Natamycin as a potential silage additive: A lab trial using sugarcane to assess greenhouse gas emissions

Bueno, Antonio Vinicius Iank; Vigne, Gabriela Letícia Delai; Novinski, Charles Ortiz; Bayer, Cimélio; Jobim, Clóves Cabreira; Schmidt, Patrick

doi:10.37496/rbz4920200017

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Forage crops • R. Bras. Zootec. 49 • 2020 • https://doi.org/10.37496/rbz4920200017 copy

Natamycin as a potential silage additive: A lab trial using sugarcane to assess greenhouse gas emissions

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

The objective of this study was to evaluate natamycin, Lactobacillus buchneri (LB), or their combination on the chemical composition, loss, fermentative profile, and aerobic stability as well as gas production and composition of sugarcane silages. The treatments were (wet basis): no additive (control), 10 g t⁻¹ of natamycin (N10), 5 × 10⁴ cfu g⁻¹ of LB, and the combination of 4 g t⁻¹ of natamycin and 2.5 × 10⁴ cfu g⁻¹ of LB (NLB). Sugarcane was chopped (10 mm), treated with the additives, and ensiled in experimental silos (four replicates). The silos remained stored for 51 days. The LB inoculation, alone or in combination with natamycin, increased the acetic acid content (by 105 and 78% respectively) and decreased ethanol content (by 83 and 71% respectively) when compared to N10 treatment and the control. A decrease in both dry matter and gas losses was observed in the LB (by 72 and 78%, respectively) and N10 (by 69 and 77%, respectively) silages compared with the control, but not the combination. The N10 treatment reduced greenhouse gas (GHG) emission by 86% compared with the control silage. Control and N10 silages deteriorated to the same extent with aerobic exposure, whereas LB and NLB presented higher aerobic stability. The use of natamycin alone is not recommended when ethanol and aerobic stability are concerns. However, natamycin may be considered for the composition of blend additives to decrease greenhouse gas emission and fermentative loss in silages. Further studies must be carried out to optimize doses of natamycin in blend additives.

Keywords:
ethanol; gas production; inoculant; methane; yeast

Item	Additive ¹ 1 Control - no additive; N10 - 10 g t−1 FM of natamycin; LB - 5 × 104 cfu g−1 of L. buchneri ; NLB - 4 g t−1 FM of natamycin and 2.5 × 104 cfu g−1 of L. buchneri.				SD
Item	Control	N10	LB	NLB	SD
Dry matter (g kg⁻¹)	357	327	332	344	1.3
Brix (°)	20.6	22.4	20.1	21.4	1.0
pH	6.50	6.00	6.30	6.10	0.2

Item	Additive ¹ 1 Control - no additive; N10 - 10 g t−1 FM of natamycin; LB - 5 × 104 cfu g−1 of L. buchneri ; NLB - 4 g t−1 FM of natamycin and 2.5 × 104 cfu g−1 of L. buchneri.				SEM	P-value
Item	Control	N10	LB	NLB	SEM	P-value
pH	3.61	3.54	3.59	3.52	0.02	0.23
Lactic acid (g kg⁻¹ DM)	55.1	47.3	37.0	47.3	4.88	0.32
Acetic acid (g kg⁻¹ DM)	14.6c	14.7c	29.9a	26.0b	0.50	<0.01
Propionic acid (g kg⁻¹ DM)	1.08a	0.93a	0.33b	0.50b	0.05	<0.01
Butyric acid (g kg⁻¹ DM)	0.41	0.26	0.35	0.36	0.09	0.77
Ethanol (g kg⁻¹ DM)	51.9a	40.2a	8.7b	15.0b	3.32	<0.01

Item	Additive ¹ 1 Control - no additive; N10 - 10 g t−1 FM of natamycin; LB - 5 × 104 cfu g−1 of L. buchneri ; NLB - 4 g t−1 FM of natamycin and 2.5 × 104 cfu g−1 of L. buchneri.				SEM	P-value
Item	Control	N10	LB	NLB	SEM	P-value
Gas volume (L t⁻¹ DM)	7282a	2804b	1050b	3053b	716.8	<0.01
Gas losses (g kg⁻¹ initial DM)	117a	27.1b	25.7b	86.2a	22.8	<0.01
Effluent (kg t⁻¹ fresh forage)	14.0	13.1	11.0	12.5	3.72	0.90
DML (g kg⁻¹ DM)	130a	40.1b	36.4b	97.9ab	23.8	<0.01
GHG ² 2 Calculated according to Houghton et al. (2001) . (g CO₂ eq t⁻¹ fresh forage)	311a	43.7c	85.5bc	162b	28.3	<0.01

Gas	Additive ¹ 1 Control - no additive; N10 - 10 g t−1 FM of natamycin; LB - 5 × 104 cfu g−1 of L. buchneri ; NLB - 4 g t−1 FM of natamycin and 2.5 × 104 cfu g−1 of L. buchneri.				SEM	P-value
Gas	Control	N10	LB	NLB	SEM	P-value
CH₄ (g t⁻¹ DM)	0.005a	0.0007b	0.001ab	0.003ab	0.0006	0.04
CO₂ (g t⁻¹ DM)	129a	25.3c	49.6bc	68.8b	10.5	<0.01
N₂O (g t⁻¹ DM)	0.002a	0.0002b	0.0005ab	0.001ab	0.0003	0.03

Item	Additive ¹ 1 Control - no additive; N10 - 10 g t−1 FM of natamycin; LB - 5 × 104 cfu g−1 of L. buchneri ; NLB - 4 g t−1 FM of natamycin and 2.5 × 104 cfu g−1 of L. buchneri.				SEM	P-value
Item	Control	N10	LB	NLB	SEM	P-value
AS ² 2 Time (h) to exceed 2 °C in the room temperature.	37.5c	39.0c	82.5a	54.0b	4.71	<0.01
MT (°C)	40.0	40.5	40.7	41.5	0.52	0.66
TMT	67.5b	61.5b	111.0a	81.0b	5.52	<0.01
AT (°C)	178a	176a	91b	159a	10.52	<0.01

Item	Additive ¹ 1 Control - no additive; N10 - 10 g t−1 FM of natamycin; LB - 5 × 104 cfu g−1 of L. buchneri ; NLB - 4 g t−1 FM of natamycin and 2.5 × 104 cfu g−1 of L. buchneri.				SEM	P-value
Item	Control	N10	LB	NLB	SEM	P-value
Dry matter ² 2 Corrected for volatiles. (g kg⁻¹)	322	324	327	318	5.47	0.68
Ash	34.5	40.6	38.3	36.2	1.42	0.06
Neutral detergent fiber	527	533	532	516	11.6	0.73
Acid detergent fiber	332	352	347	343	5.01	0.09
Crude protein	19.4b	23.6a	21.3ab	19.9b	0.69	<0.01

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E-mail: rbz@sbz.org.br

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[1] * Corresponding author: gabivigne@ufpr.br