From ProfSMoc to ProfSMinas, through the COVID-19 pandemic: life, work and health of basic education teachers in Minas Gerais, Brazil

Barbosa, Rose Elizabeth Cabral; Fonseca, Giovanni Campos; Rocha, Danielle Ferreira; Jesus, Lucileia Soares de; Silva, Nayra Suze Souza e; Silva, Rosângela Ramos Veloso; Paula, Alfredo Maurício Batista de; Magalhães, Tatiana Almeida de; Pinho, Lucineia de; Haikal, Desirée Sant’Ana

doi:10.1590/2317-6369/20024pt2025v50e26

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Review article • Rev. bras. saúde ocup. 50 • 2025 • https://doi.org/10.1590/2317-6369/20024en2025v50e26 linkcopy

From ProfSMoc to ProfSMinas, through the COVID-19 pandemic: life, work and health of basic education teachers in Minas Gerais, Brazil

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

Introduction Teachers’ living, working, and health conditions have been widely researched in recent decades.

Objective To present a set of articles published within the scope of three research projects focusing on schoolteachers of state public schools of Minas Gerais, Brazil; and to analyze the health situation, habits, and behaviors of these teachers, identifying associations with teaching work.

Methods This is a narrative review study of the articles published until July 2024.

Results A total of 52 articles published in 37 different journals were identified. Regarding health status, the following aspects stood out: overweight/obesity; self-reported morbidities; use of medications; and COVID-19. Regarding habits and behaviors, the following topics were investigated: physical and leisure activities; consumption of water, fruits, vegetables, and legumes; time spent on screens; alcohol consumption; smoking, and hours of sleep. Statistical associations were found between aspects of teaching work, such as longer weekly working hours, seniority in the profession, difficulties with remote work during the pandemic, job dissatisfaction, and symptoms of mental and vocal problems.

Conclusion The reviewed studies provide a comprehensive and in-depth portrayal of the health and working conditions of teachers in basic education.

Keywords:
Schoolteachers; Elementary Education; Worker Health; Epidemiological Surveys

Blocks	Questions*
Sociodemographic profile	Age, gender, self-reported skin color, marital status, and children
Socio-economic profile	Monthly family income, number of residents in the household, and use of health services Criterion Classification Brazil¹³
Education/qualification	Schooling and degree area
Occupational profile	Length of time working as a teacher, school system(s) in which they worked, work shifts, weekly working hours, employment relationship, other paid activity, level(s) of education in which they worked and subject(s) they taught
Job satisfaction	Negative situations at work (violence, indiscipline, overcrowding, infrastructure and material resources, insecurity, lack of training, lack of collaboration from school staff and management, salary, and lack of support from students’ families)
	Job satisfaction and intention to change profession
	Burnout syndrome¹⁴
Self-perception of health	Classification of health status, need for medical consultation, satisfaction with body image, self-assessment of oral health, and need for dental consultation
Health/disease profile	Last medical and dental appointments, diagnosis and use of medication, presence of vocal alterations
	Presence, absence from work, and/or hospitalization due to health problems in the previous three years
	Regular health monitoring, place (health network) of monitoring, and dengue infection
	Leave from work due to occupational stress, depression, or anxiety and accidents at work
	Self-medication
Depression	Beck depression inventory¹⁵
Stress	Adult stress symptom inventory¹⁶
Women’s health	Pregnancy, gestational diabetes and hypertension, eclampsia, children under 1 year old, breastfeeding, menopause, Pap smears, mammography, and breast self-examination
Men’s health	Rectal examination
Tobacco and alcohol consumption	Presence of habits and quantities consumed¹⁷
Food consumption	Frequency of consumption of vegetables, fruits, and processed foods¹⁷
Physical and leisure activity	International Physical Activity Questionnaire¹⁸
Physical and leisure activity	Public place to do activities, active commuting, and frequency of leisure activities
Lifestyle habits	Hours of sleep and sitting time¹⁷
Lifestyle	Fantastic lifestyle¹⁹
Quality of life	WHOQOL-bref²⁰
Social capital	Integrated questionnaire to measure social capital²¹
Internet access	Internet Addiction Test²²

Blocks	Questions*
Characterization of the school	Name of school, city and census area (urban or rural)
Demographic and socioeconomic characteristics	Gender, age, skin color, family income, schooling, marital status, number of children, and housing characteristics
Work characteristics	Length of time working, weekly working hours, teaching level, subject(s) taught, employment relationship, other paid activity, and job satisfaction²³
Remote work	Type of work, digital tools used, work overload during the pandemic, difficulties faced, mastery of technologies, availability of computers and internet quality at home, participation in training courses for remote teaching, and student access to remote classes
COVID-19	Risk group, flu-like symptoms, COVID-19 test, family members or friends have developed severe symptoms or died from the disease, adherence to social distancing, changes in the volume or type of housework²⁴
Fear of COVID-19	Fear of COVID-19 scale²⁵
Health situation during the pandemic	Self-assessment of health and quality of life, presence of chronic back or spine problems, change in intensity or onset of back pain, seeking health care, satisfaction with care received, changes in sleep, presence of feelings of sadness or anxiety, adherence to drug treatments, self-medication, use of medication for relaxation, sleep, or stress/anxiety/depression, and personal care²⁴
Family life during the pandemic	Length of time living with family members, fights, alcohol consumption and mental health problems among family members, domestic violence, and sexual harassment
Habits and behaviors during the pandemic	Cigarette and alcohol consumption, diet, weight gain, physical and leisure activities, screen time (TV, tablet, and computer)²⁴

Blocks	Questions*
Sociodemographic characterization	Sex, age, self-declared skin color, marital status, family income, main provider, children under 10, and schooling
Occupational characterization	Employment relationship, length of time working, absence from work, weekly working hours, stage of education, work shift, type of work, other paid activity, and job satisfaction⁴
Psychosocial aspects of work	Job Stress Scale²⁶
COVID-19	Risk group, diagnosis and hospitalization due to the disease, health problem resulting from COVID-19, vaccination, safety in relation to returning to face-to-face activities, use of protective masks
Fear of COVID-19	Fear of COVID-19 scale²⁵
Self-assessment of health and quality of life	Questions extracted and adapted from the 12-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-12)²⁷
Access to dental services	Last visit to the dentist, need for treatment, dental pain, and self-assessment of oral health
Access to dental services	Oral health impact profile²⁸
Health status	Medical diagnosis of diabetes, dyslipidemia, hypertension, heart disease, gastroesophageal reflux, respiratory problems, depression and/or anxiety, pregnancy, weight, height, and presence of back pain
Tobacco and alcohol consumption	Current or previous smoking, frequency and quantity of alcohol consumption
Sleep assessment	Sleep loss due to worries²⁹ and subjective quality³⁰
Vocal health	Vocal warm-up
	Presence of voice disorder³¹
	Voice disorder screening index³²
	Vocal handicap index³³
Nutrition	Scale for assessing diet³⁴
Physical activity	International Physical Activity Questionnaire¹⁸
	Stages of behavior change for physical activity³⁵
	Use of public places for activities, active commuting
Common mental disorders	Self-Reporting Questionnaire³⁶
Excessive smartphone use	Smartphone Addiction Inventory³⁷

Variable	ProfSMoc n (%)	ProfSMoc Minas Stage COVID n (%)	ProfSMinas n (%)
Total respondents	745 (100.0)	15,641 (100.0)	1,907 (100.0)
*Sociodemographic and economic characteristics*
Gender
Female	618 (83.0)	12,817 (81.9)	1,473 (77.2)
Male	127 (17.0)	2,824 (18.1)	434 (22.8)
Age (in years)
25 to 29	107 (14.4)	1,163 (7.4)	88 (4.6)
30 to 39	246 (33.0)	4,685 (30.0)	539 (28.3)
40 to 49	250 (33.6)	5,740 (36.7)	690 (36.2)
50 to 59	124 (16.6)	3,507 (22.4)	483 (25.3)
60 or more	18 (2.4)	546 (3.5)	107 (5.6)
Self-declared skin color
White	222 (29.8)	7,642 (48.9)	1,040 (54.5)
Non-white*	523 (70.2)	7,999 (51.1)	867 (45.5)
Marital status
With partner	465 (62.4)	10,453 (66.8)	1,160 (60.8)
No partner	280 (37.6)	5,188 (33.2)	747 (39.2)
Presence of children
Yes	514 (69.0)	11,350 (72.6)	571 (29.9)^a
No	231 (31.0)	4,291 (27.4)	1,336 (70.1)
Family income (minimum wages)
1 to 3	158 (21.4)	8,195 (52.4)	975 (51.1)
4 to 6	397 (53.9)	6,122 (39.1)	718 (37.7)
7 or more	182 (24.7)	1,324 (8.5)	214 (11.2)
Main provider
Yes	-	7,800 (49.9)	1,142 (59.9)
No	-	7,841 (50.1)	765 (40.1)
Postgraduate
Yes	416 (55.8)	11,807 (75.5)	1,148 (60.2)
No	329 (44.2)	3,834 (24.5)	759 (39.8)
*Work and employment characteristics*
Working time as a teacher (years)
Up to 5	195 (26.2)	2,663 (17.0)	326 (17.1)
6 to 15	287 (38.5)	6,406 (41.0)	803 (42.1)
16 to 25	212 (28.5)	4,867 (31.1)	560 (29.4)
26 or more	51 (6.8)	1,705 (10.9)	218 (11.4)
Weekly working hours
Up to 39	599 (80.4)	13,167 (84.2)	1,253 (65.7)
40 or more	146 (19.6)	2,474 (15.8)	654 (34.3)
Employment relationship
Civil servant	335 (45.0)	8,440 (54.0)	1,096 (57.5)
Contracted/designated	409 (55.0)	7,201 (46.0)	811 (42.5)
Job satisfaction
Yes	617 (82.8)	10,370 (66.3)	1,592 (83.5)
No	128 (17.2)	5,271 (33.7)^b	315 (16.5)
*Health status*
History of COVID-19 infection
No	-	15,456 (98.8)	1,532 (80.3)
Yes	-	185 (1.2)^c	375 (19.7)^d
Fear of COVID-19
Little fear	-	4,364 (27.9)	637 (33.4)
Moderate fear	-	4,446 (28.4)	676 (35.5)
Excessive fear	-	6,831 (43.7)	594 (31.1)

Author (year)	Title	Journal (Qualis/Capes 2017/2020)
ProfSMoc (2016)
CARVALHO et al. (2017)³⁸	Perfil antropométrico e composição corporal de professores da rede estadual de ensino de Montes Claros-MG	Revista Eletrônica Acervo Saúde (B1)
SOUZA E SILVA et al. (2017)³⁹	Morbidade autorreferida entre professores da educação básica da rede pública de ensino	Revista Eletrônica Acervo Saúde (B1)
SANTOS et al. (2018)⁴⁰	Perfil de saúde de professoras da educação básica de escolas públicas de Montes Claros-MG	Unimontes Científica (B1)
CUNHA et al. (2019)⁴¹	Saúde e trabalho docente: compreendendo a relação entre as condições de trabalho, o convívio familiar/social e a saúde de professores	Saúde & Transformação Social (B3)
SILVA et al. (2019)⁴²	Fatores associados à prática de atividade física entre professores do nível básico de ensino	Journal of Physical Education (A2)
MAGALHÃES et al. (2020)⁴³	Perfil laboral, comportamentos e saúde segundo análise de gênero entre professores da rede pública	Unimontes Científica (B1)
MOTA et al. (2020)⁴⁴	Dissatisfaction with body image and associated factors in adult women	Revista de Nutrição (B2)
VIEIRA et al. (2020)⁴⁵	Hipertensão arterial e trabalho entre docentes da educação básica da rede pública de ensino	Ciência & Saúde Coletiva (A1)
ALMEIDA et al. (2021)⁴⁶	Prevalence of overweight/obesity and associated factors among basic education teachers in a city in the north of Minas Gerais, Brazil	Revista de Nutrição (B2)
BARBOSA et al. (2021)⁴⁷	Fatores associados à autoavaliação negativa de saúde entre professores da educação básica	Revista Baiana de Saúde Pública (B2)
MAGALHÃES et al. (2021)⁴⁸	Prevalência e fatores associados à síndrome de burnout entre docentes da rede pública de ensino: estudo de base populacional	Revista Brasileira de Saúde Ocupacional (B1)
CUNHA et al. (2023)⁴⁹	Estilo de vida dos professores da rede pública de ensino	Revista CPAQV (B2)
HAIKAL et al. (2023)⁵⁰	Fatores de risco e proteção para doenças crônicas não transmissíveis entre professores da educação básica	Revista Brasileira de Saúde Ocupacional (B1)
MAGALHÃES et al. (2023)⁵¹	Preditores dos sintomas de estresse em uma amostra de professores da educação básica do ensino público brasileiro	Revista CPAQV (B2)
MAGALHÃES et al. (2023)⁵²	Voice disorders and mental health of basic education teachers in a Brazilian municipality	Journal of Voice (A2)
ROSSI-BARBOSA et al. (2023)⁵³	Prevalência de problemas vocais entre professores da educação básica e sua relação com o nível de atividade física	Cadernos Saúde Coletiva (B1)
VIEIRA et al. (2023)⁵⁴	Inter-relações entre insatisfação com o trabalho docente e sintomas depressivos: modelagem com equações estruturais	Ciência & Saúde Coletiva (A1)
CUNHA et al. (2024)⁵⁵	Vivências, condições de trabalho e processo saúde-doença: retratos da realidade docente	Educação em Revista (A1)
ProfSMoc - MINAS COVID STAGE (2020)
BARBOSA et al. (2021)⁵⁶	Fatores associados à ocorrência de infecção e internação por covid-19 em professores de Minas Gerais em 2020	Revista de APS (B1)
DURÃES et al. (2021)⁵⁷	Food consumption changes among teachers during the COVID-19 pandemic	Obesity Medicine (B1)
LIMA et al. (2021)⁵⁸	Redução da renda familiar dos professores da educação básica de Minas Gerais na pandemia da covid-19	Trabalho, Educação e Saúde (B1)
SILVA et al. (2021)⁵⁹	Active commuting to work among teachers of public basic education of the state of Minas Gerais	Revista Brasileira de Cineantropometria & Desempenho Humano (B1)
SILVA et al. (2021)⁶⁰	Pandemia da covid-19: insatisfação com o trabalho entre professores(as) do estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil	Ciência & Saúde Coletiva (A1)
SOUZA E SILVA et al. (2021)⁶¹	Working conditions, lifestyle and mental health of Brazilian public-school teachers during the COVID-19 pandemic	Psychiatriki (B1)
BARBOSA et al. (2022)⁶²	Back pain occurred due to changes in routinary activities among Brazilian schoolteachers during the COVID-19 pandemic	International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health (A2)
BARBOSA et al. (2022)⁶³	Condições de vida e saúde de professoras da educação básica pública de Minas Gerais provedoras financeiras de suas famílias durante a pandemia de covid-19	Revista Brasileira de Estudos de População (A1)
BASTOS et al. (2022)⁶⁴	Physical education teachers of the basic public education of Minas Gerais in the pandemic of COVID-19: working conditions, health and lifestyle.	Journal of Physical Education (A2)
CUNHA et al. (2022)⁶⁵	Association between lifestyle and emotional aspects of food consumption during the COVID-19 pandemic	Nutrition, Metabolism & Cardiovascular Diseases (B2)
LEÃO et al. (2022)⁶⁶	Consumo de álcool em professores da rede pública estadual durante a pandemia da covid-19	Jornal Brasileiro de Psiquiatria (B3)
LIMA et al. (2022)⁶⁷	Adesão ao isolamento social na pandemia de covid-19 entre professores da educação básica de Minas Gerais, Brasil	Saúde em Debate (A4)
SOUZA E SILVA et al. (2022)⁶⁸	Overweight and associated factors in Basic Education teachers during the COVID-19 pandemic: gender differentials	Revista de Nutrição (B2)
BICALHO et al. (2023)⁶⁹	Violência doméstica em professores da rede pública estadual durante a pandemia da covid-19	Jornal Brasileiro de Psiquiatria (B3)
ELOY et al. (2023)⁷⁰	Adesão ao uso de medicamentos por professores durante a pandemia da covid-19	Unimontes Científica (B1)
ELOY et al. (2023)⁷¹	Prevalência de sinais e sintomas autorrelatados da covid-19 por professores em Minas Gerais	Revista Bionorte (B3)
MAGALHÃES et al. (2023)⁷²	Dificuldades no ensino remoto emergencial da rede pública estadual de Minas Gerais no período pandêmico	Arquivos de Ciências da Saúde da UNIPAR (B1)
SOARES et al. (2023)⁷³	Autorrelato de piora da dor nas costas entre professores de escolas estaduais de Minas Gerais na pandemia da covid-19	Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Trabalho (B3)
SOUZA E SILVA et al. (2023)⁷⁴	Automedicação na pandemia da covid-19: associação com os hábitos de vida entre professores da educação básica	Revista Brasileira de Saúde Ocupacional (B1)
SOUZA E SILVA et al. (2023)⁷⁵	Changes in the frequency of oral hygiene during the COVID-19 pandemic among teachers	Arquivos em Odontologia (B3)
SOUZA E SILVA et al. (2023)⁷⁶	Comportamento sedentário antes e durante a pandemia da covid-19 entre professores da educação básica	Unimontes Científica (B1)
SOUZA E SILVA et al. (2023)⁷⁷	COVID-19 pandemic: leisure practice among Brazilian teachers	Revista Licere (B2)
SOUZA E SILVA et al. (2023)⁷⁸	Prática de atividade física ao ar livre na pandemia da covid-19 entre professores do ensino público	Revista Brasileira de Atividade Física e Saúde (B2)
VIEIRA et al. (2023)⁷⁹	Fatores associados ao estilo de vida dos professores da educação básica estadual na pandemia	Revista Gaúcha de Enfermagem (A3)
AMARAL et al. (2024)⁸⁰	Fatores associados ao aumento do consumo de cigarro entre professores da educação básica na pandemia da covid-19	Revista Contribuciones a Las Ciencias Sociales (A4)
BICALHO et al. (2024)⁸¹	Food consumption and remote working conditions among Brazilian primary schools teachers during the COVID-19 pandemic	Archivos Latinoamericanos de Nutricion (--)
SOUZA E SILVA et al. (2024)⁸²	Inter-relações diretas e indiretas entre os fatores que influenciaram o aumento do peso corporal em professores durante a covid-19: modelagem com equações estruturais	Cuerpo, Cultura y Movimiento (A4)
SOUZA E SILVA et al. (2024)⁸³	Diagnosis of anxiety and depression among teachers during the COVID-19 pandemic	Revista Psicologia e Saúde em Debate (B1)
ProfSMinas (2021)
GUMES et al. (2023)⁸⁴	Factors associated with non-use of dental services during social isolation in the COVID-19 pandemic among teachers of basic education in the state network of Minas Gerais	Arquivos em Odontologia (B3)
MELO et al. (2023)⁸⁵	Vocal handicap and association with physical inactivity and job dissatisfaction among teachers	PsychTech & Health Journal (--)
SOUZA E SILVA et al. (2023)⁸⁶	Physical activity among elderly teachers working in basic education schools	Behavioral Sciences (A3)
LACERDA et al. (2024)⁸⁷	Elevada exposição ao comportamento sedentário observada entre professores da educação básica estadual de Minas Gerais	Revista Eletrônica Acervo Saúde (B1)
LIMA et al. (2024)⁸⁸	Transporte ativo no percurso para o trabalho de professores da rede pública de ensino de Minas Gerais	Perspectivas em Diálogo (B1)
SOUZA et al. (2024)⁸⁹	Níveis de atividade física e estágios de mudança de comportamento de professores da educação básica	Revista Cereus (B1)

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Fundação Jorge Duprat Figueiredo de Segurança e Medicina do Trabalho - FUNDACENTRO Rua Capote Valente, 710 , 05409 002 São Paulo/SP Brasil, Tel: (55 11) 3066-6076 - São Paulo - SP - Brazil
E-mail: rbso@fundacentro.gov.br

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[TFN1001] * Black, brown, yellow, or indigenous

[TFN2001] ^aChildren under 10 years of age living with the respondent; ^bDuring the pandemic; ^cPositive test for COVID-19; ^dDiagnosis of COVID-19 at some point during the pandemic.

[3] Source: Prepared by the authors.