Factors associated with the risk of developmental delay in children under five years of age hospitalized for primary care-sensitive conditions

Carvalho, José Santana; Paula, Weslla Karla Albuquerque de; Lima, Ana Paula Esmeraldo; Leal, Luciana Pedrosa; Marinus, Maria Wanderleya de Lavor Coriolano

doi:10.1590/1806-9304202500000013-en

person José Santana Carvalho

conceptualization · data curation · data collection · data analysis · writing · review and editing of the manuscript · declare no conflicts of interest

schoolPrograma de Pós Graduação em Enfermagem. Universidade Federal de Pernambuco. Av. Moraes Rego, 1235. Cidade Universitária. Recife, PE, Brasil. CEP: 50.670-901. E-mail: mariawanderleya.coriolano@ufpe.br

0000-0002-5760-1945

person Weslla Karla Albuquerque de Paula

conceptualization · data curation · data collection · data analysis · supervision · writing · review and editing of the manuscript · declare no conflicts of interest

schoolPrograma de Pós Graduação em Enfermagem. Universidade Federal de Pernambuco. Av. Moraes Rego, 1235. Cidade Universitária. Recife, PE, Brasil. CEP: 50.670-901. E-mail: mariawanderleya.coriolano@ufpe.br

0000-0002-0237-2663

person Ana Paula Esmeraldo Lima

data analysis · writing · review and editing of the manuscript · declare no conflicts of interest

schoolPrograma de Pós Graduação em Enfermagem. Universidade Federal de Pernambuco. Av. Moraes Rego, 1235. Cidade Universitária. Recife, PE, Brasil. CEP: 50.670-901. E-mail: mariawanderleya.coriolano@ufpe.br

0000-0002-8447-4072

person Luciana Pedrosa Leal

data analysis · writing · review and editing of the manuscript · declare no conflicts of interest

schoolPrograma de Pós Graduação em Enfermagem. Universidade Federal de Pernambuco. Av. Moraes Rego, 1235. Cidade Universitária. Recife, PE, Brasil. CEP: 50.670-901. E-mail: mariawanderleya.coriolano@ufpe.br

0000-0003-3776-0997

person Maria Wanderleya de Lavor Coriolano Marinus

conceptualization · data curation · data collection · data analysis · supervision · writing · review and editing of the manuscript · declare no conflicts of interest

schoolPrograma de Pós Graduação em Enfermagem. Universidade Federal de Pernambuco. Av. Moraes Rego, 1235. Cidade Universitária. Recife, PE, Brasil. CEP: 50.670-901. E-mail: mariawanderleya.coriolano@ufpe.br

0000-0001-7531-2605

Associated Editor:

Karla Bomfim

Variables	n (n=90)	%
Sex
Male	48	53.3
Female	42	46.7
Ethnicity
White	27	30
Black and Brown	63	70
Age in months
1 – 36	78	86.7
37 – 60	12	13.3
Birth weight (g)
<2.500	22	24.4
≥2.500	68	75.6
Exclusive breastfeeding
No	28	31.1
Up to 2 months	46	51.1
3 – 5 months	9	10
6 months	7	7.8
Time of hospitalization in days
1 – 7	53	58.9
> 7	37	41.1
Sensitive condition
Pneumonia	30	33.3
Gastroenteritis	13	14.4
Upper respiratory tract infections	16	17.8
Other sensitive conditions^α	31	34.5
Risk for developmental delay^£
Yes	20	22.2
No	70	77.8
Behavioral changes
Yes	27	30
No	63	70

Variables	n (n=90)	%
Ethnicity
White	25	27.8
Black or brown	65	72.2
Age in years
18 – 24	39	43.3
25 – 44	51	56.7
Years of schooling
< 12	18	20
≥ 12	72	80
Marital Status
Single/ Divorced	20	22.2
Married/ Unmarried Partner	70	77.8
Number of children
1	41	45.6
2	34	37.8
3 or more	15	16.6
Religion
Catholic	41	45.6
Evangelical	32	35.5
No religion	17	18.9
Area of living
Urban	64	71.1
Rural	26	28.9
Waste destination
Collected	81	90
Non-collected	9	10
Basic sanitation
Yes	72	80
No	18	20
Number of rooms in the household
1 – 4	25	27.8
5 – 8	65	72.2
Number of inhabitants in the household
2 – 3	38	42.2
4 – 5	46	51.1
>5	6	6.7
Family income
< 1 minimum wage	13	14.4
1 minimum wage	57	63.4
>1 minimum wage	20	22.2
Social benefit
Yes	43	47.8
No	47	52.2
Parenting practices of reading
Yes	13	14.4
No	77	85.6
Food insecurity
Yes	21	23.3
No	69	76.7

Variables	Sample (n=90)	Risk of developmental delay				PR (95%CI)	p
Variables	Sample (n=90)	Yes	%	No	%	PR (95%CI)	p
Sex							0.500*
Male	48	12	25.0	36	75.0	1.31 (0.59 – 2.90)
Female	42	8	19.0	34	81.0	1
Ethnicity							1*
White	27	6	22.2	21	77.8	1
Black or Brown	63	14	22.2	49	77.8	1 (0.43 – 2.32)
Age (months)							0.287#
2 – 36	78	19	24.4	59	75.6	2.92 (0.43 – 19.87)
37 – 66	12	1	8.3	11	91.7	1
Birth weight (g)							0.036²
<2.500	22	9	40.9	13	59.1	2.53 (1.21 – 5.30)
≥2.500	68	11	16.2	57	83.8	1
Exclusive breastfeeding							0.167#
No	28	10	35.7	18	64.3	2.31 (0.70 – 7.58)
Up to 2 months	46	7	15.2	39	84.8	0.53 (0.14 – 2.06)
3 – 5 months	9	1	11.1	8	88.9	0.39 (0.04 – 3.47)
6 months	7	2	28.6	5	71.4	1
Read to the children							0.475#
Yes	13	4	30.8	9	69.2	1.49 (0.59 – 3.73)
No	77	16	20.8	61	79.2	1
Sensitive condition							0.043#
Pneumonia	30	10	33.3	20	66.7	2.59 (0.91 – 7.35)
Gastroenteritis	13	5	38.5	8	61.5	2.99 (0.95 – 9.36)
Upper respiratory tract infections	16	1	6.3	15	93.8	0.48 (0.06 – 3.99)
Other sensitive conditions	31	4	12.9	27	87.1	1
Time of hospitalization (days)							0.910*
1 – 7	53	12	22.6	41	77.4	1.05 (0.48 – 2.31)
> 7	37	8	21.6	29	78.4	1
Behavioral changes							0.001*
Yes	27	12	44.4	15	55.6	3.5 (1.62 – 7.59)
No	63	8	12.7	55	87.3	1

Variable	Sample (n=90)	Risk of developmental delay				PR (95%CI)	p
Variable	Sample (n=90)	Yes	%	No	%	PR (95%CI)	p
Ethnicity							0.380*
White	25	4	16.0	21	84.0	1
Black or Brown	65	16	24.6	49	75.4	1.54 (0.57 – 4.16)
Age (years)							0.500*
18 – 24	39	10	25.6	29	74.4	1.31 (0.61 – 2.83)
25 – 44	51	10	19.6	41	80.4	1
Years of schooling							0.207#
< 12	18	6	33.3	12	66.7	1.71 (0.77 – 3.83)
≥ 12	72	14	19.4	58	80.6	1
Marital status							0.063#
Single/ Divorced	70	12	17.1	58	82.9	1
Married/ Unmarried Partner	20	8	40.0	12	60.0	2.33 (1.11 – 4.91)
Number of children							0.025*
1	41	9	22	32	78.0	1
2	34	4	11.8	30	88.2	0.54 (0.18 – 1.59)
3 or more	15	7	46.7	8	53.3	2.11 (1.45 – 3.91)
Religion							0.109*
Catholic	41	7	17.1	34	82.9	1.45 (0.34 – 6.29)
Evangelical	32	11	34.4	21	65.6	2.93 (0.73 – 11.7)
No religion	17	2	11.8	15	88.2	1
Area of living							0.071*
Urban	64	11	17.2	53	82.8	1
Rural	26	9	34.6	17	65.4	2.01 (0.95 – 4.28)
Waste destination							0.106#
Collected	81	16	19.8	65	80.2	1
Non-collected	9	4	44.4	5	55.6	2.25 (0.96 – 5.28)
Basic sanitation							0.030#
Yes	72	11	15.3	61	84.7	1
No	18	9	50.0	9	50	3.27 (1.60 – 6.68)
Number of rooms in the household							0.800*
1 – 4	25	6	24.0	19	76	1.11 (0.48 – 2.57)
5 – 8	65	14	21.5	51	78.5	1
Number of inhabitants in the household							0.038#
2 – 3	38	7	18.4	31	81.6	1
4 – 5	46	9	19.6	37	80.4	0.28 (0.11 – 0.66)
>5	6	4	66.7	2	33.3	3.62 (1.51 – 8.70)
Family income							0.290#
< 1 minimum wage	13	4	30.8	9	69.2	3.07 (0.65 – 14.45)
1 minimum wage	57	14	24.6	43	75.4	2.46 (0.61 – 9.87)
>1 minimum wage	20	2	10.0	18	90.0	1
Social benefit							0.024*
Yes	43	14	32.6	29	67.4	2.55 (1.07 – 6.04)
No	47	6	12.8	41	87.2	1
Food insecurity							0.229#
Yes	21	7	33.3	14	66.7	1.77 (0.81 – 3.85)
No	69	13	18.8	56	81.2	1

Factor assessed	PR	95%CI	p*
Number of children
1	1	–	–
2	1.18	1.02 – 1.38	0.032
3 or more	1.03	0.88 – 1.22	0.694
Basic sanitation
Yes	1	–	–
No	1.19	1.03 – 1.37	0.008
Birth weight (g)
<2.500	1.17	1.02 – 1.33	0.026
≥2.500	1	–	–
Behavioral change
Yes	1.14	1.01 – 1.30	0.037
No	1	–	–

[tn1] ^*
Chi-square test for independence;

[tn2] ^#
Fisher’s exact test; PR= Prevalence ratio; 95%CI= 95% confidence interval.

Factors associated with the risk of developmental delay in children under five years of age hospitalized for primary care-sensitive conditions

Abstract