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Plant-animal relationships in pastoral heterogeneous environment: process of herbage intake

Aiming to evaluate the influence of native pasture structure in the intake process of grazing ewes and calves, four sward heights (4, 8, 12 and 16 cm) were established. A completely randomized design with four treatments and two replicates in time and space was used. Bite mass and forage intake were estimated by the short-term weight changes technique, corrected for the rate of insensible weight loss, during a 45 minutes test. The grazing and mastication jaw movements were registered by the IGER Behaviour Recorder device. Bite depth was obtained through 40 tillers marked in each experimental unit, by measurements carried before and after grazing. A positive correlation was observed between sward height and herbage mass, and negative between sward height and herbage bulk density. Bite depth fitted positively and linearly with increasing sward height, being not different between animal species. Ewe bite mass increased with increasing sward height up to 9.5 cm, then decreasing due to the low bulk density in the superior stratum. The same response was observed with calves, but bite mass reached a plateau only at 11.4 cm sward height. Bite rate decreased and mastication rate increased with increasing bite mass. Intake rate was greater at the sward height in which bite mass was also superior, indicating the positive correlation between these two variables. Under those conditions, to optimize the intake of sheep and calves, in native pasture, the ideal structure for management requires the maintenance of sward heights between 9.5 and 11.4 cm.

bite mass; calves; ewes; intake rate; jaws movements; native pasture


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