Prevalence of chronic respiratory diseases and medication use among children and adolescents in Brazil - a population based cross-sectional study

Leal, Lisiane Freitas; Tavares, Noemia Urruth Leão; Borges, Rogério Boff; Mengue, Sotero Serrate; Fagondes, Simone Chaves; Masarwa, Reem; Pizzol, Tatiane da Silva Dal

doi:10.1590/1806-93042022000100003

Lisiane Freitas Leal

Programa de Pós-Graduação em Epidemiologia. Departamento de Epidemiologia. Faculdade de Medicina. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul. Campus Saúde. Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2400. 2º andar. Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. CEP: 90.035-003

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4151-8960

Noemia Urruth Leão Tavares

Departamento de Farmácia. Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde. Universidade de Brasília. Brasília, DF, Brazil

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6180-7527

Rogério Boff Borges

Programa de Pós-Graduação em Epidemiologia. Departamento de Epidemiologia. Faculdade de Medicina. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul. Campus Saúde. Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2400. 2º andar. Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. CEP: 90.035-003

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2548-1889

Sotero Serrate Mengue

Programa de Pós-Graduação em Epidemiologia. Departamento de Epidemiologia. Faculdade de Medicina. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul. Campus Saúde. Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2400. 2º andar. Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. CEP: 90.035-003

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3349-8541

Simone Chaves Fagondes

Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Pneumológicas. Faculdade de Medicina. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul. Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5173-2488

Reem Masarwa

Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health. School of Population and Global Health. Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. McGill University. 2001 McGill College Suite 1200. Montreal, Quebec H3A 1G1, Canada

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3949-3909

Tatiane da Silva Dal Pizzol

Programa de Pós-Graduação em Epidemiologia. Departamento de Epidemiologia. Faculdade de Medicina. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul. Campus Saúde. Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2400. 2º andar. Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. CEP: 90.035-003

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7566-7745

Author’s contribution

Leal LF: Conception, analysis, interpretation of results, writing and approval of the final version of the manuscript. Tavares NUL: Conception, critical review of the intellectual content, writing and approval of the final version of the manuscript. Borges RB: Analysis, critical review of the intellectual content, writing and approval of the final version of the manuscript. Mengue SS: Conception, critical review of the intellectual content, writing and approval of the final version of the manuscript. Fagondes SC: Critical review of the intellectual content, writing and approval of the final version of the manuscript. Masarwa R: Critical review of the intellectual content, writing and approval of the final version of the manuscript. Dal Pizzol TS: Conception, interpretation of results, critical review of the intellectual content, writing and approval of the final version of the manuscript. The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Variables	< 6 years old			6-12 years old			≥≥ 13 years old
Variables	%	CI95%	p^* * - Pearson's chi-square test for independence with Rao Scott adjustment. The percentages were adjusted according to sample weights and post-stratification by age and sex; # Classified according to Critério de Classificação Econômica Brasil 2013 (CCEB 2013 - Brazilian Economic Classification Criterion) of Associação Brasileira de Empresas de Pesquisa (ABEP - Brazilian Association of Survey Companies). Available from: http://www.abep.org;	%	CI95%	p^* * - Pearson's chi-square test for independence with Rao Scott adjustment. The percentages were adjusted according to sample weights and post-stratification by age and sex; # Classified according to Critério de Classificação Econômica Brasil 2013 (CCEB 2013 - Brazilian Economic Classification Criterion) of Associação Brasileira de Empresas de Pesquisa (ABEP - Brazilian Association of Survey Companies). Available from: http://www.abep.org;	%	CI95%	p^* * - Pearson's chi-square test for independence with Rao Scott adjustment. The percentages were adjusted according to sample weights and post-stratification by age and sex; # Classified according to Critério de Classificação Econômica Brasil 2013 (CCEB 2013 - Brazilian Economic Classification Criterion) of Associação Brasileira de Empresas de Pesquisa (ABEP - Brazilian Association of Survey Companies). Available from: http://www.abep.org;
Sex			0.013			0.073			0.347
Male	7.3	5.7-9.3		6.0	4.0-8.9		4.5	2.9-6.9
Female	4.8	3.6-6.3		3.4	2.1-5.6		3.3	2.0-5.4
CCEB#			0.749			0.311			0.585
A/B	5.2	2.8-9.4		5.1	2.7-9.6		4.1	2.0-8.3
C	6.4	4.9-8.2		5.3	3.6-7.8		4.3	2.8-6.6
D/E	6.0	4.5-8.0		3.1	1.7-5.6		2.8	1.4-5.6
Region			< 0.001			0.010			0.004
North	2.9	2.0-4.2		6.5	3.6-11.3		4.0	2.1-7.5
Northeast	4.2	2.6-6.8		1.5	0.5-3.7		1.7	0.6-3.9
Southeast	8.8	6.6-11.5		6.3	3.8-10.4		5.9	3.7-9.4
South	5.3	3.7-7.7		3.8	2.3-6.1		2.2	1.2-4.1
Central-West	5.0	3.6-7.0		5.6	3.3-9.3		2.6	1.3-5.4
Private health insurance^ Missing values: n=10.			0.438			0.031			0.017
Yes	7.1	4.5-11.1		8.4	4.4-15.3		7.6	4.1-13.7
No	5.8	4.7-7.2		3.9	2.7-5.5		3.2	2.1-4.8
Total	6.1	5.0-7.4		4.7	3.4-6.4		3.9	2.8-5.4

Characteristics	Numerator/ Denominator	< 6 years old		6-12 years old		≥≥ 13 years old		p ^* * - Pearson's chi-square test for independence with Rao Scott adjustment. The percentages were adjusted according to sample weights and post-stratification by age and sex.
Characteristics	Numerator/ Denominator	%	CI95%	%	CI95%	%	CI95%
Chronic respiratory disease	410/9,052	6.1	5.0-7.4	4.7	3.4-6.4	3.9	2.8-5.4	0.092
Indication for pharmacological treatment	269/410	74.6	66.0-81.7	56.1	41.0-70.1	62.5	46.6-76.6	0.112
Medication use	176/269	72.6	62.8-80.7	65.5	44.1-82.0	73.6	52.9-87.4	0.729

Pharmacologic class	Total	< 6 years old	6-12 years old	≥≥ 13 years old
Pharmacologic class	%	%	%	%
Short-acting beta-2 agonists inhaler	19.0	36.5	37.5	26.0
Antihistamines	17.2	39.0	30.0	31.0
Inhaled corticosteroids	11.4	32.3	18.3	49.4
Intranasal corticosteroids	11.4	30.4	38.1	31.5
Systemic corticosteroids	7.8	50.0	30.0	20.0
Combination long-acting inhaled beta-2 agonist and corticosteroid inhalers^* * Formoterol as monotherapy reported by a 6-19 years old user, included in this class but not presented here; ¥Herbal medicines included;	7.7	10.1	56.6	32.3
Short-acting anticholinergic agent - ipratropium	7.4	35.2	40.4	24.2
Homeopathic and immunomodulators	3.4	45.1	54.9	-
Short-acting beta-2 agonists systemic - salbutamol£	2.8	32.6	10.8	56.6
Others - Decongestants (topical and systemic)¥	2.7	85.1	14.9	-
Others - Antitussives/expectorants¥	2.5	71.9	12.1	16.0
Others - Oral corticosteroids + combinations	1.8	78.6	-	21.4
Others - Antibiotics	1.8	100	-	-
Antileukotrienes - montelukast	1.2	66.5	33.5	-
Others - Antipyretic / Anti-inflammatory /other combinations to treat symptoms¥	0.8	100.0	-	-
Combination short-acting beta-2 agonists and corticosteroid inhalers - beclomethasone/salbutamol	0.7	60.0	40.0	-
Others - General (not classified above)¥	0.3	100.0	-	-
Fresh plants, teas and homemade products	< 0.1	100.0	-	-

[1] Author’s contribution

Leal LF: Conception, analysis, interpretation of results, writing and approval of the final version of the manuscript. Tavares NUL: Conception, critical review of the intellectual content, writing and approval of the final version of the manuscript. Borges RB: Analysis, critical review of the intellectual content, writing and approval of the final version of the manuscript. Mengue SS: Conception, critical review of the intellectual content, writing and approval of the final version of the manuscript. Fagondes SC: Critical review of the intellectual content, writing and approval of the final version of the manuscript. Masarwa R: Critical review of the intellectual content, writing and approval of the final version of the manuscript. Dal Pizzol TS: Conception, interpretation of results, critical review of the intellectual content, writing and approval of the final version of the manuscript. The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Brasil

Brasil

Prevalence of chronic respiratory diseases and medication use among children and adolescents in Brazil - a population based cross-sectional study

Abstract

Objectives:

Methods:

Results:

Conclusion: