Excess weight and factors associated in preschool of southwest of Bahia

a cross-sectional study involving 664 full-time preschoolers enrolled in public childcare centers in Vitória da Conquista (BA). The excess weight status has been defined according to the BMI/Age index and score Z above +2. The independent variables were grouped into maternal characteristics, socioeconomic, related to children and child care. We conducted multiple logistic regression to assess the association between excess weight and the variables studied.

Results:

a prevalence of excess weight was 5.7 %; 3.9% were overweight and 1.8% were obese. The factors associated with excess weight in children were cesarean delivery (OR: 2.59; IC95%: 1.11; 6.01); being singletons (OR: 3.32; IC95%: 1.44; 7.67); and exclusive breastfeeding of less than 4 months (OR: 2.59; IC95%: 1.12; 5.99).

Conclusions:

the results show that interventions to reduce and/or prevent excess weight should begin prenatally, with promotion of exclusive breastfeeding and natural birth, as well as nutritional advice for mothers with singletons.

Key words:
Child; Preschool; Breast Feeding; Cesarean section; Overweight; Obesity

Variable	N	%	Excess Weight (%)	OR gross	CI95%	p
Mother's age (years)					0.21-1.77	0.36
<20	103	16.6	3.9	0.62
≥20	519	83.4	6.2	1
Matrimonial status					0.24-1.19	0.13
No husband/partner	215	34.1	3.7	0.53
With husband/partner	416	65.9	6.7	1
Number of children					1.25-4.90	0.009
1	175	27.7	9.7	2.47
≥2	456	72.3	4.2	1
Maternal schooling (years)					0.38-2.34	0.91
<8 years of study	112	17.9	5.4	0.95
≥8 years of study	515	82.1	5.6	1
Father´s schooling (years)					0.58-3.69	0.41
<8 years of study	68	13.1	8.8	1.46
≥8 years of study	453	86.9	6.2	1
Family income (minimum					0.86-3.49	0.11
wage)^* * Value in the period of study R$ 510.00 reais.
<1	293	47.0	7.2	1.74
≥1	330	53.0	4.2	1

Variable	N	%	Excess weight (%)	OR gross	CI95%	p
Age (years)					0.32-1.61	0.43
24 \|-36 months	176	26.5	4.5	0.72
36 \| -\| 60 months	488	73.5	6.1	1
Gender					0.49-1.82	0.87
Male	340	51.2	5.6	0.95
Female	324	48.8	5.9	1
Ethnicity					0.44-1.72	0.70
Non-White	370	58.6	5.4	0.87
White	261	41.4	6.1	1
Type of delivery					1.27-4.98	0.008
Cesarean	159	25.3	10.1	2.5
Vaginal	470	74.7	4.3	1
Birth weight (g)					0.21-2.48	0.62
≥4000	23	4.0	4.3	0.73
<4000	545	96.0	6.1	1
Breastfeeding					0.27-3.06	0.88
No	57	9.0	5.3	0.91
Yes	574	91.0	5.7	1
Exclusive breastfeeding					0.98-5.02	0.05
duration (months)
<4	159	37.6	8.8	2.22
≥4	264	62.4	4.2	1

Variable	N	%	Excess weight (%)	OR gross	CI95%	p
Type of day care					0.31-1.27	0.20
Affiliated	276	41.6	4.3	0.63
Municipal	388	58.4	6.7	1
Time of day care (month)					0.22-1.12	0.89
≤12	223	33.9	3.6	0.50
>12	434	66.1	6.9	1
Adequacy of energy intake					0.76-2.81	0.26
>100% recommendation	291	43.8	6.9	1.46
≤100% recommendation	373	56.2	4.8	1
Adequacy of lipids intake					0.58-2.16	0.74
>100% recommendation	297	44.7	6.1	1.12
≤100% recommendation	367	55.3	5.4	1
Adequacy of carbohydrate intake					0.73-2.74	0.31
>100% recommendation	331	49.8	6.6	1.41
≤100% recommendation	333	50.2	4.8	1
Adequacy of protein intake					0.57-2.84	0.55
>100% recommendation	497	74.8	6.0	1.28
≤100% recommendation	167	25.2	4.8	1

Variable	OR gross	CI95%	p
Type of delivery		1.11-6.01	0.03
Cesarean	2.59
Vaginal	1
Number of children		1.44-7.67	0.005
1	3.32
≥2	1
Exclusive beastfeeding duration		1.12-5.99	0.03
(months)
<4	2.59
≥4	1

Instituto de Medicina Integral Prof. Fernando Figueira Rua dos Coelhos, 300. Boa Vista, 50070-550 Recife PE Brasil, Tel./Fax: +55 81 2122-4141 - Recife - PR - Brazil
E-mail: revista@imip.org.br

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[TFN1] ^*
Value in the period of study R$ 510.00 reais.