Acúmulo e partição de macronutrientes em “Pennisetum purpureum ” cv. Roxo manejado em diferentes idades e épocas de crescimento

Maranhão, Theyson Duarte; Cândido, Magno José Duarte; Soares, Ismail; Lopes, Marcos Neves; Silva, Rafael Rodrigues da; Pompeu, Roberto Cláudio Fernandes Franco; Lacerda, Gabriela Florencio; Sousa, Wesley do Nascimento

doi:10.1590/S1519-99402018000300001

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Revista Brasileira de Saúde e Produção Animal

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Forragicultura e Pastagens • Rev. bras. saúde prod. anim. 19 (3) • Jul-Sep 2018 • https://doi.org/10.1590/S1519-99402018000300001 copiar

Acúmulo e partição de macronutrientes em “Pennisetum purpureum ” cv. Roxo manejado em diferentes idades e épocas de crescimento

Autoria SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

RESUMO

Objetivou-se avaliar a marcha de acúmulo de macronutrientes na folha, colmo e na parte aérea do capim-elefante cv. Roxo. Os tratamentos consistiram em sete idades de crescimento (9; 18; 27; 36; 45; 54 e 63 dias) em três períodos de cultivo (chuvoso, de transição e seco). Adotou-se um delineamento inteiramente casualizado e um arranjo de parcelas subdivididas no tempo, onde as idades foram alocadas nas parcelas e os períodos de cultivo nas subparcelas, com três repetições. Constatou-se interação entre os fatores idade e período de cultivo para os teores e para as taxas de acúmulo diário de N, P, K, Ca, Mg e S nas frações folha, colmo e parte aérea. As marchas de acúmulo diário dos nutrientes N, P, K, Mg e S apresentaram comportamento linear positivo para todos os períodos estudados, todavia com variação na magnitude da resposta entre estes. A taxa de acúmulo diário de Ca na parte aérea do dossel ajustou-se ao modelo linear para os períodos chuvoso e seco e ao modelo quadrático para o período de transição, atingindo máximo de 4,60 kg ha^-1 aos 59,76 dias de crescimento. O acúmulo dos nutrientes no capim-elefante cv. Roxo apresentou a seguinte ordem decrescente: K > N > P > Mg > Ca > S no período chuvoso e de transição enquanto no período seco observou-se a seguinte ordem decrescente: K > P > N > Ca > Mg> S.

Palavras-chave:
marcha de absorção; capimelefante; nutrição mineral

Season	P	K	Ca²⁺	Mg²⁺	Al³⁺	Na⁺	SB	T	OM	V	pH
Season	mg dm^-3		cmol_cdm^-3						g kg^-1	%	H₂O
Rainy	179.0	58.6	3.8	2.3	0.40	0.06	6.3	8.8	14.6	72	5.4
Transition	177.0	39.1	2.5	2.1	0.30	0.04	4.8	6.6	10.0	73	5.9
Dry	165.0	58.7	2.8	2.3	0.40	0.05	5.3	7.1	13.7	75	5.9

Variable	Season			Growth Ages (days)					Mean	CV
Variable	Season	9	18	27	36	45	54	63	Mean	(%)
	g kg^-1
LNC	Rainy	0.48^A	4.27^A	8.33 ^A	20.06^A	15.79^A	15.42^A	16.03^A	11.48	17.56
	Transition	0.66^A	2.07^B	3.38^B	3.34^B	6.36^B	6.26^B	6.87^B	4.13
	Dry	0.72^A	1.64^B	2.49^C	2.70^C	3.25^C	2.73^C	3.66^C	2.45
SNC	Rainy	0.13^A	1.41^A	1.92^A	7.70^A	8.44^A	11.52^A	11.53^A	6.09	19.93
	Transition	0.32^A	0.59^B	0.90^B	0.87^B	2.22^B	2.79^B	3.71^B	1.62
	Dry	0.35^A	0.44^B	0.56^C	0.53^C	1.09^C	0.67^C	0.84^C	0.64
LPC	Rainy	3.07^C	2.30^B	3.19^B	2.59^B	2.13^C	1.72^C	1.74^C	2.39	9.01
	Transition	3.76^B	3.65^A	3.87^A	3.14^A	2.59^A	2.23^B	1.91^B	3.02
	Dry	4.50^A	3.47^A	2.51^C	2.44^C	2.19^B	2.48^A	2.49^A	2.86
SPC	Rainy	6.40	6.48	5.84	5.53	4.55	4.51	4.59	5.25^B	10.32
	Transition	8.47	7.67	6.55	5.98	5.42	5.38	4.52	6.28^A
	Dry	7.88	7.63	7.31	6.09	5.87	5.70	4.89	6.48^A
LKC	Rainy	49.90^B	31.33^C	39.95^B	40.23^B	39.98^C	41.29^B	39.93^B	40.37	10.85
	Transition	48.10^B	56.67^B	40.42^B	46.21^B	44.69^B	40.12^c	35.53^C	44.53
	Dry	104.45^A	110.45^A	59.46^A	55.28^A	52.71^A	42.10^A	43.83^A	66.90
SKC	Rainy	93.83	123.78	100.93	83.43	71.59	98.88	92.74	95.03^A	14.72
	Transition	99.50	100.44	77.51	75.90	84.06	64.88	72.16	82.06^B
	Dry	105.52	110.74	102.55	97.11	95.16	72.43	104.72	98.32^A

Variable	Season	Growth Ages (days)							Mean	CV (%)
Variable	Season	9	18	27	36	45	54	63	Mean	CV (%)
g kg^-1
LCaC	Rainy	1.38^A	1.92^B	2.04^B	0.60^C	1.34^C	1.18^C	1.16^B	1.37	14.16
	Transition	1.31^A	2.57^A	3.20^A	2.51^A	2.22^B	2.03^B	0.88^C	2.10
	Dry	1.00^A	1.35^C	2.18^B	3.03^B	2.71^A	2.28^A	2.4^A	2.14
SCaC	Rainy	0.97^B	1.65^B	1.23^A	0.71^B	0.37^C	0.55^B	0.51^B	0.86	16.33
	Transition	1.63^A	2.05^A	1.28^A	0.65^A	0.87^A	0.61^A	0.36^C	1.06
	Dry	0.66^C	1.10^C	0.83^B	0.76^C	0.49^B	0.61^A	1.10^A	0.79
LMgC	Rainy	2.07^A	2.19^A	2.47^B	1.99^C	1.84^B	1.90^B	1.73^B	2.03	11.22
	Transition	2.27^A	2.09^A	3.34^A	2.40^A	1.17^C	1.90^B	1.24^C	2.06
	Dry	2.18^A	1.89^B	1.85^C	2.17^B	2.71^A	2.08^A	1.87^A	2.11
SMgC	Rainy	2.78^B	3.94^A	4.04^A	2.99^A	2.57^A	2.09^A	2.06^A	2.92	10.84
	Transition	4.17^A	3.83^A	2.89^B	1.86^B	2.25^B	1.83^B	1.08^B	2.56
	Dry	2.30^C	2.08^B	1.91^C	1.85^B	1.90^C	1.79^C	1.72^C	1.94
LSC	Rainy	0.39^A	0.41^B	0.42^B	0.20^B	0.22^A	0.25^B	0.43^A	0.33	13.30
	Transition	0.39^A	0.52^A	0.56^A	0.42^A	0.08^B	0.46^A	0.03^C	0.35
	Dry	0.21^B	0.20^C	0.13^C	0.17^C	0.04^C	0.05^C	0.07^B	0.12
SSC	Rainy	0.23^B	0.41^A	0.33^A	0.44^A	0.53^A	0.37^A	0.77^A	0.44	16.16
	Transition	0.74^A	0.46^A	0.19^B	0.07^B	0.31^B	0.14^B	0.21^C	0.30
	Dry	0.22^B	0.14^B	0.10^C	0.07^B	0.17^C	0.06^C	0.24^B	0.14

Variable	Season	Growth Ages (days)							Equation	R²	CV (%)
Variable	Season	9	18	27	36	45	54	63	Equation	R²	CV (%)
kg ha^-1
LNA	Rainy	0.03^A	2.698^A	11.52^A	79.84^A	56.66^A	74.78^A	76.91^A	$\hat{y}$ = – 16.783 + 1.666 ^* (*) Significant at 0.1% of probability; R2: coefficient of determination; CV: coefficient of variation. x	0.77	45.11
	Transition	0.06^A	0.75^A	2.05^B	2.69^B	14.11^B	16.19^B	21.27^B	$\hat{y}$ = – 7.059 + 0.423 ^* (*) Significant at 0.1% of probability; R2: coefficient of determination; CV: coefficient of variation. x	0.88
	Dry	0.07^A	0.42^A	1.72^B	2.38^B	3.68^C	3.33^C	7.58^C	$\hat{y}$ = 1.592 – 0.120^* (*) Significant at 0.1% of probability; R2: coefficient of determination; CV: coefficient of variation. x	0.90
SNA	Rainy	0.01^A	0.35^A	0.82^A	2269^A	2218^A	55.74^A	56.86^A	$\hat{y}$ = – 20.583 + 1.201^* (*) Significant at 0.1% of probability; R2: coefficient of determination; CV: coefficient of variation. x	0.87	52.81
	Transition	0.02^A	0.09^A	0.30^A	0.35^B	2.77^B	4.14^B	8.68^B	$\hat{y}$ = – 2.887 + 0.145^* (*) Significant at 0.1% of probability; R2: coefficient of determination; CV: coefficient of variation. x	0.75
	Dry	0.02^A	0.04^A	0.16^A	0.21^B	0.65^C	0.39^C	0.53^C	$\hat{y}$ = – 0.103 + 0.011^* (*) Significant at 0.1% of probability; R2: coefficient of determination; CV: coefficient of variation. x	0.74
SHNA	Rainy	0.03^A	3.04^A	12.34^A	76.44^A	78.85^A	130.52^A	133.77^A	$\hat{y}$ = – 41.092 + 2.868^* (*) Significant at 0.1% of probability; R2: coefficient of determination; CV: coefficient of variation. x	0.92	26.03
	Transition	0.08^A	0.84^A	2.36^B	3.05^B	16.88^B	20.33^B	29.95^B	$\hat{y}$ = – 9.947 + 0.568^* (*) Significant at 0.1% of probability; R2: coefficient of determination; CV: coefficient of variation. x	0.87
	Dry	0.09^A	0.46^A	1.87^B	2.59^B	4.33^C	3.73^C	8.11^C	$\hat{y}$ = – 1.696 + 0.131^* (*) Significant at 0.1% of probability; R2: coefficient of determination; CV: coefficient of variation. x	0.87
LPA	Rainy	0.20^A	1.44^A	4.41^A	10.04^A	7.59^A	9.97^A	8.25^A	$\hat{y}$ = – 0.383 + 0.177^* (*) Significant at 0.1% of probability; R2: coefficient of determination; CV: coefficient of variation. x	0.73	22.48
	Transition	0.36^A	1.31^A	2.34^B	2.52^B	5.19^B	5.75^B	5.83^B	$\hat{y}$ = – 0.685 + 0.111^* (*) Significant at 0.1% of probability; R2: coefficient of determination; CV: coefficient of variation. x	0.94
	Dry	0.49^A	1.18^A	1.69^C	2.14^C	2.46^C	3.04^C	5.13^C	$\hat{y}$ = – 0.322 + 0.073^* (*) Significant at 0.1% of probability; R2: coefficient of determination; CV: coefficient of variation. x	0.89
SPA	Rainy	0.15^A	1.58^A	2.51^A	12.82^A	11.94^A	21.81^A	22.42^A	$\hat{y}$ = – 6.221 + 0.463^* (*) Significant at 0.1% of probability; R2: coefficient of determination; CV: coefficient of variation. x	0.92	27.00
	Transition	0.45^A	1.17^A	1.88^A	2.38^B	5.73^B	8.03^B	10.42^B	$\hat{y}$ = – 2.490 + 0.188^* (*) Significant at 0.1% of probability; R2: coefficient of determination; CV: coefficient of variation. x	0.92
	Dry	0.85^A	1.11^A	1.99^A	2.28^B	3.53^C	3.22^C	3.80^C	$\hat{y}$ = – 0.104 + 0.062^* (*) Significant at 0.1% of probability; R2: coefficient of determination; CV: coefficient of variation. x	0.93
SHPA	Rainy	0.35^A	3.02^A	6.92^A	22.86^A	19.53^A	31.78^A	30.68^A	$\hat{y}$ = – 6.603 + 0.640^* (*) Significant at 0.1% of probability; R2: coefficient of determination; CV: coefficient of variation. x	0.91	21.96
	Transition	0.82^A	2.49^A	4.22^B	4.89^B	10.93^B	13.78^B	16.26^B	$\hat{y}$ = – 3.175 + 0.300^* (*) Significant at 0.1% of probability; R2: coefficient of determination; CV: coefficient of variation. x	0.95
	Dry	0.98^A	2.29^A	3.69^B	4.41^B	5.99^C	6.25^C	8.92^C	$\hat{y}$ = – 0.219 + 0.135^* (*) Significant at 0.1% of probability; R2: coefficient of determination; CV: coefficient of variation. x	0.97
LKA	Rainy	3.28^A	19.71^B	55.19^A	160.21^A	143.75^A	200.26^A	191.81^A	$\hat{y}$ = – 34.115 + 4.022^* (*) Significant at 0.1% of probability; R2: coefficient of determination; CV: coefficient of variation. x	0.89	27.82
	Transition	4.55^A	20.52^B	24.49^C	37.15^C	89.74^B	103.54^B	109.07^B	$\hat{y}$ = – 22.257 + 2.162^* (*) Significant at 0.1% of probability; R2: coefficient of determination; CV: coefficient of variation. x	0.92
	Dry	11.36^A	39.39^A	40.25^B	48.21^B	58.72^C	51.39^C	90.48^C	$\hat{y}$ = – 8.570 + 1.110^* (*) Significant at 0.1% of probability; R2: coefficient of determination; CV: coefficient of variation. x	0.82
SKA	Rainy	2.21^A	30.34^A	43.34^A	205.67^A	185.62^A	477.99^A	452.99^A	$\hat{y}$ = – 141.910 +9.489^* (*) Significant at 0.1% of probability; R2: coefficient of determination; CV: coefficient of variation. x	0.87	30.44
	Transition	5.34^A	15.35^A	18.83^B	30.30^B	88.44^B	96.46^B	167.15^B	$\hat{y}$ = – 42.197 + 2.846^* (*) Significant at 0.1% of probability; R2: coefficient of determination; CV: coefficient of variation. x	0.86
	Dry	6.49^A	16.47^A	28.79^B	36.10^B	57.13^C	40.92^C	72.10^C	$\hat{y}$ = – 2.295 + 1.087^* (*) Significant at 0.1% of probability; R2: coefficient of determination; CV: coefficient of variation. x	0.87
SHKA	Rainy	5.49^A	50.06^A	98.52^A	365.88^A	329.37^A	678.25^A	644.81^A	$\hat{y}$ = −176.030 + 3.511^* (*) Significant at 0.1% of probability; R2: coefficient of determination; CV: coefficient of variation. x	0.91	25.26
	Transition	9.89^A	35.87^A	43.32^C	67.44^C	178.17^B	200.00^B	276.22^B	$\hat{y}$ = – 64.454+5.008^* (*) Significant at 0.1% of probability; R2: coefficient of determination; CV: coefficient of variation. x	0.92
	Dry	17.85^A	55.86^A	69.04^B	84.31^B	115.85^C	92.31^C	162.58^C	$\hat{y}$ = – 6.275 + 2.198^* (*) Significant at 0.1% of probability; R2: coefficient of determination; CV: coefficient of variation. x	0.87

Variable	Season	Growth Age (days)							Equation	R²	CV (%)
Variable	Season	9	18	27	36	45	54	63	Equation	R²	CV (%)
kg ha^-1
LCaA	Rainy	0.09^A	1.20^A	2.82^A	2.27^A	4.15^B	5.73^A	5.56^A	$\hat{y}$ = – 0.701 + 0.106^* (*) of probability; R2: coefficient of determination; CV = coefficient of variation. x	0.93	23.83
	Transition	0.12^A	0.93^A	1.73^B	2.02^C	4.45^A	5.24^B	2.66^C	$\hat{y}$ = 2.071 + 0.209^* (*) of probability; R2: coefficient of determination; CV = coefficient of variation. x + 0.002^* *()** 1% x²	0.73
	Dry	0.12^A	0.47^A	1.48^B	2.64^B	3.06^C	2.80^C	5.00^B	$\hat{y}$ = – 0.756 + 0.083^* (*) of probability; R2: coefficient of determination; CV = coefficient of variation. x	0.91
SCaA	Rainy	0.02^A	0.40^A	0.56^A	1.60^A	0.98^A	2.64^A	2.50^A	$\hat{y}$ = – 0.525 + 0.049^* (*) of probability; R2: coefficient of determination; CV = coefficient of variation. x	0.74	34.75
	Transition	0.08^A	0.31^A	0.37^B	0.20^B	0.93^B	0.91^B	0.82^C	$\hat{y}$ = – 0.047 + 0.017^* (*) of probability; R2: coefficient of determination; CV = coefficient of variation. x	0.74
	Dry	0.04^A	0.16^A	0.23^C	0.27^B	0.34^C	0.35^C	0.84^B	$\hat{y}$ = – 0.091 + 0.011^* (*) of probability; R2: coefficient of determination; CV = coefficient of variation. x	0.77
SHCaA	Rainy	0.11^A	1.60^A	3.34^A	3.87^A	5.13^B	8.37^A	8.05^A	$\hat{y}$ = – 1.227 + 0.155^* (*) of probability; R2: coefficient of determination; CV = coefficient of variation. x	0.95	21.78
	Transition	0.21^A	1.24^A	2.10^B	2.23^C	5.38^A	6.16^B	3.49^C	$\hat{y}$ = – 2.140 + 0.227^* (*) of probability; R2: coefficient of determination; CV = coefficient of variation. x – 0.002^* *()** 1% x²	0.74
	Dry	0.16^A	0.63^A	1.72^B	2.91^B	3.39^C	3.14^C	5.84^B	$\hat{y}$ = – 0.847 + 0.094^* (*) of probability; R2: coefficient of determination; CV = coefficient of variation. x	0.91
LMgA	Rainy	0.13^A	1.38^A	3.41^A	7.73^A	6.54^A	9.20^A	8.31^A	$\hat{y}$ = – 0.944 + 0.172^* (*) of probability; R2: coefficient of determination; CV = coefficient of variation. x	0.86	17.73
	Transition	0.21^A	0.76^B	2.02^B	1.93^B	3.84^B	4.92^B	3.77^B	$\hat{y}$ = – 0.477 + 0.083^* (*) of probability; R2: coefficient of determination; CV = coefficient of variation. x	0.85
	Dry	0.23^A	0.65^B	1.25^C	1.89^B	3.06^C	2.55^C	3.84^C	$\hat{y}$ = – 0.420 + 0.065^* (*) of probability; R2: coefficient of determination; CV = coefficient of variation. x	0.93
SMgA	Rainy	0.06^A	0.96^A	1.74^A	6.90^A	6.84^A	10.10^A	10.11^A	$\hat{y}$ = – 2.399 + 0.212^* (*) of probability; R2: coefficient of determination; CV = coefficient of variation. x	0.93	32.28
	Transition	0.22^A	0.58^A	0.83^B	0.75^B	2.38^B	2.70^B	2.46^B	$\hat{y}$ = – 0.369 + 0.049^ () 0.1% x	0.85
	Dry	0.14^A	0.31^A	0.52^B	0.67^B	1.13^C	1.02^C	1.32^C	$\hat{y}$ = – 0.065 + 0.022^* (*) of probability; R2: coefficient of determination; CV = coefficient of variation. x	0.95
SHMgA	Rainy	0.20^A	2.34^A	5.14^A	14.63^A	13.38^A	19.31^A	18.41^A	$\hat{y}$ = – 3.343 + 0.384^* (*) of probability; R2: coefficient of determination; CV = coefficient of variation. x	0.91	30.63
	Transition	0.44^A	1.34^A	2.85^B	2.68^B	6.22^B	7.62^B	6.23^B	$\hat{y}$ = – 0.846 + 0.132^* (*) of probability; R2: coefficient of determination; CV = coefficient of variation. x	0.86
	Dry	0.38^A	0.96^A	1.77^C	2.56^B	4.19^C	3.58^C	5.16^C	$\hat{y}$ = – 0.485 + 0.087^* (*) of probability; R2: coefficient of determination; CV = coefficient of variation. x	0.93
LSA	Rainy	0.03^A	0.26^A	0.58^A	0.77^A	1.33^A	1.20^A	2.35^A	$\hat{y}$ = – 0.443 + 0.038^* (*) of probability; R2: coefficient of determination; CV = coefficient of variation. x	0.93	54.35
	Transition	0.04^A	0.19^A	0.34^B	0.34^B	0.16^B	1.19^A	0.01^C	$\hat{y}$ = – 0.008 + 0.047^* *()** 1% x	0.16
	Dry	0.02^A	0.07^A	0.08^C	0.15^C	0.04^C	0.06^B	0.20^B	$\hat{y}$ = – 0.022 + 0.002^ () 0.1% x	0.35
SSA	Rainy	0.01^A	0.10^A	0.14^A	1.02^A	1.41^A	1.80^A	3.81^A	$\hat{y}$ = – 1.114 + 0.068^* (*) of probability; R2: coefficient of determination; CV = coefficient of variation. x	0.84	47.49
	Transition	0.04^A	0.07^A	0.07^A	0.02^B	0.39^B	0.21^B	0.41^B	$\hat{y}$ = – 0.072 + 0.007^* (*) of probability; R2: coefficient of determination; CV = coefficient of variation. x	0.63
	Dry	0.02^A	0.07^A	0.03^A	0.03^B	0.09^C	0.03^C	0.21^C	$\hat{y}$ = – 0.027 + 0.002^* (*) of probability; R2: coefficient of determination; CV = coefficient of variation. x	0.50
SHSA	Rainy	0.03^A	0.36^A	0.72^A	1.47^A	2.74^A	3.01^A	6.16^A	$\hat{y}$ = – 1.601 + 0.102^* (*) of probability; R2: coefficient of determination; CV = coefficient of variation. x	0.83	33.30
	Transition	0.08^A	0.26^A	0.41^B	0.36^B	0.55^B	1.40^B	0.51^B	$\hat{y}$ = – 0.025 + 0.015^* (*) of probability; R2: coefficient of determination; CV = coefficient of variation. x	0.46
	Dry	0.04^A	0.10^A	0.11^C	0.18^C	0.14^C	0.10^C	0.40^C	$\hat{y}$ = – 0.005 + 0.004^* (*) of probability; R2: coefficient of determination; CV = coefficient of variation. x	0.51

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