and near-bottom (bottom figures) of the shelf.

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Figure 8
Distribution of temperature (figures on the left) and salinity (figures on the right) of the north (section VIII, at the top), central (section V, in the middle), and south (section I, at the bottom) transects of the study area.

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Figure 9
Direction, velocity, and intensity of the winds during the rainy (A) and dry (B) seasons.

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Figure 10
Direction, velocity, and intensity of the currents during the rainy (A) and dry (B) seasons.

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Figure 11
Time series of water level variation (A and E), current velocity (B and F), current direction (C and G), and temperature (D and H) in the rainy (on the left) and dry (on the right) seasons during the deployment of the ADCP mooring array.

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Figure 12
Time series with decomposition into the cross-shore (on the left) and alongshore (on the right) components in the original (at the top), harmonic (in the middle), and non-harmonic (at the bottom) U-V signals of the currents during the rainy season.

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Figure 13
Time series with decomposition into the cross-shore - U (on the left) and alongshore - V (on the right) components in the original (at the top), harmonic (in the middle), and non-harmonic (at the bottom) U-V signals of the currents during the dry season.

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Figure 14
Seasonal series of the non-harmonic, alongshore component with the local wind, alongshore component.

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Figure 15
Wavelets and energy spectrum by time in Julian days in winter of the alongshore component between wind (A) and current (B), and analysis of wavelets with phase spectrum between the alongshore components between wind and current (C).

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Table 1
Climatic values of air temperature and rainfall for Recife (RAMOS; SANTOS; FORTES, 2009RAMOS, A. M.; SANTOS, L. A. R.; FORTES, L. T. G. Normas Climatológicas do Brasil 1961-1990. Brasília: Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia, 2009. 465 p.), wind velocity and direction for Ipojuca, sum of fluvial discharges from the main rivers that flow onto the coast of Pernambuco state, and their annual mean values.

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Table 2
List of conducted data collection campaigns indicating date, number of stations commissioned (NS), and the minimum, mean, maximum and standard deviation values.

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Table 3
Harmonic tidal constituents (TC) determined for water level in August and September 2013.

	Temperature	Rainfall	Wind		Discharge
	(°C)	(mm)	Velocity (m/s)	Direction (degree)	(m³/s)
January	26.9	103.4	7.5	96	52.0
February	26.9	144.2	8.4	112	74.5
March	26.8	264.9	8	124	65.5
April	26.1	326.4	7.6	139	94.3
May	25.6	328.9	7.8	145	147.6
June	24.7	389.6	8.6	156	245.4
July	24.1	385.6	8.8	158	253.5
August	24.4	213.5	9.6	147	177.1
September	25.2	122.5	9.7	132	118.2
October	26.0	66.1	9.2	110	74.7
November	26.4	47.8	9.8	90	52.0
December	26.4	65.0	9.7	91	44.4
Mean	25.8	204.8	8.7	124.9	116.6

#	Campaign	yy-mm-dd	NS	T_MIN	T_AVG	T_MAX	T_STD	S_MIN	S_AVG	S_MAX	S_STD
1	Recife	12-03-08	10	28.5	28.6	28.6	>0.1	31.1	36.9	37.1	0.4
2	Recife	12-04-13	10	28.4	28.6	28.7	>0.1	35.3	37.3	37.4	0.2
3	Recife	12-05-11	10	27.8	28.3	28.3	>0.1	36.1	37.4	37.6	0.1
4	Recife	12-07-20	7	26.4	26.7	26.8	0.1	36.4	36.6	37.0	0.2
5	Recife	12-09-06	17	25.8	26.0	26.3	0.1	30.9	37.0	37.7	0.5
6	Recife	12-10-11	19	26.0	26.3	26.5	0.1	29.9	36.6	37.2	0.7
7	Recife	12-11-24	19	26.1	27.0	28.0	0.5	35.4	37.0	37.6	0.3
8	Suape	12-11-30	28	26.5	27.4	28.3	0.4	33.9	36.7	37.0	0.3
9	Suape	12-12-14	26	25.5	27.3	28.6	0.7	36.8	37.0	37.3	0.1
10	Suape	12-12-20	26	25.9	26.9	28.7	0.9	36.5	37.0	37.2	0.1
11	Suape	13-01-10	28	27.7	28.2	29.1	0.3	36.2	37.0	37.1	0.1
12	Suape	13-02-22	26	28.2	28.5	29.4	0.2	34.1	37.1	37.2	0.1
13	Suape	13-02-28	26	28.5	28.8	29.9	0.2	37.0	37.2	37.5	>0.1
14	Suape	13-03-14	20	27.6	28.9	29.6	0.4	37.0	37.2	37.9	0.1
15	Suape	13-04-04	20	29.0	29.2	30.6	0.2	36.4	37.3	37.4	0.5
16	Suape	13-04-13	9	28.4	28.6	28.7	>0.1	35.3	37.3	37.4	0.2
17	Suape	13-05-20	26	27.9	28.0	28.6	0.1	34.9	36.5	36.9	0.3
18	PCS	13-08-16	35	25.2	26.5	27.3	0.4	35.2	37.1	37.4	0.2
19	PCS	14-01-09	36	24.8	27.6	28.8	0.5	35.6	36.7	37.1	0.1

TC	Amplitude (m)	Phase (o)	TC	Amplitude (m)	Phase (o)
2Q1	0.0038	56.14	L2	0.0174	117.66
Q1	0.0170	98.72	S2	0.3139	126.58
O1	0.0492	139.56	MO3	0.0021	263.75
NO1	0.0025	259.25	M3	0.0063	105.20
K1	0.0350	245.71	SK3	0.0019	278.64
J1	0.0038	347.91	MN4	0.0032	148.81
MU2	0.0171	129.83	M4	0.0079	190.84
N2	0.1371	95.45	MS4	0.0042	313.53
M2	0.7679	110.98	S4	0.0023	196.02

[1] E-mails: ernestocd@yahoo.com.br (ECD), gutoschettini@gmail.com (CAFS), nane.truccolo@gmail.com (ECT), josefilho77@gmail.com (JCF)

Brasil

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Hydrography and currents on the Pernambuco Continental Shelf

Hidrografia e correntes da Plataforma Continental de Pernambuco

ABSTRACT