Work and occupational risks of nurses in the multiple organ and tissue removal team

Abstract

Objective  To understand the work of nurses in the organ and tissue removal team and the occupational risks to which they are exposed and to analyze whether the context and working conditions can interfere with the viability of the organ.

Method  This is a qualitative study carried out in a reference hospital in southern Brazil. The nurses who make up the team participated in the research. Data collection took place through interviews via a digital platform. The content analysis method was employed.

Results  During the analyses, three categories emerged: the work of nurses in the Multiple Organ Removal team, the occupational risks that permeate the work and the work context and their impact on the viability of the organ.

Conclusion  The role of the nurse in the Multiple Organ Removal team is important for the effectiveness and safety of transplants, however, in this process, the nurse experiences occupational risks, including those related to travel, bad weather, excessive workload and exposure to biological risks.

Keywords:
Nursing; Tissue and Organ Procurement; Organ Transplantation; Occupational Risks; Occupational Health

Resumo

Objetivo  Conhecer o trabalho dos enfermeiros da equipe de retirada de órgãos e tecidos e os riscos ocupacionais a que estão expostos e analisar se o contexto e as condições de trabalho podem interferir na viabilidade do órgão. Método: Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo realizado em um hospital de referência do Sul do Brasil. Participaram da pesquisa os enfermeiros que compõem a equipe. A coleta de dados ocorreu por meio de entrevistas via plataforma digital. Foi empregado o método de análise de conteúdo.

Resultados  Durante as análises, emergiram três categorias: o trabalho do enfermeiro na equipe da retirada de múltiplos órgãos, os riscos ocupacionais que permeiam o trabalho e o contexto de trabalho e seu impacto na viabilidade do órgão.

Conclusão  O papel do enfermeiro na equipe de retirada de múltiplos órgãos é importante para a efetivação e segurança dos transplantes, porém, nesse processo, o enfermeiro vivencia riscos ocupacionais, incluindo os relacionados ao deslocamento, mau tempo, carga de trabalho excessiva e exposição a riscos biológicos.

Palavras-chave:
Enfermagem; Obtenção de Tecidos e Órgãos; Transplante de Órgãos; Riscos Ocupacionais; Saúde do Trabalhador

Introduction

In Brazil, currently, around 88% of organ transplants are funded by the Brazilian Unified Health System (Sistema Único de Saúde [SUS]). The country is a world reference as the largest public transplant system¹ and, In absolute numbers, is the 4th largest transplant center in the world².

However, in Brazil and around the world, there is a great disproportion between the demand for organs for transplantation and the number of transplants that are actually carried out. For people affected by some advanced diseases, organ transplantation is the only viable therapeutic alternative³. In this context, there are many obstacles related to the donation process, the most frequently cited being: difficulties in learning about brain death, interviews with family members, the clinical maintenance of the potential donor, and medical contraindications⁴.

In this sense, and with a view to organizing this whole process, Brazilian Hospital Institutions with more than 80 beds, whether private, public, or philanthropic, are obliged to have Intra-Hospital Commissions on Organ and Tissue Donation for Transplant (Comissões Intra-Hospitalares de Doação de Órgãos e Tecidos para Transplante [CIHDOTT]), which, in addition to organizing all the logistics necessary for organ procurement, also have the fundamental role of making contact with the families of potential donors⁵. Some of these institutions have a Multiple Organ Procurement Coordination Team (Equipe de Coordenação de Retirada de Múltiplos Órgãos [RMO]), made up of nurses who organize and monitor the logistics of the procedure. These teams must be punctual regarding the time of arrival at the removal sites and the start of surgery, as a delay in the procedure is directly linked to the success of the transplant. In this process, some documentation must be checked, such as documentary evidence of brain death, a donation form signed by the family, and blood typing⁶.

The nurse who works in the RMO team plays a fundamental role in the whole process with the aim of obtaining positive results at the time of the transplant, acting in a care and management capacity⁷. They also play an important role in coordinating the procedure⁸. However, as well as exposing workers to occupational risks that are common in the health sector, this role also exposes them to other specific risks that they face in their day-to-day work, and this is a relevant issue as it can have a direct impact on transplantation⁹.

Occupational risks are factors that can cause negative outcomes for workers, patients, the workplace, and the environment. Moreover, they can be classified into categories, which are: biological, organizational, physical, chemical, and accident risks¹⁰, as well as commuting risks.

In view of the above, the purpose of this article is to understand the work of nurses in the organ and tissue procurement team at a university hospital in the south of the country and the occupational risks to which they are exposed, and to analyze whether the context and working conditions interfere with the viability of the organs to be procured.

Methods

This is a qualitative study. The Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research (COREQ)¹¹ tool was used to direct the construction of the study and guide the methodology. This resource provides the narrator with the means to reconstruct the experiences acquired.

The research was carried out at a university hospital in southern Brazil which has had an organ and tissue removal team linked to the CIHDOTT since 2001. Its work aims to assist in the organ donation/transplant process, improving and standardizing the procurement procedure. The team is currently made up of six nurses who, when called upon, go to the place of removal and procurement with official transportation and are responsible, among other procedures, for transporting the organ. The place of removal varies depending on the availability of organs, and can be in the city, other cities, or even other states.

Data collection took place in December 2020, by means of an interview via a digital platform, with the nurses of the RMO team and lasted approximately one hour and thirty minutes, carried out outside the interviewees’ work shift. The interview was conducted by a member of the research team, a nurse with no ties to the research team, and at the same time some field notes were taken. The interview was recorded and then transcribed in full. The information was identified with the letter N for nurse and followed by the order number.

All nurses on the OMR team who had been working for at least six months at the time of the invitation were invited to take part in the study. All the six nurses from the team participated, and there were no exclusions.

During the interview, participants were asked to talk about the following guiding questions: 1 - What is your job like and how important are nurses in the recruitment process? 2 - What occupational risks are you exposed to when you do your job? 3 - What suggestions do you have for improving work processes? 4 - Can the context and conditions of your work interfere with the viability of the organ(s) to be transplanted?

The data obtained from the interviews was analyzed using content analysis method¹². This analysis consisted of three steps: (i) pre-analysis, (ii) exploration of the material, and (iii) treatment of the results obtained and interpretation.

The first step is the organization phase, in which a work scheme is established with well-defined procedures, involving reading and first contact with the documents that were submitted to analysis, formulation of hypotheses, and objectives, which guided the interpretation and preparation of the material. The period of exploring the material consisted of categorizing it, helping us to understand what lies behind the reports. The results obtained were interpreted by means of inference, which is a type of controlled interpretation that means carrying out a logical operation by which a proposition is accepted because of its connection with other propositions already accepted as true¹².

Ethical considerations

This study complied with ethical precepts, following the guidelines and standards for research involving human beings set out in Resolution N^o. 466/2012¹³. The research protocol was approved on June 3, 2020, by the Research Ethics Committee of the Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, CAEE No. 31641020.6.0000.5327. The risks foreseen in the study were related to possible discomfort when answering the interview and participation in the data collection of this study was voluntary, with the right of the participant to withdraw from the study at any time. Participants were invited to take part in the research and, once they had accepted, signed the Free and Informed Consent Form virtually.

Results

Six nurses working in the multiple organ removal team were interviewed. Three thematic categories emerged from these interviews: the work of nurses in the RMO team, the occupational risks that permeate their work, and the work context and its impact on organ viability.

The work of nurses in the RMO team

Several reports emerged for this category, for example, how the routine outside of direct patient care is carried out by the team’s nurses, which includes contact with the transplant center and the operating room, permeating the necessary communication with the multi-professional team. In addition, the nurse who works on the team is also responsible for the logistics of the procedure, which includes organizing transport, the city of the transplant, the hospital and the schedules, as well as checking documentation, registration of entry, surgical incision, clamping of the aorta, beginning and end of organ perfusion and end of RMO, organization of the operating room, proper storage of the organ, and time control in order to keep it intact. Other duties also include administering prophylactic antibiotics, collecting blood, identifying biological materials, and transporting the organ to the recipient.

In this context, the role of the nurse is considered fundamental to the success of organ procurement and viability, in terms of carrying out the procedure properly, as can be seen from the following statements:

I think the nurse is fundamental, because they make all the contacts and contacts the center, the operating room, the team, they inform the operating room about the condition of the organ. How long it takes to get there and everything else (N 4).

Showing the role that nursing plays in this, because a lot of people don’t even know that this exists, that nurses take part, and I think that with the work of nursing we can guarantee that the process will be correct (N 1).

We review all the legislation, we review the patient’s identification, we collect the tests, they [the staff at the removal site] don’t have to worry, because sometimes it’s a ward that’s never done this kind of procedure, they don’t know what they have to do... so we’re there to organize everything (N 5).

Among the nurses interviewed, the relevance of the professional’s role within the RMO team and their prominence within the institution was also reported.

I think it’s a group that will always exist... I think that within the hospital, the nursing team has already occupied a space within this work. I think there will always be nurses in the procurement area, because our work is recognized (N 3).

The reports from the interviews also showed that interpersonal communication goes through some difficulties, such as the impertinence of some members of the multi-professional team, personal characteristics in coping with situations involving the work routine, and the dynamics of contact involving the transplant center.

I try to interact... and the other thing is communication, we’re always calling the ward, to talk to the nurses who work in our ward, to tell them how the surgery is going, and the same thing with the center, to see what the logistics are (N 3).

Sometimes, communication between the center and the team, which sometimes notifies us at very short notice (N 5).

So, sometimes, you’ll get, for example, a surgeon who won’t be in the best mood, right? And there are people who are more insecure. So we have that too (N 2).

Occupational risks that permeate the job

The work of the nurse in the RMO team is permeated by occupational risks, which are different from those commonly present in the in-hospital environment, among which the following can be highlighted: atypical working hours (night shifts, unscheduled shifts and extended day shifts), night shifts to the hospital to organize the materials to be taken to the removal institution because they imply risks, especially in municipalities with high rates of urban violence, impact on the quality of sleep, and heavy loads.

The participants in the study listed some of the risky situations associated with their work, especially when it comes to commuting during the work routine, as it often involves air travel and bad weather, which causes fear and insecurity. The following statements highlight the concerns that the nurses interviewed experience:

And then you have to get on a plane and go, I’ll tell you what worries me the most is having a storm and having to get on a plane (N 1).

Another thing that always worries me a lot is transportation, flying, airplanes, helicopters. These are things that make us more insecure, because even in bad weather, sometimes we still travel (N 3).

I’ve already refused to fly, I’ve said “I’m not going, I can see we are in no condition to fly”. Then the pilot said “OK, but see that little gap there?” (N 5).

In this scenario, there were reports that brought to light the insecurity during the journey to be picked up, which can happen at any time of the day or night and any day of the week, and can occur throughout the national territory, generating exhaustion for the professionals who carry out this function.

So we always schedule it for a post-shift, and then, the fatigue, sometimes you’ve had a really bad shift and then you have to keep the phone on, waiting for someone to call you (N 1).

A lot to do with commuting, yes. Even our commute home. Like, I’m called at 3 o’clock in the morning, I’m leaving home at dawn, or I’m coming home at dawn. Even commuting alone in the city is a risk we also face (N 2).

The risks we face with airplanes, bad weather, cars with tired drivers, taxi drivers who aren’t prepared (N 5).

The workers on the RMO team recently have life insurance to carry out their duties, but this does not eliminate the occupational risk of their work activities, although it is an important strategy for repairing and monetizing any damage. The following interviewee talks about the various risks during their commute to work:

Commuting is always a risk. When we commute, we even have insurance, because we go far away, to various places, both in the municipality and in Brazil (N 3).

In addition to the dangers posed by commuting and the excessive workload, there is the threat of biological risks inherent to the functions performed by the nursing team in the operating room.

And even biological [risks], inside an operating room where I’m directly involved in the removal process, when we help the surgeon with a procedure, where I’m responsible for the organ, where I break the ice (N 3).

Because there is a biological risk within the ward. I think it’s all inherent, you know? Inherent to the role of the person who chooses to be in care (N 4).

There is a biological risk too, even though it’s a donor who has all the serologies. Sometimes, there are some positive ones that we already know about in the field we’re dealing with, but it’s biological material that we deal with, blood, spleen fragments, lymph nodes (N 5).

The work context and its impact on organ viability

Throughout the process of organ procurement, transportation, and storage, until the final stage, which culminates in the transplant, there are important processes to make the organ viable. Taking care with the correct storage and the necessary supplies so that nothing interferes with the viability of the organ at the time of transportation is one of these stages, as the following statements show:

Everything has a process, right, the amount of ice I put in, the amount of saline solution, everything influences, so, I need to have the knowledge to be able to do it the right way and make this organ viable for the person who is going to receive it (N 1).

It doesn’t cost me to take an extra 5kg, I’m miles away, which will change the viability of the organ a lot if I don’t take it. Well, then I’ll take extra liters of preservation liquid, because... what if it gets contaminated? I’m going to take, I don’t know, an extra gallon, because I might contaminate it (N 2).

So, when I get to the hospital, I pack all the material I need to do the procurement, that’s our responsibility, right, the perfusion liquids, the sutures, we take everything from the hospital, everything we’re going to need, we even take a surgical tray (N 3).

According to one of the interviewees, there are situations in which there is a lack of basic supplies necessary for the proper storage of the organ at the procurement institution.

So, we even have to think about the amount of ice we’re going to have to take. I’ve already been to a hospital where I asked for more ice and was told: “no, but we don’t have any more ice here” (N 2).

In this scenario, not only is the availability of supplies important, but also the appropriate means of transportation to move the organ, as shown in the following statement:

Then when we talk to the center, we ask for a cab “I need a cab for 4pm, I need a big cab, because my box won’t fit in a small car”... this is part of a safe process, because if I arrive in a small car I can’t put my box in the back seat so that a liver will be shaking all the way (N 3).

Discussion

Working within the RMO team represents an intense and complex journey for the professionals who play their part in caring for life and maintaining it in order to carry out a transplant. In this scenario, nurses make all the necessary contacts to carry out the procedure, always communicating with the transplant center, the operating room, and the teams responsible.

In this context, the Federal Nursing Council, through Resolution n^o. 611/2019, assigns organ and tissue procurement and transplant nurses the activities of planning, executing, coordinating, supervising, and evaluating nursing actions in organ removal and transplantation¹⁴.

According to studies, the activities of the nurse who is part of the organ removal team begin when the transplant center informs the institution of the existence of a potential donor, and the nurse’s role in these teams is essential, corroborating the findings of this study¹⁵,¹⁶.

In this context, some factors can weaken the communication process within the work environment during organ procurement and, regarding weaknesses, we can highlight the difficulty among professionals in developing effective communication¹⁷.

This study also suggests that the role of the nurse within the multiple organ procurement team is of paramount importance to the progress and effectiveness of the surgery, as they are responsible for reviewing all documentation, operating room, and organ conditions and for being aware of procurement and transplant logistics. Corroborating these findings, studies¹⁸,¹⁹ cite that nurses are a fundamental component of the organ and tissue donation process, being responsible for all this organization.

As well as playing a key role in the multiple organ removal team, nursing staff are exposed to several stressful situations in their routine. Among them is the fact that they must work double shifts, leading to periods of physical exhaustion, as they work not only in this team, but also in other areas within the institution. A national study points out that the workplaces of many health professionals are considered inadequate for the development of their activities, which is evidenced by the organizational problems caused by the lack of human resources and excessive working hours²⁰. In addition, when they travel, they use different means of transportation to collect the organ from the most diverse places in the country and, during transportation, they are exposed to different risks, including bad weather. These issues can put them at occupational risk and directly affect the process of collecting the donor and transplanting the organ to the recipient.

Furthermore, there are threats related to contact with biological material, a scenario inherent to the functions performed by the professionals interviewed who work in the operating room, which are always in contact with agents that can be contaminated, such as blood and organ fragments. A Brazilian study reports that healthcare institutions are known to be unhealthy environments for those who work there, and potential causes of acute and chronic illnesses caused by pathological agents such as viruses, fungi, and bacteria²¹.

The nurse who is a member of the organ removal for transplantation team organizes all the material needed to properly package the organs, in order to maintain their quality and integrity and meet any and all needs of the destination hospital.

Concern for proper material organization permeates the work of the interviewees, showing that this is considered an important stage in the process. Theorists on this subject point out that transplant safety is related to the stages of a well-conducted removal, correct packaging, and relevant transportation, and that the nurse is the professional qualified to manage this entire process²².

The logistics of transportation after contacting the center are the responsibility of the procurement nurse. The distance traveled, the conditions of the journey, the supplies needed to preserve the organ, and the appropriate packaging materials are all matters under the responsibility of these professionals and are demonstrated in this study. One study found factors that can make it impossible for a transplant to take place safely, including logistical problems, the mode and means of transportation, routes, delays, and adverse weather conditions⁹. Therefore, unforeseen events can occur during the process and affect the progress of the procedure. The lack of supplies, difficulties in communicating with local teams, and the means of transportation used by the teams are some of the difficulties encountered in this study.

Final considerations

This research has provided insight into the work of nurses in the multiple organ procurement team at a university hospital in the south of the country, which coordinates organ procurement and transplantation, as well as the occupational risks to which these professionals are exposed during their day-to-day work, such as commuting, bad weather, excessive workload, and exposure to biological risks. In addition, it was possible to analyze that the unpredictability of the context and working conditions can directly interfere with the viability of the organ and the effectiveness of the transplant. It was possible to see that the reality of the group’s day-to-day work involves everything from organizing the documents needed to carry out the surgery, through organ harvesting to carrying out the procedure.

Based on the study, it can be concluded that the professional nurse is a fundamental element in the process of obtaining tissues and organs and is involved in many tasks to make transplants effective and safe. In this way, the research was fully justified by giving visibility to this process and discussing important aspects related to organ donation and viability and the occupational risks to which nursing professionals are subjected.

The study’s limitation was that it was carried out in a single hospital, since the contexts are different in the various territories. It is suggested that further studies be carried out in other realities for future comparison and improvement of the work process, as they may bring other elements of a little-known reality.

References

• ¹ Ministério da Saúde (BR). Sistema Nacional de Transplantes. Brasília, DF: Ministério da Saúde; 2025 [citado 11 mar 2025]. Disponível em: https://www.gov.br/saude/pt-br/composicao/saes/snt/transplantes
  » https://www.gov.br/saude/pt-br/composicao/saes/snt/transplantes
• ² Global Observatory on Donation and Transplantation. Soma do transplante: rim+coração+pulmão+fígado+pâncreas+intestino delgado; c2023 [citado 11 mar 2025]. Disponível em: https://www.transplant-observatory.org/data-charts-and-tables/chart/
  » https://www.transplant-observatory.org/data-charts-and-tables/chart/
• ³ Roza BA, Schirmer J, organizadores. Boas práticas e apoio decisório para o processo de doação e transplantes de órgãos, tecidos e células humanos. Brasília, DF: Anvisa; 2023 [citado 06 ago 2024]. Disponível em: https://www.gov.br/anvisa/pt-br/centraisdeconteudo/publicacoes/monitoramento/biovigilancia/livro-biovigilancia-2.pdf
  » https://www.gov.br/anvisa/pt-br/centraisdeconteudo/publicacoes/monitoramento/biovigilancia/livro-biovigilancia-2.pdf
• ⁴ Flores CM, Silva RM, Tamiozzo J, Centenaro AP, Silva DM, Zamberlan C, et al. Care for potential braindead organ donors in an adult emergency room: a convergent care perspective. Texto Contexto Enferm. 2023;32:e20230032. https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-265x-tce-2023-0032pt
  » https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-265x-tce-2023-0032pt
• ⁵ Ministério da Saúde (BR). Portaria Nº 1.752, de 23 de setembro de 2005. Determina a constituição de Comissão Intra-Hospitalar de Doação de Órgãos e Tecidos para Transplante em todos os hospitais públicos, privados e filantrópicos com mais de 80 leitos. Diário Oficial União [Internet]; 2005 [citado 06 ago 2024]. Disponível em: https://bvsms.saude.gov.br/bvs/saudelegis/gm/2005/prt1752_23_09_2005.html
  » https://bvsms.saude.gov.br/bvs/saudelegis/gm/2005/prt1752_23_09_2005.html
• ⁶ Brasil. Conselho Federal de Medicina. Resolução Nº 2.173, de 23 de novembro de 2017. Define os critérios do diagnóstico de morte encefálica. Diário Oficial União. 2017 [citado 06 ago 2024] Disponível em: https://saude.rs.gov.br/upload/arquivos/carga20171205/19140504-resolucao-do-conselho-federal-de-medicina-2173-2017.pdf
  » https://saude.rs.gov.br/upload/arquivos/carga20171205/19140504-resolucao-do-conselho-federal-de-medicina-2173-2017.pdf
• ⁷ Oliveira JC, Oliveira LA, Santos LN, Silva CR. Coordenação da sala cirúrgica na captação de órgãos: uma análise do papel do enfermeiro. BIUS -Boletim Informativo Unimotrisaúde em Sociogerontologia. 2023 [citado 11 mar 2025]; 37(31):1-13. Disponível em: https://periodicos.ufam.edu.br/index.php/BIUS/article/view/12033
  » https://periodicos.ufam.edu.br/index.php/BIUS/article/view/12033
• ⁸ Marek FA, Silveira JT, Schöninger N, Pereira AR, Wilsmann J, Glanzner CH, et al. O trabalho do enfermeiro na equipe de retirada de múltiplos órgãos para transplantes. Ponta Grossa: Atena; 2020 [cited 11 mar 2025]. Disponível em: https://atenaeditora.com.br/catalogo/post/o-trabalho-do-enfermeiro-na-equipe-de-retirada-de-multiplos-orgaos-para-transplantes
  » https://atenaeditora.com.br/catalogo/post/o-trabalho-do-enfermeiro-na-equipe-de-retirada-de-multiplos-orgaos-para-transplantes
• ⁹ Lima ER, Heis RM. Análise dos processos logísticos do transporte aéreo de órgãos no Estado de Santa Catarina. R Bras Av Civil Ciencias Aeron. 2021;1(2):33-62. [citado 06 ago 2024]. Disponível em: https://rbaccia.emnuvens.com.br/revista/article/view/24
  » https://rbaccia.emnuvens.com.br/revista/article/view/24
• ¹⁰ Rodrigues PP, Pinho PT, Melo ME. Riscos ocupacionais: identificação e prevenção na percepção de profissionais do setor de urgência e emergência. Rev Interdisc Encontro Ciencias. 2020;3(3):1498-512. Disponível em: https://riec.univs.edu.br/index.php/riec/article/view/188
  » https://riec.univs.edu.br/index.php/riec/article/view/188
• ¹¹ Souza VR, Marziale MH, Silva GT, Nascimento PL. Translation and validation into Brazilian Portuguese and assessment of the COREQ checklist. Acta Paul Enferm. 2021;34:eAPE02631. https://doi.org/10.37689/acta-ape/2021AO02631
  » https://doi.org/10.37689/acta-ape/2021AO02631
• ¹² Bardin L. Reto LA, Pinheiro A, tradutor. Análise de conteúdo. Volume 10. São Paulo: Edições; 2011. 118 pp.
• ¹³ Ministério da Saúde (BR). Conselho Nacional de Saúde. Resolução n°466, de 12 de dezembro de 2012. Aprova as seguintes diretrizes e normas regulamentadoras de pesquisas envolvendo seres humanos; Revoga as (RES. 196/96); (RES. 303/00); (RES. 404/08). Diário Oficial União. 2013 [citado 06 ago 2024]. Disponível em: https://bvsms.saude.gov.br/bvs/saudelegis/cns/2013/res0466_12_12_2012.html
  » https://bvsms.saude.gov.br/bvs/saudelegis/cns/2013/res0466_12_12_2012.html
• ¹⁴ Conselho Federal de Enfermagem. Resolução nº 611/2019 revogada pela resolução COFEN nº 710 de 2022. Atualiza a normatização referente à atuação da Equipe de Enfermagem no processo de doação de órgãos e tecidos para transplante, e dá outras providências. Diário Oficial União. 2019 [citado 06 ago 2024]. Disponível em: https://www.cofen.gov.br/resolucao-cofen-no-611-2019/
  » https://www.cofen.gov.br/resolucao-cofen-no-611-2019/
• ¹⁵ Santos RL, Magalhães AL, Knihs NS, Silva EL, Pessoa JL, Souza RS. Atuação do enfermeiro na doação e transplante de órgãos: revisão integrativa de literatura. Rev Recien. 2021;11(36):30-42. https://doi.org/10.24276/rrecien2021.11.36.30-42
  » https://doi.org/10.24276/rrecien2021.11.36.30-42
• ¹⁶ Silva KR, Carvalho EA, Faria SM, Resende CR. O processo de trabalho do enfermeiro em cirurgias de remoção de órgãos sólidos para transplante. Rev Admin Hosp Inov Saude. 2021;18(1):76-93. https://doi.org/10.21450/rahis.v18i1.6598
  » https://doi.org/10.21450/rahis.v18i1.6598
• ¹⁷ Fernandes RV, Silva LA, Higashi GD, Soder RF, Herr GE, Klassmann JC. Transplante de órgãos na perspectiva da comissão intra-hospitalar de doação de órgãos e tecidos. Braz J Hea Rev. 2020;5(3):12116-28. https://doi.org/10.34119/bjhrv3n5-059
  » https://doi.org/10.34119/bjhrv3n5-059
• ¹⁸ Figueiredo CA, Pergola-Marconato AM, Saidel MG. Nursing team and organ donation: an integrative literature review. Rev Bioet. 2020;28(1):76-82. https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-80422020281369
  » https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-80422020281369
• ¹⁹ Tolfo F, Siqueira HC, Scarton J, Cezar-Vaz MR, Santos JL, Rodrigues ST, et al. Obtaining tissues and organs: empowering actions of nurses in the light of ecosystem thinking. Rev Bras Enferm. 2021 May;74(2):e20200983. https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2020-0983
  » https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2020-0983
• ²⁰ Silva RP, Valente GS, Camacho AC. Risk management in the scope of nursing professionals in the hospital setting. Rev Bras Enferm. 2020;73(6):e20190303. https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2019-0303
  » https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2019-0303
• ²¹ Braga JA. Administradores diante dos riscos ocupacionais que envolvem as atividades da equipe de enfermagem no ambiente hospitalar. Revista PubSaúde. 2020;3:1-14. https://doi.org/10.31533/pubsaude3.a021
  » https://doi.org/10.31533/pubsaude3.a021
• ²² Paim SM, Knihs NS, Pessoa JL, Magalhães AL, Wachholz LF, Treviso P. Biovigilance in the process of organ and tissue donation during the pandemic: challenges for nurses. Esc Anna Nery. 2020;25:e20210086. https://doi.org/10.1590/2177-9465-ean-2021-0086
  » https://doi.org/10.1590/2177-9465-ean-2021-0086

• Information about academic work:
  Article based on the conclusion work of the Integrated and Multiprofessional Residency and in Professional Health Area of the Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, entitled “O trabalho da equipe de retirada de múltiplos órgãos e tecidos e os riscos ocupacionais” (The work of the multiple organ and tissue removal team and occupational risks), presented by Ana Paula Gravina Azevedo, on December 10, 2021, as a requirement for obtaining the title of nurse specialist in Comprehensive Care for the Adult Surgical Patient.
• Data availability:
  The authors declare that, as there is information from professionals who make up the team, the data set that supports the results of this study is available on request from the author Cecília Helena Glanzner.
• Presentation at a scientific event:
  The authors declare that the study was presented as an abstract at the 42nd Scientific Week of the Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre.
• Funding:
  The authors declare that the study was not subsidized.

Edited by

• Editor-in-Chief:
  Leila Posenato Garcia

Data availability

The authors declare that, as there is information from professionals who make up the team, the data set that supports the results of this study is available on request from the author Cecília Helena Glanzner.

Publication Dates

• Publication in this collection
  10 Oct 2025
• Date of issue
  2025

History

• Received
  19 Aug 2024
• Reviewed
  24 Mar 2025
• Accepted
  17 June 2025