Milk production and hematological and antioxidant profiles of dairy cows supplemented with oregano and green tea extracts as feed additives

Kolling, Giovani Jacob; Stivanin, Sheila Cristina Bosco; Gabbi, Alexandre Mossate; Machado, Fernanda Samarini; Ferreira, Alexandre Lima; Campos, Mariana Magalhães; Tomich, Thierry Ribeiro; Cunha, Camila Soares; Klein, Caroline Peres; August, Pauline Maciel; Matté, Cristiane; Dill, Susane Werle; Pereira, Luiz Gustavo Ribeiro; Fischer, Vivian

doi:10.37496/rbz5120210150

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Ruminants, Short Communication • R. Bras. Zootec. 51 • 2022 • https://doi.org/10.37496/rbz5120210150 copy

Milk production and hematological and antioxidant profiles of dairy cows supplemented with oregano and green tea extracts as feed additives

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

We aimed to evaluate the effects of the addition of oregano (Origanum vulgare) or green tea (Camellia sinensis L.) extracts (separately and associated) on feed intake, milk production, and hematological and antioxidant profiles of dairy cows. For that purpose, 16 Holstein and 16 Holstein-Gyr cows with 526.3±10.2 kg and within the first third of lactation were distributed according to a complete block design with measurements repeated in time. Treatments were control (CON), addition of 0.056% of oregano extract (OR), addition of 0.028% of green tea extract (GT), addition of a mixture of OR and GT extract (0.056% each) in the diet (MIX). Hematological and antioxidant profiles were monitored. Data were subjected to ANOVA, with block, treatment, days, and their interactions considered as fixed effects and animal and the residue as random effects. In Holstein cows, GT increased feed intake and milk yield compared with CON; in Holstein-Gyr crossbred cows, OR showed increased intake and GT increased milk yield compared with CON. Compared with CON, GT and OR decreased eosinophils concentration; OR showed the highest neutrophils concentration and neutrophils to leukocyte ratio. Compared with CON, OR presented increased catalase (CAT) activity, while GT increased the reduced glutathione concentration. The MIX treatment reduced CAT activity compared with OR, presented the lowest concentration of oxidized dichlorofluorescein in the erythrocytes (DCFER) and plasma (DCFPLA), and increased eosinophils concentration compared with GT and OR. Extracts differently affected feed intake and milk yield depending on genetic group. Feeding green tea and oregano extracts separately or associated distinctly affects the antioxidant indicators of lactating dairy cows.

Keywords:
Holstein; Holstein-Gyr crossbred; plant extracts; redox state

Item		Total mixed ration
Item		CON	GT	OR	MIX
Ingredient (kg/100 kg)
	Corn silage	56.0	56.0	56.0	56.0
	Tifton hay	4.0	4.0	4.0	4.0
	Corn	17.4	17.4	17.4	17.4
	Soybean meal	19.2	19.2	19.2	19.2
	Limestone	0.44	0.44	0.44	0.44
	Urea	0.12	0.12	0.12	0.12
	Amonium sulfate	0.24	0.24	0.24	0.24
	MgO	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3
	Sodium bicarbonate	0.6	0.6	0.6	0.6
	Mineral mix	1.7	1.7	1.7	1.7
	Oregano extract	-	-	5.6	5.6
	Green tea extract	-	2.8	-	2.8
Chemical composition (g/100 g of diet DM, unless otherwise noted)
	Crude protein		16.8
	Ether extract		2.9
	Neutral detergent fiber		43.0
	Acid detergent fiber		19.7
	Lignin		2.0
	Calcium		1.0
	Phosphorus		0.5
	Total digestible nutrients		72.0
	Gross energy (Mcal/kg)		3.98

Variable	Treatment (T)¹ 1 CON - control; GT - 0.028% diet (dry matter basis) of green tea extract; OR - 0.056% diet (dry matter basis) of oregano extract; MIX - 0.056% diet (dry matter basis) of OR + 0.028% diet (dry matter basis) of GT.					SEM	P-values for effects² 2 Triple interaction was not significant for all variables.
Variable	Block (B)	CON	GT	OR	MIX	SEM	T	B	Day	T×B	T×D	B×D
Body weight (kg)	-	514	533	532	526	10.2	0.27	0.78	<0.01	0.29	0.02	0.07
Body condition score (1 to 5)	-	3.2	3.2	3.2	3.2	0.1	0.56	0.04	0.60	0.09	0.99	0.99
Dry matter intake (kg)	Hol	16.8b	18.3a	15.7b	15.9b	0.6	<0.01	<0.01	0.06	<0.01	0.99	0.98
	HG	17.7b	18.0b	19.1a	16.4b	0.8
Milk yield (kg/d)	Hol	25.3b	27.5a	27.3a	24.3c	1.6	<0.01	0.07	0.84	<0.01	0.99	0.99
	HG	26.2c	27.4b	24.2d	29.0a	1.0

Variable	Treatment (T)¹ 1 CON - control; GT - 0.028% diet (dry matter basis) of green tea extract; OR - 0.056% diet (dry matter basis) of oregano extract; MIX - 0.056% diet (dry matter basis) of OR + 0.028% diet (dry matter basis) of GT.				SEM	P-values for effects² 2 Triple interaction was no significant for all variables.
Variable	CON	GT	OR	MIX	SEM	T	B	Day	T×B	T×D	B×D
Leukocytes (μL)	12941	11778	12322	11618	1142	0.34	0.87	0.47	0.27	0.92	0.73
Eosinophils (μL)	614a	314b	278b	552b	111	<0.01	0.03	0.87	0.08	0.83	0.93
Lymphocytes (μL)	7599	7575	6738	6528	969	0.14	0.02	0.57	0.20	0.68	0.98
Monocytes (μL)	420	370	293	415	57.9	0.27	0.81	0.38	0.24	0.93	0.18
Neutrophils (μL)	4099ab	3378b	4964a	4258ab	492	<0.05	0.41	0.54	0.44	0.89	0.23
Neutrophils/Lymphocytes	0.32b	0.31b	0.41a	0.38ab	0.2	<0.01	<0.04	0.78	0.30	0.77	0.55
SOD (U/mg)	13.0	14.59	18.28	14.59	1.4	0.18	0.13	<0.01	0.43	0.20	0.07
CAT (U/mg)	1.1b	1.1b	1.4a	1.1b	0.1	<0.05	0.06	0.83	0.34	0.38	0.94
GPx (U/mg)	2.8	2.4	3.3	2.6	0.2	0.13	<0.01	0.26	0.15	0.93	0.99
GSH (nmol/mg)	0.9b	1.3a	0.7b	0.9a	0.1	<0.05	0.83	0.34	0.76	0.06	0.84
DCFER (nmol/mg)	8975a	8928a	9629a	7591b	625	<0.03	<0.01	0.28	0.09	0.28	0.68
DCFPLA (nmol/mg)	2430a	2145ab	2267ab	2015b	100	<0.05	0.34	0.61	0.39	0.27	0.74
CARBO (nmol/mg)	2.8	3.2	3.3	3.5	0.2	0.63	0.91	<0.01	0.17	0.49	0.40

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E-mail: rbz@sbz.org.br

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[1] * Corresponding author: sheila_bosco@hotmail.com