Effects of stocking density and artificial substrates on yield and water quality in a biofloc shrimp nursery culture

Legarda, Esmeralda Chamorro; Barcelos, Suhellen Santos; Redig, Joselle Cursino; Ramírez, Norha Constanza Bolívar; Guimarães, Ariane Martins; Santo, Carlos Manoel do Espírito; Seiffert, Walter Quadros; Vieira, Felipe do Nascimento

doi:10.1590/rbz4720170060

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Aquaculture • R. Bras. Zootec. 47 • 2018 • https://doi.org/10.1590/rbz4720170060 copy

Effects of stocking density and artificial substrates on yield and water quality in a biofloc shrimp nursery culture

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different stocking densities and the presence/absence of two artificial substrates on water quality and production rates of marine shrimp in a biofloc shrimp nursery culture. Two experiments were performed: different stocking densities with mosquito netting substrate and the presence/absence of polyester-type substrate. The first experiment lasted 38 days, and shrimp at an initial weight of 0.013±0.010 g were stocked in 24 tanks. The second experiment lasted 35 days, and shrimp at an initial weight of 0.037±0.002 g were stocked in six tanks. Weekly biometric measurements were performed to adjust the amount of feed. Suspended solids were higher at a density of 6000 PL m⁻³ and mosquito netting substrate. Final weight and specific growth rate were higher in treatments with mosquito netting substrate. However, survival was significantly lower with this substrate. Yield was significantly higher at a density of 6000 PL m⁻³. Polyester-type substrate had no significant effect on production rates or variables of water quality. However, this substrate could reduce the production of sludge. The results indicate that it is possible to culture shrimp in nursery stage up to 6000 PL m⁻³ in a biofloc system.

Key Words:
artificial substrates; biofloc technology; Litopenaeus vannamei; stocking density; yield

Parameter	Treatment								Inoculum
Parameter	3000	3000 + S	4000	4000 + S	5000	5000 + S	6000	6000 + S	Inoculum
DO (mg L⁻¹) AM	5.65±0.05a	5.54±0.07a	5.59±0.04ab	5.52±0.11ab	5.53±0.06ab	5.56±0.04ab	5.44±0.12b	5.44±0.03b	–
DO (mg L⁻¹) PM	5.48±0.11a	5.51±0.04a	5.48±0.07ab	5.42±0.11ab	5.39±0.08ab	5.39±0.09ab	5.42±0.17b	5.41±0.02b	–
Temperature (°C) AM	28.87±0.14	28.88±0.51	28.93±0.16	29.18±0.61	29.27±0.26	29.23±0.12	28.9±0.31	28.89±0.59	–
Temperature (°C) PM	30.47±0.21	30.59±0.19	30.54±0.16	30.86±0.42	30.83±0.45	30.86±0.43	30.60±0.04	30.64±0.09	–
Alkalinity (mg CaCO₃ L⁻¹)	141.58±4.94	138.06±0.76	139.09±2.31	132.15±2.91	138.42±5.78	133.70±2.73	137.33±6.56	138.06±5.30	154.67±2.31
pH	8.06±0.06b	8.08±0.01b	8.03±0.01ab	8.03±0.03ab	7.97±0.03a	8.04±0.03a	7.95±0.03c	7.95±0.02c	8.19±0.01
Salinity (ppt)	34.79±0.79	34.24±0.39	34.17±1.29	33.84±0.52	34.35±0.25	33.95±0.55	34.43±0.72	33.51±0.52	34.57±0.81
TAN (mg L⁻¹)	0.36±0.05	0.37±0.02	0.56±0.28	0.36±0.02	0.48±0.16	0.44±0.09	0.45±0.03	0.45±0.04	0.10±0.01
N-NO₂ (mg L⁻¹)	0.59±0.01A	0.63±0.03B	0.54±0.06A	0.69±0.04B	0.57±0.06A	0.71±0.04B	0.65±0.07A	0.68±0.07B	0.01±0.01
N-NO₃ (mg L⁻¹)	43.47±22.50	53.30±8.80	41.12±15.23	52.10±2.50	50.12±5.55	48.60±6.00	48.63±6.10	47.80±5.00	8.90±3.12
TSS (mg L⁻¹)	487.73±58.10aA	502.45±6.34aB	479.50±30.02aA	522.18±14.49aB	509.48±21.72aA	583.09±38.58aB	584.30±32.38bA	625.82±46.54bB	388.33±19.60
VSS (mg L⁻¹)	202.70±25.11a	207.12±12.75a	207.59±15.62a	222.94±6.79a	218.73±9.06a	247.09±27.39a	257.12±20.24b	282.79±31.72b	164.00±13.75

Parameter	Treatment								ANOVA ¹ 1 Two-way ANOVA was used to determine the effect of stocking density (D), substrates (S), and D × S interaction (D × S).
Parameter	3000	3000 + S	4000	4000 + S	5000	5000 + S	6000	6000 + S	D	S	D × S
Final weight (g)	0.78±0.22A	1.23±0.22B	0.67±0.20A	1.06±0.25B	0.79±0.15A	0.88±0.01B	0.68±0.08A	0.94±0.06B	ns	*	ns
Yield (kg m⁻³)	2.89±0.32aA	3.42±0.22aB	3.30±0.42abA	3.96±0.39abB	4.47±0.43bA	4.40±0.39bB	4.97±0.51cA	5.32±0.12cB	*	*	ns
FCR-A	1.05±0.17	1.06±0.03	1.03±0.06	1.11±0.04	1.04±0.14	1.23±0.22	1.10±0.04	1.23±0.10	ns	ns	ns
Estimated survival (%)	108.90±17.62A	79.82±10.73B	107.55±18.19A	81.01±10.70B	104.12±21.99A	85.27±8.98B	103.18±2.71A	80.54±5.63B	ns	*	ns
SGR (% day⁻¹)	10.69±0.70A	11.95±0.47B	10.31±0.78A	11.53±0.61B	10.79±0.47A	11.08±0.20B	10.41±0.31A	11.25±0.17B	ns	*	ns

Parameter	Treatment		Inoculum	ANOVA ¹ 1 One-way ANOVA with repeated measures was used to determine the effect of substrates (S), time in days (T), and S × T interaction (S × T).
Parameter	Substrate	Control	Inoculum	S	T	S × T
DO (mg L⁻¹) AM	5.54±0.08	5.53±0.06	–	ns	–	–
DO (mg L⁻¹) PM	5.41±0.13	5.41±0.13	–	ns	–	–
Temperature (°C) AM	28.97±0.43	28.47±0.44	–	ns	–	–
Temperature (°C) PM	29.38±0.53	28.92±0.50	–	ns	–	–
Alkalinity (mg CaCO₃ L⁻¹)	147±11	128±11	129±14	ns	^* * P<0.05.	ns
pH	8.35±0.03	7.99±0.01a	7.93±0.03b	^* * P<0.05.	^* * P<0.05.	ns
Salinity (ppt)	35.00±0.00	35.72±0.23	35.77±0.67	ns	^* * P<0.05.	^* * P<0.05.
TAN (mg L⁻¹)	0.18±0.05	0.18±0.01	0.17±0.04	ns	^* * P<0.05.	ns
N-NO₂ (mg L⁻¹)	0.50±0.05	0.70±0.10	0.60±0.10	ns	^* * P<0.05.	ns
N-NO₃ (mg L⁻¹)	37.65±8.44	105.19±2.40	96.82±19.81	ns	^* * P<0.05.	ns
TSS (mg L⁻¹)	388±66	500±30	508±43	ns	^* * P<0.05.	ns
VSS (mg L⁻¹)	115±19	212±19	216±14	ns	^* * P<0.05.	ns
SS (mg L⁻¹)	–	6.35±1.31	7.58±1.35	ns	–	–

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E-mail: rbz@sbz.org.br

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[1] * Corresponding author: felipe.vieira@ufsc.br