Effect of the reduction of the outflow restriction discharge from the Xingó dam in water salinity in the lower stretch of the São Francisco River

Efeito da redução da vazão de restrição defluente da barragem de Xingó na salinidade da água no baixo trecho do Rio São Francisco

ABSTRACT

Among the water quality parameters subjected to changes in river flow variations, salinity stands out for being intrinsically associated to ecosystem quality. Nonetheless, salinization can cause irreversible damage to the structure and functions of aquatic communities. This work evaluated the effect of successive reductions of outflow discharges from Xingó dam in water salinity in the lower stretch of the São Francisco River, Brazil. Salinity was analysed downstream of the dam, in addition to the relation between discharge reductions and salinity levels, as well as the spatial evolution of salinity in function of the distance of the sampling points from the river mouth. Secondary water quality data from 17 monitoring points were analysed, moreover, field samples and laboratory analyses were performed. With the reductions of outflow discharges, that started in 2013, there was a considerable increase in salinity in the sampling point located 9 km far from the river mouth, and with the continuation of discharge reductions, points that are farther away from the river mouth also presented high salinity values, both in the bottom and on the surface. This study indicates salinity values above the limits of fresh water (0.5 ‰), established by the CONAMA Resolution 357, for human consumption.

Keywords:
Saline wedge; Estuaries; São Francisco River; Outflow discharge from dam