Prevalence of small for gestational age newborns and associated factors in a Brazilian Northeast capital

Tenório, Micaely Cristina dos Santos; Tenório, Marilene Brandão; Ferreira, Raphaela Costa; Mello, Carolina Santos; Oliveira, Alane Cabral Menezes de

doi:10.1590/1806-93042018000300006

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Revista Brasileira de Saúde Materno Infantil

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ORIGINAL ARTICLES • Rev. Bras. Saude Mater. Infant. 18 (3) • Jul-Sep 2018 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1806-93042018000300006 copy

Prevalence of small for gestational age newborns and associated factors in a Brazilian Northeast capital

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

Objectives:

to analyze the factors associated with the birth of small for gestational age (SGA)infants, in a Northeastern Brazilian capital.

Methods:

a cross-sectional study was carried out with 331 pregnant women and their newborns attending the public health network in the city of Maceió, in 2014. Maternal antenatal data were collected (socioeconomic, lifestyle, clinical and nutritional) as well as data of the newborns (gestational age, mode of delivery, sex, birth weight and length), after delivery. Birth weight was classified according to the INTERGROWTH-21st curves, being considered SGA those below the 10th percentile according to gestational age and gender. The results were analyzed by Poisson regression using a hierarchical model and were expressed as prevalence ratios (PR) and their respective 95% confidence intervals (CI95%).

Results:

it was verified that 5.1% of the newborns were SGA. Regarding the associated factors, after adjustment of the hierarchical model, the variable working outside the home was associated with the endpoint studied [PR = 0.14; (CI95% = 0.02-0.75); p=0.022].

Conclusions:

it was verified a low frequency of SGA infants in the evaluated population. The fact that the mother works outside the home proved to be a protective factor for this condition.

Key words:
Birth weight; Risk factors; Protective factors

Variables	SGA		Gross PR (CI95%)	p ^* * Poisson's Bivariate Regression Test;	Adjusted PR (CI95%)	p ^ Poisson Multivariate Regression Test; RP=Prevalence ratio; CI95%= Confidence Interval; Adjusted at the intermediate level for monthly family income ≤ 1 minimum wage, work outside the home, overweight and inadequate caloric intake; SGA = Small for gestational age; STDs = Sexually Transmitted Diseases;MW = minimum wage.
	Yes (n=17)	No (n=314)
	(5.1%)	(94.9%)
Distal Level
Age group (years)
≤15	5.9	2.0	2.89 (0.44-18.94)	0.268
16-19	23.5	21.0	1.14 (0.38-3.41)	0.805
20-34	64.7	69.4	1.00
≥ 35	5.9	7.6	0.76 (0.10-5.55)	0.791
Schooling (years)
< 4	5.9	5.4	1.08 (0.15-7.76)	0.934
≥ 4	94.1	94.6	1.00
Monthly family income ($)
< 1 MW	18.8	6.3	0.99 (0.99-0.99)	0.033	2.45 (0.64-9.28)	0.186
≥ 1MW	81.2	93.7	1.00
No information	11	1
Stable union
No	11.8	20.4	0.53 (0.12-2.28)	0.399
Yes	88.2	79.6	1.00
Working outside the home
No	94.1	69.7	0.15 (0.02-1.14)	0.067	0.14 (0.02-0.75)	0.022
Yes	5.9	30.3	1.00
Intermediate Level
NCDs
Yes	17.6	24.7	0.66 (0.19-2.26)	0.516
No	82.4	75.3	1.00
No information	2
Smoking habit
Yes	11.8	7.6	1.56 (0.37-6.48)	0.538
No	88.2	92.4	1.00
Alcoholism Habit
Yes	5.9	13.4	0.41 (0.05-3.07)	0.391
No	94.1	86.6	1.00
No information	1
Intermediate Level
STDs
Yes	5.9	1.3	4.07 (0.66-25.14)	0.130	4.23 (0.39-45.76)	0.234
No	94.1	98.7	1.00
Current nutritional status
Low weight	5.9	18.2	0.29 (0.03-2.18)	0.231
Eutrophy	35.3	41.8	1.00
Overweight	58.8	40.0	2.07 (0.80-5.32)	0.129	1.72 (0.63-4.65)	0.285
No information	1
Inadequate food intake
Energy (kcal/day)	64.7	80.3	0.47 (0.18-1.23)	0.127	0.50 (0.15-1.59)	0.243
Protein	82.4	80.3	1.14 (0.33-3.85)	0.833
Lipid	70.6	61.5	1.47 (0.53-4.09)	0.455
Carbohydrates	0.0	0.3	----------	-------
Proximal Level
Way of delivery
Caesarean	52.9	42.0	1.51 (0.59-3.83)	0.380
Vaginal	47.1	58.0	1.00

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[TFN1] ^*
Poisson's Bivariate Regression Test;

[TFN2] ^**
Poisson Multivariate Regression Test; RP=Prevalence ratio; CI95%= Confidence Interval; Adjusted at the intermediate level for monthly family income ≤ 1 minimum wage, work outside the home, overweight and inadequate caloric intake; SGA = Small for gestational age; STDs = Sexually Transmitted Diseases;MW = minimum wage.