Silagem de grãos de milho, com adição de soja: estabilidade aeróbia e desempenho de vacas leiteiras

Tres, Tamara Tais; Jobim, Clóves Cabreira; Rossi, Robson Marcelo; Silva, Michele Simili da; Poppi, Edson Carlos

Resumos

Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito do uso de aditivo microbiano e de uréia na composição química, digestibilidade in vitro, no desaparecimento ruminal, e na estabilidade aeróbia de silagens de grãos úmidos de milho com adição de soja crua. Um segundo ensaio foi conduzido com o objetivo de avaliar a substituição do concentrado comercial por silagem de grãos de milho com adição de 20% de soja crua na produção e composição do leite de vacas holandesas. Para a avaliação das silagens foram feitos mini silos de pvc arranjados em delineamento inteiramente casualizado com três tratamentos (silagem de grãos úmidos de milho + 20% de soja crua; silagem de grãos úmidos de milho + 20% de soja crua + inoculante microbiano e silagem de grãos úmidos de milho + 20% de soja crua + 1,4% de ureia) e quatro repetições. As silagens apresentaram-se estáveis no período de 96 horas, com perdas de matéria seca de 3,55, 3,32 e 4,39 para silagens sem aditivos, com a adição de inoculante microbiano e com uréia respectivamente. A adição de uréia diminuiu a taxa de degradação ruminal das silagens de grãos úmidos de milho com adição de soja. Para a avaliação da produção e composição do leite foram utilizadas 20 vacas leiteiras arranjadas em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com dois tratamentos e dez repetições. Verificouse que a silagem de grãos de milho com adição de grãos de soja pode ser usada na alimentação de vacas em lactação sem impacto sobre a produção e composição química do leite, mantendo os níveis de produção.

aditivos; deterioração aeróbia; digestibilidade in vitro; produção de leite; valor nutricional

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of using microbial additive and urea on in vitro digestibility, in ruminal disappearance, and aerobic stability of moisture corn silage with the addition of raw soybeans. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with three treatments (moisture corn grain silage + 20% of raw soybeans, moisture corn silage + 20% of raw soybean + microbial inoculant and moisture corn silage + 20% of raw soybean + 1.4% of urea) and four replications. Silages showed good aerobic stability, within the period of 96 hours, with few losses of dry matter and no consistent variations in the chemical composition. The Urea addition decreased the rate of ruminal degradation of the moisture corn silage with the addition of soybean. A second trial was conducted to evaluate the replacement of commercial concentrate by moisture corn silage with the addition of 20% of crude soybean, 20 dairy cows were used and arranged in a completely randomized design with two treatments and ten replicates. It was found that the moisture corn silage with added soybeans can be used in diets for lactating cows, in replacement of the commercial concentrate, with no impact on the production and chemical composition of the milk, maintaining production levels.

additive; aerobic deterioration; in vitro digestibility; milk production; nutritive value

ASHBELL, G. Basic principles of preservation of forage, by-products and residues as silage or hay Bet Dagan: Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, 1995. 58p.
ASHBELL, G.; WEINBERG, Z.G.; HEN, Y.; FILYA, I.The effects of temperature on the aerobic stability of wheat and corn silages. Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology, v28, p.261-263, 2002.
BENTON, J.R.; KLOPFENSTEIN, T.J.; ERICKSON, G.E. Effects of corn moisture and length of ensiling on dry matter digestibility and rumen degradable protein Lincoln: University of Nebraska/Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports, 2005. p.31‐33.
BORREANI, G.; TABACCO, E. The relationship of silage temperature with the microbiological status of the face of corn silage bunkers. Journal of Dairy Science, v.93, p.2620-2629, 2010.
CHELI, F.; CAMPAGNOLI, A.; ORTO, V.D. Fungal populations and micotoxins in silages: From occurence to analysis. Animal Feed Science and Technology, v.183, p.1-16, 2013.
CHERNEY, J.H.; CHERNEY, D.J.R. Assessing Silage Quality. In: BUXTOU, D.R.; MUCK, R.E.; HARISSON, J.H. (Eds.). Silage Science and Technology Madison, Wisconsin: University of Wisconsin, 2003. p.141-198.
DIAZ, E.; OUELLET, D.R.; AMYOT, A.; BERTHIAUME, R.; THIVIERGE, M.C. Effect of inoculated or ammoniated highmoisture ear corn on finishing performance of steers. Animal Feed Science and Technology, v.182, p.25-32, 2013.
GARCIA, G.A.G.; REIS, R.B.; PEREIRA, A.B.D.; SATURNINO, H.M.; COELHO, S.G. Milk production and composition of dairy cows grazing elephantgrass (Pennisetum purpureum) supplemented with different sources of carbohydrates. Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, v.62, n.4, p.875-882, 2010.
HOFFMAN, P.C.; SHAVER, R.D. Grain quality: A dairy cow's perspective. In: WISCONSIN CROP MANAGEMENT CONFERENCE, 2011, Madison, Wisconsin. Proceedings... Madison, Wisconsin: University of WisconsinExtension, 2011. p.51-73.
HOLDEN, L.A. Composition of methods of in vitro dry matter digestibility for than feeds. Journal of Dairy Science, v.82, n.8, p.1791-1794, 1999.
ÍTAVO, C.C.B.F.; MORAIS, M.G.; ÍTAVO, L.C.V.; SOUZA, A.R.D.L.; DAVY, F.C.A.; ALBERTINI, T.Z.; COSTA, C.; LEMPP, B.; JOBIM, C.C. Effect of microbial inoculation on the fermentative parameters and chemical composition of high moisture corn and sorghum grain silages. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, v.35, n.3, p.655-664, 2006.
JOBIM, C.C.; BRANCO, A.F.; GAI, V.F.; CALIXTO JUNIOR, M.; SANTOS, G.T. Quality of high moisture corn grain silage with addition of raw soybean grains and parameters of partial and total digestibility in cattle. Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinaria e Zootecnia, v.62, n.1, p.107-115, 2010a.
JOBIM, C.C.; CALIXTO JUNIOR, M.; BUMBIERIS JUNOR, V.H.; OLIVEIRA, F.C.L. Chemical composition and quality of conservation of corn (Zea mays L.) grain silages with differents levels of soy grains (Glycine max Merril) Semina: Ciências Agrárias, v.31, n.3, p.773-782, 2010b.
JOBIM, C.C.; LOMBARDI, L.; MACEDO, F.A.F.; BRANCO, A.F. Quality of corn grain silage added with soybean, sunflower or urea. Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira, v.43, n.5, p.649-656, 2008.
JOBIM, C.C.; NUSSIO, L.G.; REIS, R.A.; SCHMIDT, P. Methodological advances in evaluation of preserved forage quality. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, v.36, p.101-119, 2007.
KOC, F.; COSKUNTUNA, L.; OZDUVEN, M.L.; COSKUNTUNA, A.; SAMLI, H.E. The effects of temperature on the silage microbiology and aerobic stability of corn and vetchgrain silages. Acta Agricultura e Scandinavica, v.59, p.239-246, 2009.
KUNG JUNIOR, L. Aerobic Stability of Silage. In: ALFALDA & FORAGE SYMPOSIUM AND CORN/CEREAL SILAGE CONFERENCE, 2010, California. Proceedings... Davis: Plant Sciences Department, University of California, 2010.
KUNG JR, L; RANJIT, N.K. The effect of Lactobacillus buchneri and other additives on the fermentation and aerobic stability of barley silage. Journal of Dairy Science, v.84, p.1149-1155, 2001.
KUNG JUNIOR, L.; SCHMIDT, R.J.; EBLING, E.; HU, W. The effect of Lactobacillus buchneri 40788 on the fermentation and aerobic stability of ground and whole high moisture corn. Journal of Dairy Science, v.90, p.2309-2314, 2007.
KUNG JUNIOR, L.; STOKES, M.R.; LIN, C.J. Silage additives. In: BUXTON, D.R.; MUCK, R.E.; HARRISON, J.H. (Eds.) Silage science and technology Wisconsin: ASA/CSSA/SSSA, 2003. p.305-360.
McDONALD, P.; HENDERSON, A.R.; HERON, S.J.E. Biochemistry of silage 2.ed. Marlow: Chalcombe Publication, 1991. 340p.
MUCK, R.E. Silage microbiology and its control through additives. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, v.39, p.183-191, 2010.
PANICHI, A.; COSTA, C.; ALMEIDA JUNIOR, G.A.; MEIRELLES, P.R.L.; SILVA, M.G.B.; SILVEIRA, J.P.F. Substitution of dry shelled corn by the high moisture corn silage for lactating holstein cows. Archives of Veterinary Science, v.17, n.4, p.83-92, 2012.
PYSERA, B.; PURWIN, C.; LIPINSKI, K.; ANTOSZKIEWICZ, Z.; SEDEREVICIUS, A.; TRAIDARAITE, A.; WYZLIC, I. Performance and composition of fatty acids in milk of cows feed diets with high moisture corno r corn cob mix. Veterinarija ir Zootechnika, v.80, p.70-76, 2012.
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS SYSTEM. SAS/STAT user's guide: statistics Version 6. 4.ed. North Caroline, 1993. v.2, 943p.
SILVA, D.J.; QUEIROZ, A.C. Análise de alimentos: métodos químicos e biológicos 3.ed. Viçosa: Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2006. 235p.
SILVA, M.S.; CARNAÚBA, J.P.; SILVA, I.O.; ANDRADE, E.G.T.; MIRANDA, E.C.; AMORIM, E.P.R. Influence of bacterialenzymatic inoculant on microbiota and nutritional quality of humid maize grain silages. Ciência Animal Brasileira, v.11, n.1, p.62-72, 2010.
SRIVASTAVA, V.K.; MOWAT, D.N. Preservation and processing of whole high moisture shelled corn with ammonia. Canadian Journal of Animal Science, v.60, p.683-688, 1980.
Van SOEST, P.J.; ROBERTSON, J.B. Analysis of forages and fibrous foods Ithaca: Cornell University, 1985. 202p.
VANZANT, E.S.; COCHRAN, R.C; TITGEMEYER, E.C. Standardization of in situ techniques for ruminant feedstuff evaluation. Journal of Animal Science, v.76, p.2717-2729, 1998.
WILKINSON, J.M.; DAVIES, D.R. The aerobic stability of silage: Key findings and recent developments. Grass and Forage Science, v.68, p.1-19, 2012.

Datas de Publicação

Publicação nesta coleção
08 Maio 2014
Data do Fascículo
Mar 2014

Histórico

Recebido
12 Set 2013
Aceito
28 Mar 2014

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

[1] ASHBELL, G. Basic principles of preservation of forage, by-products and residues as silage or hay Bet Dagan: Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, 1995. 58p.

[2] ASHBELL, G.; WEINBERG, Z.G.; HEN, Y.; FILYA, I.The effects of temperature on the aerobic stability of wheat and corn silages. Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology, v28, p.261-263, 2002.

[3] BENTON, J.R.; KLOPFENSTEIN, T.J.; ERICKSON, G.E. Effects of corn moisture and length of ensiling on dry matter digestibility and rumen degradable protein Lincoln: University of Nebraska/Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports, 2005. p.31‐33.

[4] BORREANI, G.; TABACCO, E. The relationship of silage temperature with the microbiological status of the face of corn silage bunkers. Journal of Dairy Science, v.93, p.2620-2629, 2010.

[5] CHELI, F.; CAMPAGNOLI, A.; ORTO, V.D. Fungal populations and micotoxins in silages: From occurence to analysis. Animal Feed Science and Technology, v.183, p.1-16, 2013.

[6] CHERNEY, J.H.; CHERNEY, D.J.R. Assessing Silage Quality. In: BUXTOU, D.R.; MUCK, R.E.; HARISSON, J.H. (Eds.). Silage Science and Technology Madison, Wisconsin: University of Wisconsin, 2003. p.141-198.

[7] DIAZ, E.; OUELLET, D.R.; AMYOT, A.; BERTHIAUME, R.; THIVIERGE, M.C. Effect of inoculated or ammoniated highmoisture ear corn on finishing performance of steers. Animal Feed Science and Technology, v.182, p.25-32, 2013.

[8] GARCIA, G.A.G.; REIS, R.B.; PEREIRA, A.B.D.; SATURNINO, H.M.; COELHO, S.G. Milk production and composition of dairy cows grazing elephantgrass (Pennisetum purpureum) supplemented with different sources of carbohydrates. Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, v.62, n.4, p.875-882, 2010.

[9] HOFFMAN, P.C.; SHAVER, R.D. Grain quality: A dairy cow's perspective. In: WISCONSIN CROP MANAGEMENT CONFERENCE, 2011, Madison, Wisconsin. Proceedings... Madison, Wisconsin: University of WisconsinExtension, 2011. p.51-73.

[10] HOLDEN, L.A. Composition of methods of in vitro dry matter digestibility for than feeds. Journal of Dairy Science, v.82, n.8, p.1791-1794, 1999.

[11] ÍTAVO, C.C.B.F.; MORAIS, M.G.; ÍTAVO, L.C.V.; SOUZA, A.R.D.L.; DAVY, F.C.A.; ALBERTINI, T.Z.; COSTA, C.; LEMPP, B.; JOBIM, C.C. Effect of microbial inoculation on the fermentative parameters and chemical composition of high moisture corn and sorghum grain silages. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, v.35, n.3, p.655-664, 2006.

[12] JOBIM, C.C.; BRANCO, A.F.; GAI, V.F.; CALIXTO JUNIOR, M.; SANTOS, G.T. Quality of high moisture corn grain silage with addition of raw soybean grains and parameters of partial and total digestibility in cattle. Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinaria e Zootecnia, v.62, n.1, p.107-115, 2010a.

[13] JOBIM, C.C.; CALIXTO JUNIOR, M.; BUMBIERIS JUNOR, V.H.; OLIVEIRA, F.C.L. Chemical composition and quality of conservation of corn (Zea mays L.) grain silages with differents levels of soy grains (Glycine max Merril) Semina: Ciências Agrárias, v.31, n.3, p.773-782, 2010b.

[14] JOBIM, C.C.; LOMBARDI, L.; MACEDO, F.A.F.; BRANCO, A.F. Quality of corn grain silage added with soybean, sunflower or urea. Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira, v.43, n.5, p.649-656, 2008.

[15] JOBIM, C.C.; NUSSIO, L.G.; REIS, R.A.; SCHMIDT, P. Methodological advances in evaluation of preserved forage quality. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, v.36, p.101-119, 2007.

[16] KOC, F.; COSKUNTUNA, L.; OZDUVEN, M.L.; COSKUNTUNA, A.; SAMLI, H.E. The effects of temperature on the silage microbiology and aerobic stability of corn and vetchgrain silages. Acta Agricultura e Scandinavica, v.59, p.239-246, 2009.

[17] KUNG JUNIOR, L. Aerobic Stability of Silage. In: ALFALDA & FORAGE SYMPOSIUM AND CORN/CEREAL SILAGE CONFERENCE, 2010, California. Proceedings... Davis: Plant Sciences Department, University of California, 2010.

[18] KUNG JR, L; RANJIT, N.K. The effect of Lactobacillus buchneri and other additives on the fermentation and aerobic stability of barley silage. Journal of Dairy Science, v.84, p.1149-1155, 2001.

[19] KUNG JUNIOR, L.; SCHMIDT, R.J.; EBLING, E.; HU, W. The effect of Lactobacillus buchneri 40788 on the fermentation and aerobic stability of ground and whole high moisture corn. Journal of Dairy Science, v.90, p.2309-2314, 2007.

[20] KUNG JUNIOR, L.; STOKES, M.R.; LIN, C.J. Silage additives. In: BUXTON, D.R.; MUCK, R.E.; HARRISON, J.H. (Eds.) Silage science and technology Wisconsin: ASA/CSSA/SSSA, 2003. p.305-360.

[21] McDONALD, P.; HENDERSON, A.R.; HERON, S.J.E. Biochemistry of silage 2.ed. Marlow: Chalcombe Publication, 1991. 340p.

[22] MUCK, R.E. Silage microbiology and its control through additives. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, v.39, p.183-191, 2010.

[23] PANICHI, A.; COSTA, C.; ALMEIDA JUNIOR, G.A.; MEIRELLES, P.R.L.; SILVA, M.G.B.; SILVEIRA, J.P.F. Substitution of dry shelled corn by the high moisture corn silage for lactating holstein cows. Archives of Veterinary Science, v.17, n.4, p.83-92, 2012.

[24] PYSERA, B.; PURWIN, C.; LIPINSKI, K.; ANTOSZKIEWICZ, Z.; SEDEREVICIUS, A.; TRAIDARAITE, A.; WYZLIC, I. Performance and composition of fatty acids in milk of cows feed diets with high moisture corno r corn cob mix. Veterinarija ir Zootechnika, v.80, p.70-76, 2012.

[25] STATISTICAL ANALYSIS SYSTEM. SAS/STAT user's guide: statistics Version 6. 4.ed. North Caroline, 1993. v.2, 943p.

[26] SILVA, D.J.; QUEIROZ, A.C. Análise de alimentos: métodos químicos e biológicos 3.ed. Viçosa: Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2006. 235p.

[27] SILVA, M.S.; CARNAÚBA, J.P.; SILVA, I.O.; ANDRADE, E.G.T.; MIRANDA, E.C.; AMORIM, E.P.R. Influence of bacterialenzymatic inoculant on microbiota and nutritional quality of humid maize grain silages. Ciência Animal Brasileira, v.11, n.1, p.62-72, 2010.

[28] SRIVASTAVA, V.K.; MOWAT, D.N. Preservation and processing of whole high moisture shelled corn with ammonia. Canadian Journal of Animal Science, v.60, p.683-688, 1980.

[29] Van SOEST, P.J.; ROBERTSON, J.B. Analysis of forages and fibrous foods Ithaca: Cornell University, 1985. 202p.

[30] VANZANT, E.S.; COCHRAN, R.C; TITGEMEYER, E.C. Standardization of in situ techniques for ruminant feedstuff evaluation. Journal of Animal Science, v.76, p.2717-2729, 1998.

[31] WILKINSON, J.M.; DAVIES, D.R. The aerobic stability of silage: Key findings and recent developments. Grass and Forage Science, v.68, p.1-19, 2012.

Brasil

Brasil

Silagem de grãos de milho, com adição de soja: estabilidade aeróbia e desempenho de vacas leiteiras

High moisture corn silage with added soybeans grains: aerobic stability, ruminal disappearance and performance of dairy cows

Resumos

Datas de Publicação

Histórico