Manifestations of obstetric violence perceived by pregnant women during prenatal care in Primary Health Care

Ferreira, Talyta Sâmara Batista; Lopes, Bárbara Cerqueira Santos; Lima, Cássio de Almeida; Oliveira, Ana Júlia Soares; Pinho, Lucineia de; Brito, Maria Fernanda Santos Figueiredo; Vogt, Sibylle Emilie; Silveira, Marise Fagundes

doi:10.1590/1806-9304202400000234-en

person Talyta Sâmara Batista Ferreira

conception · design of the study · data collection · drafting of the manuscript · approved the final version of the article and declare no conflicts of interest

schoolPrograma de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde. Centro de Ciências Biológicas. Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros. Av. Prof. Rui Braga, s.n. Vila Mauricéia. Campus Universitário Prof. Darcy Ribeiro. Montes Claros, MG, Brasil. CEP: 39.401-089. E-mail: talytasamara2011@gmail.com

0000-0002-1342-4799

person Bárbara Cerqueira Santos Lopes

conception · design of the study · data collection · drafting of the manuscript · approved the final version of the article and declare no conflicts of interest

schoolDepartamento de Enfermagem. Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros. Montes Claros, MG, Brasil

0000-0002-7617-2218

person Cássio de Almeida Lima

conception · design of the study · data collection · drafting of the manuscript · approved the final version of the article and declare no conflicts of interest

schoolDepartamento de Métodos e Técnicas Educacionais. Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros. Montes Claros, MG, Brasil

0000-0002-4261-8226

person Ana Júlia Soares Oliveira

conception · design of the study · data collection · drafting of the manuscript · approved the final version of the article and declare no conflicts of interest

schoolUniversidade Estadual de Montes Claros. Montes Claros, MG, Brasil

0000-0001-6248-4053

person Lucineia de Pinho

conception · design of the study · supervision of data collection · data analysis and interpretation · critical revision of the manuscript · approved the final version of the article and declare no conflicts of interest

schoolDepartamento de Saúde Mental e Saúde Coletiva. Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros. Montes Claros, MG, Brasil

0000-0002-2947-5806

person Maria Fernanda Santos Figueiredo Brito

conception · design of the study · supervision of data collection · data analysis and interpretation · critical revision of the manuscript · approved the final version of the article and declare no conflicts of interest

schoolDepartamento de Saúde Mental e Saúde Coletiva. Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros. Montes Claros, MG, Brasil

0000-0001-5395-9491

person Sibylle Emilie Vogt

conception · design of the study · supervision of data collection · data analysis and interpretation · critical revision of the manuscript · approved the final version of the article and declare no conflicts of interest

schoolDepartamento de Enfermagem. Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros. Montes Claros, MG, Brasil

0000-0001-9553-4096

person Marise Fagundes Silveira

conception · design of the study · statistical analysis and interpretation of data · critical revision of the manuscript · approved the final version of the article and declare no conflicts of interest

schoolDepartamento de Ciências Exatas. Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros. Montes Claros, MG, Brasil

0000-0002-8821-3160

Associated Editor:

Leila Katz

Features	n*	%
Age group (years)
<20	59	19.6
20-34	194	64.7
>34	47	15.7
Schooling
Eight years or less	47	15.7
More than eight years	253	84.3
Marital status
With a partner	222	74.5
Without a partner	76	25.5
Occupation
Formal/ Informal work	147	49.1
Housewife/Unemployed	152	50.9
No. of children
None	115	40.4
1 -2	133	46.6
≥3	37	13.0
Family income (MW)
<2	205	71.7
≥ 2	81	28.3

During prenatal care, during appointments, in the reception area or waiting room, or in another ESF environment:	Never/Almost never		Sometimes		Almost always/ Always		Total
	n	%	n	%	n	%	n*	%
Did any healthcare professional push, pull, shout, hit or hold you down?	272	90.7	10	3.3	18	6.0	300	100.0
Have you ever taken any medication (medicine)without it being explained to you by the professional who attended you?	265	88.6	14	4.7	20	6.7	299	100.0
During your prenatal care, do you think youwere the victim of any physical violence?	278	93.0	6	2.0	15	5.0	299	100.0
Did you feel comfortable expressing your concerns, fears, anxieties and opinions to health professionals during your prenatal care?	24	8.0	26	8.7	250	83.3	300	100.0
Did you feel that your choices were respected (consent or refusal) during your prenatal care?	29	9.7	14	4.7	256	85.6	299	100.0
Did you feel that your privacy was respectedduring the service?	15	5.0	13	4.4	270	90.6	298	100.0
Did any health professional during your prenatal care ask you to expose any part of your body, or did they perform any intervention on your body without explaining the reason or purpose?	278	93.0	9	3.0	12	4.0	299	100.0
Were you listened to during your prenatal consultations, and was the information you requested answered satisfactorily?	15	5.0	30	10.0	255	85.0	300	100.0
Were you denied care at any point during yourprenatal care?	257	86.3	15	5.0	26	8.7	298	100.0
In general, do you think that during prenatalcare you had access to enough information to make decisions about pregnancy and childbirth?	18	6.0	34	11.4	246	82.6	298	100.0

Domain		Items	n	%
Objective Domain	Physical	1. Did a health professional sometimes, almost always or always push, pull, shout, hit or hold you down?	28	9.3
		2. Have you sometimes, almost always or always taken medication (medicine) without it being explained to you by the professional who attended you?	34	11.4
		3. Do you think you were sometimes, almost always or always the victim of physical violence during your prenatal care?	21	7.0
	Sexual	9. Were you sometimes, almost always or always denied care during prenatal care?	41	13.8
	Sexual	7. Did a health professional during prenatal care sometimes, almost always or always askyou to expose any part of your body or perform any intervention on your body without explaining why or for what purpose?	21	7.0
Subjective Domain	Psychologic	4. Did you never, almost never or sometimes feel comfortable expressing your concerns, fears, anxieties and opinions to health professionals during prenatal care?	50	16.7
		5. Did you never, almost never or sometimes feel that your choices were respected (consentor refusal) during prenatal care?	43	14.4
		6. Did you never, almost never or sometimes feel that your privacy was respected during the service?	28	9.4
	Institutional	8. Were you never, almost never or sometimes listened to during your prenatal consultations, and was the information you requested answered satisfactorily?	45	15.0
	Institutional	10. Never, almost never or sometimes during prenatal care did you have access to enough information to make decisions about pregnancy and childbirth?	52	17.4

Sociodemographic characteristics	OV Physical %	OV Sexual %	OV Psychological %	OV Institutional %
Age group (years)
< 20	24.6	10.5	28.1	26.3
20-34	22.,3	6.4	23.4	28.7
Over 34	17.4	6.5	26.1	17.4
p*	0.670	0.560	0.754	0.295
Schooling
Eight years or less	17.0	4.3	19.1	21.3
More than eight years	22.5	7.5	25.3	27.3
p*	0.400	0.422	0.367	0.391
Marital status
With a partner	22.5	8.1	23.9	24.3
Without a partner	18.4	3.9	25.0	30.3
p*	0.452	0.302	0.843	0.307
Occupation
Formal or informal work	19.0	6.8	20.4	24.5
Housewife or unemployed	24.3	7.2	28.3	28.4
p*	0.267	0.883	0.252	0.456
No. of children
None	20.9	7.0	18.3	24.3
1 -2	24.1	6.0	30.8	27.8
>2	24.3	13.5	24.3	24.3
p*	0.814	0.296	0.074	0.800
Family income (MW)
< 2	21.0	6.2	26.8	28.8
≥ 2	21.5	6.3	17.3	18.5
p*	0.929	0.958	0.089	0.074

[TFN1] ^*
Totals vary due to loss of information; MW= minimum wage (R$954.0 in 2018 and R$9998.0 in 2019).

Manifestations of obstetric violence perceived by pregnant women during prenatal care in Primary Health Care

Abstract