Incipient motion of tire rubber grains bed

Campello, Bruno Souza Costa; Tarqui, Jorge Luis Zegarra; Martinez, Carlos Barreira; Saliba, Aloysio Portugal Maia; Viana, Edna Maria de Faria

doi:10.1590/2318-0331.302520240140

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Technical Note • RBRH 30 • 2025 • https://doi.org/10.1590/2318-0331.302520240140 linkcopy

Incipient motion of tire rubber grains bed

Movimento incipiente do leito de grãos de borracha de pneu

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

In the present work, it was verified that the use of rubber grains from tires, obtained by recycling, could be a viable alternative for use in mobile-bed river models. In this way, it was experimentally verified whether the rubber grains met the incipient motion criteria proposed by Shields. So, a mobile-bed of tire rubber grains was placed inside a rectangular channel, with 3 m long, 14 cm wide and with a slope of 0.001 m/m. Water flowed over the mobile-bed with different discharge increments until the incipient motion of the particles at the bottom was verified. Video image analysis was used to establish a criterion for the incipient motion. Two diameter classes of rubber particles were evaluated (3.00 mm to 2.00 mm and 2.00 mm to 1.70 mm). The experimental critical values of the Shields parameter of the rubber particles were satisfactory because the values were within the dispersion range of the experiments by Shields diagram.

Keywords:
Incipient motion; Rubber grains; Physics model

Class	Measure Number	$ϕ$ (degrees) a	$ϕ$ (degrees) Simons (1957)
S1	3	28.8	29
S2	3	28.8	29.5
R1	3	43.0	36
R2	3	42.3	37.5

Experiments S1	Q (l/s)	y_h (cm)	R_h (m)	τ_c_exp (N/m²)	**τ_{c exp}***	*u_ (m/s)**	Re_*	d_*
1	0.65	1.98	0.0154	0.151	0.044	0.0123	2.30	4.94
2	0.80	1.93	0.0151	0.148	0.043	0.0122	2.28	4.94
3	0.65	1.73	0.0139	0.136	0.039	0.0117	2.18	4.94
4	0.45	1.49	0.0123	0.120	0.035	0.0110	2.05	4.94
5	0.45	1.41	0.0117	0.115	0.033	0.0107	2.00	4.94
Experiments S2
1	0.46	2.02	0.0157	0.153	0.022	0.0124	4.63	9.88
2	0.47	1.92	0.0151	0.147	0.021	0.0122	4.54	9.88
3	0.43	1.75	0.0140	0.137	0.020	0.0117	4.38	9.88
4	0.41	1.54	0.0126	0.123	0.018	0.0111	4.16	9.88
5	0.45	1.60	0.0130	0.127	0.018	0.0113	4.22	9.88

Experiments R1	Q (l/s)	y_h (cm)	R_h (m)	τ_{c exp} (N/m²)	**τ_{c exp}***	*u_ (m/s)**	Re_*	d_*
1	0.072	0.84	0.0075	0.073	0.028	0.0086	15.60	20.44
2	0.063	0.87	0.0077	0.076	0.029	0.0087	15.84	20.44
3	0.060	0.96	0.0084	0.083	0.032	0.0091	16.55	20.44
4	0.052	0.90	0.0080	0.078	0.030	0.0088	16.08	20.44
5	0.090	1.00	0.0088	0.086	0.033	0.0093	16.85	20.44
6	0.080	1.06	0.0092	0.090	0.035	0.0095	17.28	20.44
7	0.080	1.09	0.0094	0.092	0.036	0.0096	17.49	20.44
8	0.071	1.06	0.0092	0.090	0.035	0.0095	17.28	20.44
9	0.081	1.05	0.0091	0.089	0.035	0.0095	17.21	20.44
10	0.060	0.96	0.0084	0.083	0.032	0.0091	16.55	20.44
11	0.072	0.95	0.0084	0.082	0.032	0.0091	16.47	20.44
12	0.072	0.91	0.0081	0.079	0.031	0.0089	16.16	20.44
13	0.090	1.07	0.0093	0.091	0.035	0.0095	17.35	20.44
14	0.092	1.07	0.0093	0.091	0.035	0.0095	17.35	20.44
15	0.081	0.96	0.0084	0.083	0.032	0.0091	16.55	20.44
16	0.061	0.87	0.0077	0.076	0.029	0.0087	15.84	20.44
17	0.071	0.96	0.0084	0.083	0.032	0.0091	16.55	20.44
18	0.084	0.99	0.0087	0.085	0.033	0.0092	16.77	20.44
19	0.075	0.91	0.0081	0.079	0.031	0.0089	16.16	20.44

Experiments R2	Q (l/s)	y_h (cm)	R_h (m)	τ_{c exp} (N/m²)	**τ_{c exp}***	*u_ (m/s)**	Re_*	d_*
1	0.173	1.33	0.0112	0.109	0.031	0.0105	25.73	27.62
2	0.150	1.38	0.0115	0.113	0.032	0.0106	26.13	27.62
3	0.157	1.40	0.0117	0.114	0.033	0.0107	26.29	27.62
4	0.180	1.42	0.0118	0.115	0.033	0.0108	26.45	27.62
5	0.192	1.44	0.0119	0.117	0.034	0.0108	26.60	27.62
6	0.193	1.46	0.0121	0.118	0.034	0.0109	26.75	27.62
7	0.190	1.48	0.0122	0.119	0.034	0.0109	26.90	27.62
8	0.160	1.45	0.0120	0.117	0.034	0.0108	26.68	27.62
9	0.140	1.43	0.0119	0.116	0.033	0.0108	26.52	27.62
10	0.162	1.46	0.0121	0.118	0.034	0.0109	26.75	27.62
11	0.150	1.41	0.0117	0.115	0.033	0.0107	26.37	27.62
12	0.180	1.56	0.0128	0.125	0.036	0.0112	27.49	27.62
13	0.180	1.50	0.0124	0.121	0.035	0.0110	27.05	27.62
14	0.150	1.46	0.0121	0.118	0.034	0.0109	26.75	27.62
15	0.161	1.49	0.0123	0.120	0.035	0.0110	26.98	27.62
16	0.191	1.65	0.0134	0.131	0.038	0.0114	28.13	27.62
17	0.194	1.50	0.0124	0.121	0.035	0.0110	27.05	27.62
18	0.221	1.58	0.0129	0.126	0.036	0.0112	27.63	27.62
19	0.182	1.50	0.0124	0.121	0.035	0.0110	27.05	27.62
20	0.173	1.50	0.0124	0.121	0.035	0.0110	27.05	27.62

Sediment	d (mm)	d _*	Angle of repose (°)	τ_c* ( Julien, 2010 )	τ_{c exp}* (Average)
S1	0.19	4.94	28.80	0.065	0.039
S2	0.38	9.88	28.80	0.025	0.020
R1	1.85	20.44	43.00	0.0361	0.032
R2	2.50	27.62	42.30	0.0409	0.034

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Rest angle measure by AUTOCAD (2016).