Bee pollen improves productivity of laying Japanese quails

OLIVEIRA, Maria Cristina de; SOUZA, Rodolfo Gomes de; DIAS, Daisa Mirelle Borges; GONÇALVES, Bruno Nunes

doi:10.1590/S1519-99402121352020

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Animal Nutrition • Rev. bras. saúde prod. anim. 21 • 2020 • https://doi.org/10.1590/S1519-99402121352020 copy

Bee pollen improves productivity of laying Japanese quails

Pólen apícola melhora a produtividade de codornas Japonesas em postura

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

SUMMARY

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of bee pollen (BP) on the performance of laying Japanese quails and egg quality. A total of 60 quails were used in a completely randomized experimental design with four treatments (0%, 0.5%, 1%, and 1.5% BP inclusion in diets) and five replicates. At the end of the study, productive performance and egg quality were evaluated; 160 eggs were maintained at different temperatures based on a completely randomized design and factorial arrangement (4 × 2), with four BP levels (cited above) and two storage temperatures (room temperature and refrigeration) for 14 days, totaling eight treatments with four replicates. BP levels did not influence (P> 0.05) feed conversion; however, daily feed intake, laying rate, egg mass, and weight and percentage of albumen increased. Yolk percentage decreased due to the augmentation of BP in diets. There was no effect (P> 0.05) of interaction of storage temperature × BP levels on egg quality, except with regard to the Haugh unit. BP supplementation resulted in higher egg weight and index of yolk and albumen. Refrigerated eggs had better internal quality than normal eggs. BP inclusion in diets of Japanese quails improved bird performance and the quality of fresh and stored eggs.

Keywords:
animal nutrition; additive; bee product; egg production; poultry feeding

	Bee pollen levels (%)
Ingredients (kg)	0.0	0.5	1.0	1.5
Ground corn	49.83	49.83	49.83	49.83
Soybean meal	35.00	35.00	35.00	35.00
Soybean oil	3.88	3.88	3.88	3.88
Limestone	7.76	7.76	7.76	7.76
Dicalcium phosphate	1.13	1.13	1.13	1.13
Common salt	0.35	0.35	0.35	0.35
DL-methionine	0.05	0.05	0.05	0.05
Bee pollen	0.00	0.50	1.00	1.50
Caolin	1.50	1.00	0.50	0.00
Premix min/vit¹ 1 Each kg contain: 1800000 UI vit A, 500000 UI vit D3, 2.000 UI vit E, 360 mg vit K3, 2400 mcg vit B12, 5000 mg niacin, 2000 mg pantothenic acid, 80 mg folic acid, 300 mg thiamine, 100 g choline, 1000 mg riboflavin, 300 mg pyridoxine, 8 mg biotin, 2000 mg Cu, 8000 mg Fe, 200 mg I, 15 g Mn, 60 mg Se, 10000 mg Zn, 20 g methionine, 6000 mg chloro hydroxyquinoline, 500 mg antioxidant.	0.50	0.50	0.50	0.50
Calculated composition² 2 According to Rostagno et al. (2011).
Crude protein (%)	19.75	19.75	19.75	19.75
Metabolizable energy (kcal/kg)	2815	2815	2815	2815
Calcium (%)	3.09	3.09	3.09	3.09
Available phosphorus (%)	0.32	0.32	0.32	0.32
Sodium (%)	0.16	0.16	0.16	0.16
Total lysine (%)	1.10	1.10	1.10	1.10
Total methionine (%)	0.44	0.44	0.44	0.44
Total methionine + cystine (%)	0.78	0.78	0.78	0.78

	Bee pollen levels (%)
Parameters	0.0	0.5	1.0	1.5	SEM	p value
Daily feed intake, g/day	27.01^b	26.86^b	29.44^ab	30.69^a	0.91	0.029
Feed conversion, kg/kg	3.72	3.32	2.93	3.15	0.25	0.206
Feed conversion, kg/dozen	0.49	0.44	0.42	0.42	0.03	0.228
Laying rate, %	66.39^b	72.18^b	85.19^a	87.74^a	3.09	0.001
Egg mass, g/day	7.36^c	8.17^bc	10.13^a	9.82^ab	0.54	0.010

	Bee pollen levels (%)
Parameters	0.0	0.5	1.0	1.5	SEM	p value
Egg
Weight (g)	11.05	11.38	11.54	12.04	0.31	0.203
pH	7.47	7.45	7.55	7.42	0.05	0.278
Specific weight (g/cm³)	1.061	1.063	1.065	1.066	0.001	0.186
Haugh unit	89.49	90.28	91.28	88.77	1.44	0.648
Yolk
Weight (g)	4.00	3.80	3.80	3.20	0.23	0.130
Percentage (%)	36.7^a	33.37^a	32.61^ab	27.81^b	1.74	0.018
Index	0.508	0.517	0.494	0.513	0.013	0.676
Albumen
Weight (g)	6.15b	6.69^b	6.91^ab	7.87^a	0.35	0.022
Percentage (%)	55.54^b	58.80^b	59.81^ab	65.28^a	1.94	0.020
Index	0.146	0.102	0.100	0.098	0.026	0.514
Eggshell
Weight (g)	0.85	0.88	0.87	0.83	0.04	0.694
Percentage (%)	7.69	7.82	7.58	6.92	0.42	0.457
Thickness (mm)	0.220	0.212	0.212	0.216	0.009	0.918

	Egg			Yolk			Albumen
Treatments	Weight (g)	pH	Haugh unit	Weight (g)	Percentage (%)	Index	Weight (g)	Percentage (%)	Index
				Effect of bee pollen levels (%)
0.0	9.8^b	7.4^b	88.7^b	3.4	33.8	0.32^b	5.2^b	52.9	0.09^b
0.5	10.9^a	7.8^a	87.4^b	3.5	31.7	0.34^b	6.0^a	55.0	0.09^b
1.0	10.5^ab	8.0^a	91.6^a	3.2	30.4	0.37^a	6.0^a	56.3	0.11^a
1.5	11.0^a	8.0^a	89.1^ab	3.6	31.4	0.35^ab	6.0^a	55.8	0.10^ab
				Effect of storage temperature
RT	10.5	7.9^a	86.8^b	3.5	31.9	0.27^b	5.9	55.4	0.09^b
UR	10.7	7.6^b	91.6^a	3.3	31.6	0.42^a	5.8	54.5	0.12^a
				Effect of the interaction bee pollen × storage temperature
0.0 × RT	10.5	7.7	83.2^d	3.6	33.8	0.24	5.5	53.5	0.08
0.5 × RT	10.9	7.9	85.9^cd	3.6	32.1	0.27	6.0	55.0	0.08
1.0 × RT	10.5	8.1	89.8^b	3.2	30.6	0.29	6.0	56.9	0.09
1.5 × RT	11.0	8.0	88.1^bc	3.5	31.2	0.26	6.0	56.3	0.09
0.0 × UR	9.1	7.1	94.2^a	3.0	33.2	0.40	4.8	52.2	0.12
0.5 × UR	10.9	7.7	88.9^bc	3.4	31.3	0.41	6.0	55.1	0.09
1.0 × UR	10.4	7.9	93.4^a	3.1	30.2	0.46	5.9	55.6	0.13
1.5 × UR	11.8	7.7	90.2^b	3.7	31.6	0.43	6.5	55.2	0.11

SEM	0.3	0.1	0.7	0.1	0.9	0.01	0.2	0.9	0.04
				p values
BP	0.032	0.013	0.003	0.223	0.097	0.023	0.011	0.938	0.028
ST	0.639	0.021	0.001	0.277	0.303	0.001	0.614	0.733	0.001
BP × ST	0.246	0.551	0.001	0.318	0.642	0.764	0.293	0.897	0.092

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