Ecuadorian infant mortality linked to socioeconomic factors during the last 30 years

Romero-Sandoval, Natalia; Alcázar, Diego Del; Pastor, Jacob; Martín, Miguel

doi:10.1590/1806-93042019000200003

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Revista Brasileira de Saúde Materno Infantil

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ORIGINAL ARTICLES • Rev. Bras. Saude Mater. Infant. 19 (2) • Apr-Jun 2019 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1806-93042019000200003 copy

Ecuadorian infant mortality linked to socioeconomic factors during the last 30 years

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

Objectives:

to analyze the difference among geographical units and the evolution of infant mortality rate (IMR) based on Ecuadorian censuses (1990-2001-2010).

Methods:

artificial Neural Network analyzed the impact of sociodemographic factors over the variability of IMR. Poisson regression analyzed the variation of the standardized IMR (sIMR).

Results:

the decrease in the national IMR was 63.8%; however, 42.8% provinces showed an increase in 2001-2010. The variability was explained mainly by illiteracy decrease. The adjusted RR between provincial sIMR with illiteracy and poverty revealed a trend towards the unit.

Conclusions:

the variation of IMR reflects a complex interaction of the sociodemographic factors.

Key words
Infant mortality; Ecuador

Year	Deaths within one year, live births (IMR)		per 1000	Number of births	Ecuador population (millions)
	Female	Male	Total
1990	27.95	32.44	30.24	263582	10.26
2001	15.16	19.29	17.25	278160	12.55
2010	10.26	11.61	10.95	292329	14.16

Census year	Gender		Illiteracy			PP / UBN			IndP
		(%)	VPN-IMR by Ill	Adjusted RR (095%)	(%)	VPN-IMR by PP/UBN	Adjusted RR (CI95%)	(%)	VPN-IMR by IndP	Adjusted RR (CI95%)
1990	Female Male Total	13.79 9.47 11.78	0.662	1.039 (1.035 1.043)	78.41 80.48 79.43	0.338	0.981 (0.978 0.984)	A A A N N N	NA	NA
2001	Female Male Total	10.29 7.65 9.00	0.452	1.023 (1.014 1.033)	70.38 72.19 71.27	0.391	0.985 (0.983 0.988)	3.50 3.33 6.83	0.157	NA
2010	Female Male Total	7.70 5.74 6.74	0.420	1.026 (1.011 1.041)	59.17 60.82 59.98	0.373	0.989 (0.986 0.992)	3.57 3.45 7.03	0.208	NA

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[1] Author's contribuition

Romero-Sandoval N and Martín M conceived, design and coordinated the study. Romero-Sandoval N, Martín M and Pastor J prepared the manuscript and contributed to the analysis of data. Romero-Sandoval N, Martín M, Alcázar D and Pastor J were responsible for data management and statistical analysis. All the authors were involved in the interpretation of the data and drafting the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.