| Alonso Diaz et al.,1111 Alonso Díaz C, López Maestro M, Moral Pumarega MT,Flores Antón B, Pallás Alonso CR. Primer caso de infección neonatal por SARS-CoV-2 en España [First case of neonatal infection due to SARS-CoV-2 in Spain]. An Pediatr (Barc). 2020; 92 (4): 237-8. (2020) |
Case report |
1 pregnant woman;
1 neonate |
- Cesarean section |
- Low birthweight;
- Respiratory distress;
- Intermittent hyperpnoea;
- Oxygen desaturation;
- Mild blood acidosis;
- GGO |
Inconclusive (Baby tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, but it had direct contact with mother) |
| Alzamora et al.,1212 Alzamora MC, Paredes T, Caceres D, Webb CM, ValdezLM, La Rosa M. Severe COVID-19 during pregnancy and possible vertical transmission. Am J Perinatol. 2020; 37 (8): 861-5. (2020) |
Case report |
1 pregnant woman;
1 neonate |
- Cesarean section
- Pre-term |
-Prematurity;
- Respiratory difficulty;
- Cough |
Likely (Baby tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 and it did not have direct contact with mother. But amniotic fluid, placenta and cord blood were not tested) |
| Breslin et al.,1313 Breslin N, Baptiste C, Gyamfi-Bannerman C, Miller R,Martinez R, Bernstein K, et al. COVID-19 infection among asymptomatic and symptomatic pregnant women: Two weeks of confirmed presentations to an affiliated pair of New York City hospitals. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2020; 2 (2): 100118. (2020) |
Case series |
29 pregnant women with symptomatic admitted;
14 pregnant women asymptomatic admitted |
- Cesarean section (n=8);
- Vaginal delivery (n=10);
- Pre-term (n=1) |
- Prematurity (n=1);
- Congenitally diagnosed multi-cystic dysplastic kidney after delivery (n=1);
- Respiratory distress (n=1) |
No evidence of VT (all babies tested negative by nasopharyngeal swab) |
| Breslin et al.,1414 Breslin N, Baptiste C, Miller R, Fuchs K, Goffman D,Gyamfi-Bannerman C, et al. COVID-19 in pregnancy: early lessons. Am J Obstet Gynecol MFM. 2020; 2 (2): 100111. (2020) |
Case series |
7 pregnant women |
- Cesarean section (n=2) |
- Not informed |
Not informed |
| Buonsenso et al.,1515 Buonsenso D, Raffaelli F, Tamburrini E, Biasucci DG, SalviS, Smargiassi A, et al. Clinical role of lung ultrasound for the diagnosis and monitoring of COVID-19 pneumonia in pregnant women. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2020; 56 (1): 106-9. (2020) |
Case series |
4 pregnant women;
2 neonates |
- Cesarean section (n=2) |
- No alteration informed |
No evidence of VT (Babies were tested negative. Cord blood was tested negative) continue |
| Chen et al.,1010 Chen H, Guo J, Wang C, Luo F, Yu X, Zhang W, et al.Clinical characteristics and intrauterine vertical transmission potential of COVID-19 infection in nine pregnant women: a retrospective review of medical records. Lancet. 2020; 395 (10226): 809-15. (2020) |
Retrospective case review |
9 pregnant women;
9 neonates |
- Cesarean section (n=8);
- Emergency cesarean section (n=1);
- Gestational age at birth: 36-39 weeks + 4 days;
- Fetal distress (n=2);
- Preterm birth (n=4);
- PROM (n=2) |
- Prematurity (n=4);
- Birthweight lower than 2,500 g (n=2);
- Mild increase in myocardial enzymes (n=1) |
Inconclusive (one baby diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 36h after birth, even after being isolated from the mother. Nevertheless, placenta, cord blood and amniotic fluid were negative for the virus) |
| Chen et al.,1616 Chen R, Zhang Y, Huang L, Cheng BH, Xia ZY, Meng QT.Safety and efficacy of different anesthetic regimens for parturients with COVID-19 undergoing Cesarean delivery: a case series of 17 patients. Can J Anaesth. 2020; 67 (6): 655-63. (2020) |
Case series |
17 parturients;
17 neonates |
- Cesarean section (n=14);
- Emergency cesarean section (n=3) |
- Premature birth with normal weight (n=3) |
No evidence of VT (no babies tested positive for SARS-CoV-2) |
| Chen et al.,1717 Chen Y, Peng H, Wang L, Zhao Y, Zeng L, Gao H, et al.Infants born to mothers with a new coronavirus (COVID19). Front Pediat. 2020; 8: 104. (2020) |
Case report |
4 neonates;
4 pregnant women |
- Cesarean section in the acute phase of the disease (n=3);
- Vaginal delivery (n=1);
- All babies were born beyond 37 weeks’ gestation and with birthweight above 3,000 g |
- Negative for COVID-19 (n=3). One baby’s parents did not provide consent for their baby to be tested for COVID-19;
- Rashes of unknown etiology at birth (n=2);
- Facial ulcerations (n=1);
- Tachypnea (n=1);
- Edema of the lateral thigh and low level of serum albumin (n=1) |
No evidence of VT (no babies tested positive for SARS-CoV-2) |
| Fan et al.,1818 Fan C, Lei D, Fang C, Li C, Wang M, Liu Y, et al. Perinataltransmission of COVID-19 associated SARS-CoV-2: should we worry? Clin Infect Dis. 2020; 72 (5): 862-4. (2020) |
Case series |
2 pregnant physicians;
2 neonates |
- Cesarean section (37 weeks and 36 weeks and 5 days) (n=2);
- Preterm (n=1) |
- Prematurity with normal weight (n=1);
- Pneumonia (n=1);
- Lymphopenia (n=2);
- Low-grade fever (n=1);
- Abdominal distension (n=1) |
No evidence of VT (no babies tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. Baby’s nasopharyngeal swab, and maternal serum, placenta tissue, umbilical cord blood, amniotic fluid, vaginal swabs and breast milk were tested) |
| Ferrazzi et al.,88 Ferrazzi E, Frigerio L, Savasi V, Vergani P, Prefumo F,Barresi S, et al. Vaginal delivery in SARS-CoV-2 infected pregnant women in Northern Italy: a retrospective analysis. BJOG. 2020; 127 (9): 1116-21. (2020) |
Retrospective case review |
42 pregnant women;
42 neonates |
- Elective cesarean section for conditions determined by COVID-19 (n=10);
- Elective cesarean section for reasons unrelated with COVID-19 (n=8);
- Vaginal delivery (n=24);
- Pre-term (n=11) |
- Prematurity (n=11);
- Respiratory symptoms (n=1);
- Gastrointestinal symptoms (n=1) |
Inconclusive (3 babies tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 through throat swab tested by RT-PCR) |
| Gidlöf et al.,1919 Gidlöf S, Savchenko J, Brune T, Josefsson H. COVID-19 inpregnancy with comorbidities: more liberal testing strategy is needed. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2020; 99 (7): 948-9. (2020) |
Case report |
1 pregnant woman;
2 neonates |
- Emergency cesarean section;
- Pre-term |
- Prematurity;
- Twin 1 had a birthweight of 2,680 g. At 22 minutes after childbirth it developed breathing problems. Twin 2 had a birthweight of 2,160 g |
No evidence of VT (Both twins had negative nasopharyngeal Covid-19 tests taken at 34 hours; and 4½ days of age) |
| Gonzáles Romero et al.,2020 González Romero D, Ocampo Pérez J, González BautistaL, Santana-Cabrera L. Pronóstico perinatal y de la paciente embarazada con infección por COVID-19 [Pregnancy and perinatal outcomeof a womanwith COVID-19 infection]. Rev Clin Esp. 2020; 220 (8): 533-4. (2020) |
Case report |
1 pregnant woman;
1 neonate |
- Cesarean section;
- Pre-term |
- Prematurity;
- Low birthweight |
Not informed (Baby untested for SARS-CoV-2) |
| Hantoushzadeh et al.,2121 Hantoushzadeh S, Shamshirsaz AA, Aleyasin A, SeferovicMD, Aski SK, Arian SE, et al. Maternal Death due to COVID-19 disease. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2020; S00029378 (20): 30516-0. (2020) |
Retrospective case review |
9 pregnant women;
7 neonates |
- Cesarean section (n=6);
- Vaginal delivery (n=1);
- Pre-term (n=5) |
- Prematurity (n=5);
- Low birthweight (n=4);
- Neonatal pneumonia (n=1);
- Neonatal mortality (n=4; twin pregnancy) |
No evidence of VT (One was tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 after 7 days of live through nasopharyngeal swab test) |
| Iqbal et al.,2222 Iqbal SN, Overcash R, Mokhtari N, Saeed H, Gold S,Auguste T, et al. An uncomplicated delivery in a patient with COVID-19 in the United States. N Engl J Med. 2020; 382 (16): e34. (2020) |
Case report |
1 pregnant woman;
1 neonate |
- Uncomplicated Spontaneous vaginal delivery |
- Telephone follow-up after childbirth indicated there were no signs of neonatal infection |
Not evidence of VT (no evidence of neonatal or intraamniotic infection) |
| Kalafat et al.,2323 Kalafat E, Yaprak E, Cinar G, Varli B, Ozisik S, Uzun C, etal. Lung ultrasound and computed tomographic findings in pregnant woman with COVID-19. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2020; 55 (6): 835-7. (2020) |
Case report |
1 pregnant woman;
1 neonate |
- Reduced fetal movements;
- Elective Cesarean section |
- Birthweight of 2,790 g |
No evidence of VT (neonatal swabs, cord blood, and placental swab RT-PCR tests were negative for SARS-CoV-2) |
| Li et al.,2424 Li N, Han L, Peng M, Lv Y, Ouyang Y, Liu K, et al.Maternal and neonatal outcomes of pregnant women with COVID-19 pneumonia: a case-control study. Clin Infect Dis. 2020; 71 (16): 2035-41. (2020) |
Case-control |
Case groups:
- Confirmed cases who were tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 (n=16);
- Suspected cases with typical chest CT imaging but negative in RT-PCR tests (n=18); Control groups:
- Women admitted during January 24
- February 29, 2020 (n=120);
- Women admitted during January 24
- February 11, 2019 (n=121); Neonates:
- Confirmed case group (n=17);
- Suspected case group (n=19);
- Control 2020 (n=121);
- Control 2019 (n=121) |
- Gestational weeks on admission ranged: 33 + 6 to 40 + 4; Cesarean section:
- Confirmed case group (n=14);
- Suspected case group (n=16);
- Control 2020 (n=57);
- Control 2019 (n=44); Pre-term:
- Confirmed case group (n=3);
- Suspected case group (n=3);
- Control 2020 (n=7);
- Control 2019 (n=6); Fetal distress:
- Confirmed case group (n=2);
- Suspected case group (n=1);
- Control 2020 (n=6);
- Control 2019 (n=6); PROM and placental abruption:
- Confirmed case group (n=2);
- Suspected case group (n=0);
- Control 2020 (n=0);
- Control 2019 (n=0) |
Prematurity:
- Confirmed case group (n=4);
- Suspected case group (n=4);
- Control 2020 (n=7);
- Control 2019 (n=6); Low birthweight:
- Confirmed case group (n=3);
- Suspected case group (n=2);
- Control 2020 (n=3);
- Control 2019 (n=3) |
No evidence of VT (all of them tested negative for SARSCoV-2) |
| Li et al.,2525 Li Y, Zhao R, Zheng S, Chen X, Wang J, Sheng X, et al.Lack of vertical transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, China. Emerg Infect Dis. 2020; 26 (6): 1335‐6. (2020) |
Case report |
1 pregnant woman;
1 neonate |
- Emergency cesarean section in the 35th gestational week (pre-term);
- No complications during delivery |
- Prematurity;
- Fetal heart rate monitor showed 110 beats/min that resulted in medical decision for emergency cesarean section;
- baby was negative for SARS-CoV-2 immediately after he was taken from the uterus and after 2 days |
No evidence of VT (Baby tested negative for SARS-CoV-2. Urine, feces, amniotic fluid, umbilical cord blood, placenta and breast milk were tested) |
| Liu et al.,2626 Liu D, Li L, Wu X, Zheng D, Wang J, Yang L, et al.Pregnancy and perinatal outcomes of women with coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pneumonia: a preliminary analysis. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2020; 215 (1): 127-32. (2020) |
Retrospective case review |
15 pregnant women;
11 neonates |
- Cesarean section (n=10);
- Vaginal delivery (n=1);
- Delivery time ranged from 34 to 38 gestational weeks |
Not informed |
No evidence of VT (no babies tested positive for SARS-CoV-2) |
| Liu et al.,2727 Liu H, Liu F, Li J, Zhang T, Wang D, Lan W. Clinical andCT imaging features of the COVID-19 pneumonia: Focus on pregnant women and children. J Infect. 2020; 80 (5): e7‐e13. (2020) |
Clinical research |
- 41 pregnant women*;
- 11 non-pregnant adults; *16 pregnant women were SARSCoV-2 positive;
17 laboratorynegative but with typical CT features of COVID-19 pneumonia; and the other 8 did not undergo SARS-CoV-2 test |
- Gestational age ranged from 22 weeks to 40 weeks + 5 days |
Not informed |
Not informed |
| Liu et al.,2828 Liu Y, Chen H, Tang K, Guo Y. Clinical manifestations andoutcome of SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy. J Infect. 2020; S0163-4453(20)30109-2. (2020) |
Retrospective case review |
13 pregnant women;
13 neonates |
- 3 patients improved after hospitalization and got discharged with an uncomplicated ongoing pregnancy;
- Cesarean section in 10 patients, being emergency cesarean section in 5 patients due to complications;
- Fetal distress (n=3);
- PROM (n=1);
- Stillbirth (n=1);
- Preterm labor between 32-36 weeks of gestation (n=6) |
- Prematurity (n=6);
- Death (n=1) |
No evidence of VT (no babies tested positive for SARS-CoV-2) |
| Song et al.,2929 Song L, Xiao W, Ling K, Yao S, Chen X. Anestheticmanagement for emergent cesarean delivery in a parturient with recent diagnosis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID19): a case report. Transl Perioper Pain Med. 2020; 7 (3): 234-7. (2020) |
Case report |
1 pregnant woman;
1 neonate |
- Emergency cesarean section (36 weeks and 3 days);
- Preterm |
- Prematurity with normal weight (3.63 kg) |
No evidence of VT (Baby did not test positive for SARS-CoV-2) |
| Wang et al.,3030 Wang S, Guo L, Chen L, Liu W, Cao Y, Zhang J, et al. Acase report of neonatal COVID-19 infection in China. Clin Infect Dis. 2020; 71 (15): 853-7. (2020) |
Case report |
1 pregnant woman;
1 neonate |
- Cesarean section (40 weeks) |
- Lymphopenia;
- Deranged liver function tests;
- Elevated total and indirect bilirubin;
- Elevated creatine kinase level |
Inconclusive (Baby tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. Cord blood, placental specimens and breast milk were tested) |
| Wang et al.,3131 Wang X, Zhou Z, Zhang J, Zhu F, Tang Y, Shen X. A caseof 2019 Novel Coronavirus in a pregnant woman with preterm delivery. Clin Infect Dis. 2020; 71 (15): 844-6. (2020) |
Case report |
1 pregnant woman;
1 neonate |
- Emergency cesarean section during the 30th gestational week;
- Preterm |
- No fetal movement and no variability of fetal heart rate;
- Prematurity;
- Low birthweight (1.83 kg);
- Kept in isolation ICU for observation;
- Baby had an uneventful neonatal course |
No evidence of VT (Baby did not test positive for SARS-CoV-2. Amniotic fluid, placenta, umbilical cord blood, gastric juice and throat swabs were tested) |
| Wu et al.,99 Wu X, Sun R, Chen J, Xie Y, Zhang S, Wang X. Radiological findings and clinical characteristics of pregnant women with COVID-19 pneumonia. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2020; 150 (1): 58-63. (2020) |
Retrospective case review |
23 pregnant women;
21 neonates |
- Cesarean section (n=18);
- Vaginal delivery (n=2) |
Not informed |
No evidence of VT (4 babies tested negative for SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR. Others were not tested) |
| Xia et al.,3232 Xia H, Zhao S, Wu Z, Luo H, Zhou C, Chen X. EmergencyCaesarean delivery in a patient with confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 under spinal anaesthesia. Br J Anaesth. 2020; 124 (5): e216‐e218. (2020) |
Case report |
1 pregnant woman;
1 neonate |
- Emergency cesarean section (37 weeks and 2 days) |
Not informed |
No evidence of VT (Baby did not test positive for SARS-CoV-2) |
| Yan et al.,3333 Yan J, Guo J, Fan C, Juan J, Yu X, Li J, et al. Coronavirusdisease 2019 (COVID-19) in pregnant women: A report based on 116 cases. Am J ObstetGynecol. 2020; 223 (1): 111.e1-e14. (2020) |
Retrospective case review |
116 pregnant women 84 neonates |
- Cesarean section (n=85);
- Vaginal delivery (n=14);
- Pre-term (n=23);
- Fetal distress (n=9);
- Abnormal placenta (placenta previa) (n=3);
- Abnormal fetal growth (n=2) |
- Prematurity (n=23);
- Low birthweight (n=8);
- Death (n=1) |
No evidence of VT (Baby did not test positive for SARS-CoV-2. Cord blood, amniotic fluid, vagina mucus and breast milk were tested) |
| Yu et al.,3434 Yu N, Li W, Kang Q, Xiong Z, Wang S, Lin X, et al.Clinical features and obstetric and neonatal outcomes of pregnant patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective, single-centre, descriptive study. Lancet Infect Dis. 2020; 20 (5): 559‐64. (2020) |
Retrospective case review |
7 pregnant women;
7 neonates |
- Cesarean section;
- Delivery time ranged from 37 weeks to 41 weeks plus 2 days |
- Mild shortness of breath symptoms.
- Chest x-ray revealed mild pulmonary infection (n=1) |
Inconclusive (one baby diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 36h after birth, but placenta and cord blood were negative for virus) |
| Zamaniyan et al.,3535 Zamaniyan M, Ebadi A, Aghajanpoor Mir S, Rahmani Z,Haghshenas M, Azizi S. Preterm delivery in pregnant woman with critical COVID-19 pneumonia and vertical transmission. Prenat Diagn. 2020; 40 (13): 1759-61. (2020) |
Case report |
1 pregnant woman;
1 neonate |
- Cesarean section;
- Pre-term |
- Prematurity;
- Low birthweight;
- Fever |
Likely (Baby was tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 and it did not have direct contact with mother. Amniotic fluid tested positive for SARS-CoV-2) |
| Zambrano et al.,3636 Zambrano LI, Fuentes-Barahona IC, Bejarano-Torres DA,Bustillo C, Gonzales G, Vallecillo-Chinchilla G, et al. A pregnant woman with COVID-19 in Central America. Travel Med Infect Dis. 2020; 36: 101639. (2020) |
Case report |
1 pregnant woman;
1 neonate |
- Obstetric ultrasound: fetus with a dysplastic and multicystic right kidney;
- Pre-term;
- Vaginal delivery |
- Prematurity (32 gestational week);
- Birthweight of 1,500 g |
No evidence of VT (nasopharyngeal and blood samples tested by SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR were negative) |
| Zhu et al.,55 Zhu H, Wang L, Fang C, Peng S, Zhang L, Chang G, et al.Clinical analysis of 10 neonates born to mothers with 2019nCoV pneumonia. Transl Pediatr. 2020; 9 (1): 51‐60. (2020) |
Retrospective case review |
9 pregnant women;
10 neonates |
- Cesarean section (n=7);
- Vaginal delivery (n=2);
- Pre-term (n=6);
- Intrauterine distress (n=6);
- PROM (5 to 7 hours before the onset of true labor) (n=3);
- Abnormal amniotic fluid (n=2);
- Abnormal umbilical cord (n=2);
- Abnormal placenta (placenta previa) (n=1) |
- Prematurity (n=6);
- SGA (n=2);
- Large-for-gestational-age (n=1);
- PCIS score of less than 90 (n=6);
- First symptom: Shortness of breath (n=6);
- Fever (n=2);
- Rapid heart rate (n=1);
- Feeding intolerance, bloating, refusing milk, and gastric bleeding (n=4);
- Abnormalities in chest x-ray: infectious (n=4), NRDS (n=2), and pneumothorax (n=1);
- Thrombocytopenia complicated with abnormal liver function (n=2);
- One pre-term neonate (34 weeks and 5 days) had shortness of breath and moaning. Eight days later he developed refractory shock, multiple organ failure, and DIC. He died on the 9th day;
- One preterm neonate (34 weeks and 6 days) had shortness of breath and moaning. He suffered from frequent oxygenation fluctuations at 3 days of age, along with poor response and sharp drop in platelets. He was cured 15 days later |
No evidence of VT (no babies tested positive for SARS-CoV-2) |
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