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• Rev. Bras. Zool. 16 (suppl 1) • 1999 • https://doi.org/10.1590/S0101-81751999000500019   copiar

Dieta de um grupo de mico-leão-preto, Leontopithecus chrysopygus (Mikan) (Mammalia, Callitrichidae), na Estação Ecológica dos Caetetus, São Paulo

Diet of a black lion tamarin group, Leontopithecus chrysopygus (Mikan) (Mammalia, Callitrichidae), in Caetetus Ecological Station, São Paulo

Autoria SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Resumo

In this study carried out in the Caetetus Ecological Station, Sao Paulo, southeastern Brazil, a wild group of black lion tamarins was accompanied during 1989 to 1991, to analyse the dietary habits of the species. The scan sampling method was used to gather data. A total of 961 behaviors were recorded, of which feeding occupied 23.3% of the time involved in the behaviors. The major dietary components observed in the black lion tamarins were fruits, tree exudates and animal preys (67.9%, 22.8% and 8.9% respectively). Fruits varied monthly from 47.4 to 97.1 %, being consumed more during the rainy season, while tree exudates varied from 0 to 54.7%, and were consumed mainly during the dry season. The animal prey accounted for 0 to 15.8% of the diet. The most important dietary resource for the black lion tamarins was the fruit of Syagrus romanzoffiana Glass., representing 29.9% of the foraging observations. The diet exhibited pronounced differences among dry and rainy seasons, presumably as a consequence of the food shortage of fruits during dry season.

Callitrichidae; diet; feeding behavior; seasonal variation; black lion tamarin

Callitrichidae; diet; feeding behavior; seasonal variation; black lion tamarin

Dieta de um grupo de mico-leão-preto, Leontopithecus chrysopygus (Mikan) (Mammalia, Callitrichidae), na Estação Ecológica dos Caetetus, São Paulo1 1 Contribuição número 1150 do Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná.

Diet of a black lion tamarin group, Leontopithecus chrysopygus (Mikan) (Mammalia, Callitrichidae), in Caetetus Ecological Station, São Paulo

Fernando de Camargo Passos

Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná. Caixa Postal 19020, 81531-990 Curitiba, Paraná, Brasil. E-mail: fpassos@bio.ufpr.br

ABSTRACT

In this study carried out in the Caetetus Ecological Station, Sao Paulo, southeastern Brazil, a wild group of black lion tamarins was accompanied during 1989 to 1991, to analyse the dietary habits of the species. The scan sampling method was used to gather data. A total of 961 behaviors were recorded, of which feeding occupied 23.3% of the time involved in the behaviors. The major dietary components observed in the black lion tamarins were fruits, tree exudates and animal preys (67.9%, 22.8% and 8.9% respectively). Fruits varied monthly from 47.4 to 97.1 %, being consumed more during the rainy season, while tree exudates varied from 0 to 54.7%, and were consumed mainly during the dry season. The animal prey accounted for 0 to 15.8% of the diet. The most important dietary resource for the black lion tamarins was the fruit of Syagrus romanzoffiana Glass., representing 29.9% of the foraging observations. The diet exhibited pronounced differences among dry and rainy seasons, presumably as a consequence of the food shortage of fruits during dry season.

Key words: Callitrichidae, diet, feeding behavior, seasonal variation, black lion tamarin

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AGRADECIMENTOS. Agradeço ao Instituto Florestal de São Paulo e ao IBAMA por possibilitar que este estudo fosse realizado, a Cory Teixeira de Carvalho pela orientação e suporte sempre contínuo, a José Carvalho pela assistência no campo, a Hermógenes de Freitas Leitão-Filho pela identificação das espécies vegetais, a Anthony B. Rylands, Eleonore Setz, Ivan Sazima, Wagner A. Pedro, Wesley R. Silva pelos comentários e sugestões, a James J. Roper pela revisão do abstract, ao apoio da Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia) e ao financiamento da Capes e Fundação MB.

REFERÊNCIAS BIBLIOGRÁFICAS

ALTMANN, J. 1974. Observational study of behavior: sampling methods. Behaviour 49: 227-267.

CARVALHO, C.T. de & CF. de CARVALHO. 1989. A organização social dos sauís-pretos, (Leontopithecus chrysopygus Mikan), na reserva de Teodoro Sampaio, São Paulo (Primates, Callithricidae). Revta bras. Zool. 6 (4): 707-717.

CARVALHO, C.T.; A.L.K. ALBERBAZ & C.A.T. LUCCA. 1989. Aspectos da bionomia do mico-leão-preto, Leontopithecus chrysopygus (Mikan, 1823) (Mammalia, Callitrichidae). Rev. Inst. Flor., São Paulo, 1 (1): 67-83.

COIMBRA-FILHO, A.F. 1970a. Considerações gerais e situação atual dos micos-leoes escuros, Leontideus chrysomelas (Kuhl, 1820) e Leontideus chrysopygus (Mikan, 1823) (Callitrichidae, Primates). Rev. Brasil. Biol. 30 (2): 249-268.

______. 1970b . Acerca da redescoberta de Leontideus chrysopygus (Mikan, 1823)e apontamentos sobre sua ecologia (Callitrichidae, Primates). Rev. Brasil. Biol. 30 (4): 609-615.

______. 1976. Leontopithecus rosalia chrysopygus (Mikan, 1823), o mico leão doEstado de São Paulo. Silvicultura 10: 1-36.

______. 1981. Animais predados ou rejeitados pelo sauí-piranga, Leontopithecusr. rosalia (L., 1766) na sua área de ocorrência primitiva (Callitrichidae, Primates). Rev. Brasil. Biol. 41 (4): 717-731.

COIMBRA-FILHO, A.F. & R.A. MITTERMEIER. 1977. Conservation of the brazilianlion tamarins {Leontopithecus rosalia), p. 59-94. In: Prince Rainier & G.H. Bourmne (Eds). Primate Conservation. New York, Academic Press.

DIETZ, J.M.; CA. PERES & L. PINDER. 1997. Foraging ecology and use of space inwild golden lion tamarins (Leontopithecus rosalia). Amer. Jour. Primatol. 41:289-305.

EGLER, S.G. 1992. Feeding ecology of Saguinus bicolor bicolor (Callitrichidae, Primates) in relict forest in Manaus, Brazilian Amazônia. Folia Primatol. 59: 61-76.

FONSECA, G.A.B. & T.E. LACHER Jr. 1984. Exudate-feeding by Callithrixjacchus penicillata in semideciduous woodland (Cerradão) in central Brazil. Primates 25 (4): 441-450.

FOSTER, R.B. 1982. Famine on Barro Colorado Island, p. 201-212. In: E.D. LEIGH; A.S. Rand & D.M. WlNDSON (Eds). The ecology of a tropical forest: seasonal rythms and long-term changes. Washington, D.C, Smithsonian Institution Press, 468p.

GARBER, P.A. 1988. Diet, foraging patterns, and resource defence in a mixed species troop of Saguinus mystax and Saguinus fuscicollis in Amazonian Peru. Behaviour 105: 18-34.

______. 1993. Feeding ecology and behaviour of the genus Saguinus, p.273-295. In: A.B. RYLANDS (Ed.). Marmosets and tamarins: systematics, behaviour,and ecology. Oxford. Oxford University Press.

LACHER, T.E. JR.; G.A.B. FONSECA; C. ALVES JR. & B. MAGALHAES-CASTRO. 1984. Parasitism of trees by marmosets in a central brazilian gallery forest. Biotropica 16: 202-209.

MAMEDE-COSTA, AC & S. GODÓI. 1998. Consuption of Syagrus romanzoffianá(Arecaceae) fruits, by blacklion tamarins (Leontopithecus chrysopygus) insouth-eastern Brazil. Mammalia 62 (2): 310-313.

PASSOS, F.C 1994. Behavior of the black lion tamarin, Leontopithecus chrysopygus, in different forest leveis in the Caetetus Ecological Station, São Paulo, Brazil. Neotropical Primates 2 (Suppl.): 40-41.

______. 1997. Seed dispersai by black lion tamarin, Leontopithecus chrysopygus (Primates, Callitrichidae), in southeastern Brazil. Mammalia 61 (I): 109-111.

PASSOS, F.C. & A. KEUROGHLIAN (prelo). Prey foraging behavior, microhabitatsand techniques used by black lion tamarins, Leontopithecus chrysopygus Mikan1823 (Mammalia, Callitrichidae). Revta bras. Zool. .

PERES, CA. 1993. Diet and feeding ecology of saddle-back (Saguinusfuscicollis) and moustached (S. mystax) tamarins in an Amazonian terra firme forest. Jour. Zool. 230: 567-592.

RAMIREZ, M.F.; C.H. FREESE & CJ. REVILHA. 1977. Feeding ecology of the pygmy marmoset, Cebuella pygmaea, in northeastern Peru, p.91-104. In: D.G. KLEI-MAN (Ed.). The biology and conservation of the Callitrichidae. Washington, D.C., Smithsonian Institution Press, 354p.

RIZZINI, C.T. & A.F. COIMBRA-FILHO. 1981. Lesões produzidas pelo sagui, Callithrix p. penicillata (E. Geoffroy, 1812), em árvores do cerrado (Callitrichidae, Primates). Rev. Brasil. Biol. 41 (3): 579-583.

RYLANDS, A.B. 1986. Ranging behavior and habitat preference of a wild marmoset group, Callithrix humeralifer (Callitrichidae, Primates). Jour. Zool. 210 (4): 489-514.

______. 1989. Sympatric Brazilian callitrichids: the black-tufted-ear marmoset, Callithrix kuhli, and the golden-headed lion tamarin, Leontopithecus chrysopygus. Jour. Hum. Evol. 18: 679-695.

______. 1993. The ecology ofthe lion tamarins, Leontopithecus: some intrageneric differences and comparisons with other callitrichids, p.296-313. In: A. B. Rylands (Ed.). Marmosets and tamarins: systematics, behaviour, andecology. Oxford, Oxford University Press.

SEAL, U.; J. BALLOU & C. VALLADARES-PADUA. 1990. Leontopithecus Population Analysis. Apple Valley, MN: IUCN/SSC/CBSG.

SOINI, P. 1993. The ecology of the pygmy marmoset, Cebuella pygmaea: some comparisons with two sympatric tamarins, p.257-261. In: A.B. Rylands (Ed.).Marmosets and tamarins: systematics, behaviour, and ecology. Oxford,Oxford University Press.

TERBORGH, J. 1983. Five new world primates - a study in comparative ecology. Princeton, Princeton University Press, 260p.

______. 1986. Keystone plant resources in the tropical forest, p.330-344. In: M.E. SOULÉ (Ed.). Conservation Biology: the science of scarcity and diversity. Suderland, Sinauer Associates Inc., 584p.

Recebido em 06.X.1999; aceito em 11.VI.1999.

  • ALTMANN, J. 1974. Observational study of behavior: sampling methods. Behaviour 49: 227-267.
  • CARVALHO, C.T. de & CF. de CARVALHO. 1989. A organização social dos sauís-pretos, (Leontopithecus chrysopygus Mikan), na reserva de Teodoro Sampaio, São Paulo (Primates, Callithricidae). Revta bras. Zool. 6 (4): 707-717.
  • CARVALHO, C.T.; A.L.K. ALBERBAZ & C.A.T. LUCCA. 1989. Aspectos da bionomia do mico-leão-preto, Leontopithecus chrysopygus (Mikan, 1823) (Mammalia, Callitrichidae). Rev. Inst. Flor., São Paulo, 1 (1): 67-83.
  • COIMBRA-FILHO, A.F. 1970a. Considerações gerais e situação atual dos micos-leoes escuros, Leontideus chrysomelas (Kuhl, 1820) e Leontideus chrysopygus (Mikan, 1823) (Callitrichidae, Primates). Rev. Brasil. Biol. 30 (2): 249-268.
  • ______. 1970b . Acerca da redescoberta de Leontideus chrysopygus (Mikan, 1823)e apontamentos sobre sua ecologia (Callitrichidae, Primates). Rev. Brasil. Biol. 30 (4): 609-615.
  • ______. 1976. Leontopithecus rosalia chrysopygus (Mikan, 1823), o mico leão doEstado de São Paulo. Silvicultura 10: 1-36.
  • ______. 1981. Animais predados ou rejeitados pelo sauí-piranga, Leontopithecusr. rosalia (L., 1766) na sua área de ocorrência primitiva (Callitrichidae, Primates). Rev. Brasil. Biol. 41 (4): 717-731.
  • COIMBRA-FILHO, A.F. & R.A. MITTERMEIER. 1977. Conservation of the brazilianlion tamarins {Leontopithecus rosalia), p. 59-94. In: Prince Rainier & G.H. Bourmne (Eds). Primate Conservation. New York, Academic Press.
  • DIETZ, J.M.; CA. PERES & L. PINDER. 1997. Foraging ecology and use of space inwild golden lion tamarins (Leontopithecus rosalia). Amer. Jour. Primatol. 41:289-305.
  • EGLER, S.G. 1992. Feeding ecology of Saguinus bicolor bicolor (Callitrichidae, Primates) in relict forest in Manaus, Brazilian Amazônia. Folia Primatol. 59: 61-76.
  • FONSECA, G.A.B. & T.E. LACHER Jr. 1984. Exudate-feeding by Callithrixjacchus penicillata in semideciduous woodland (Cerradão) in central Brazil. Primates 25 (4): 441-450.
  • FOSTER, R.B. 1982. Famine on Barro Colorado Island, p. 201-212. In: E.D. LEIGH; A.S. Rand & D.M. WlNDSON (Eds). The ecology of a tropical forest: seasonal rythms and long-term changes. Washington, D.C, Smithsonian Institution Press, 468p.
  • GARBER, P.A. 1988. Diet, foraging patterns, and resource defence in a mixed species troop of Saguinus mystax and Saguinus fuscicollis in Amazonian Peru. Behaviour 105: 18-34.
  • ______. 1993. Feeding ecology and behaviour of the genus Saguinus, p.273-295. In: A.B. RYLANDS (Ed.). Marmosets and tamarins: systematics, behaviour,and ecology. Oxford. Oxford University Press.
  • LACHER, T.E. JR.; G.A.B. FONSECA; C. ALVES JR. & B. MAGALHAES-CASTRO. 1984. Parasitism of trees by marmosets in a central brazilian gallery forest. Biotropica 16: 202-209.
  • MAMEDE-COSTA, AC & S. GODÓI. 1998. Consuption of Syagrus romanzoffianá(Arecaceae) fruits, by blacklion tamarins (Leontopithecus chrysopygus) insouth-eastern Brazil. Mammalia 62 (2): 310-313.
  • PASSOS, F.C 1994. Behavior of the black lion tamarin, Leontopithecus chrysopygus, in different forest leveis in the Caetetus Ecological Station, São Paulo, Brazil. Neotropical Primates 2 (Suppl.): 40-41.
  • ______. 1997. Seed dispersai by black lion tamarin, Leontopithecus chrysopygus (Primates, Callitrichidae), in southeastern Brazil. Mammalia 61 (I): 109-111.
  • PASSOS, F.C. & A. KEUROGHLIAN (prelo). Prey foraging behavior, microhabitatsand techniques used by black lion tamarins, Leontopithecus chrysopygus Mikan1823 (Mammalia, Callitrichidae). Revta bras. Zool.
  • PERES, CA. 1993. Diet and feeding ecology of saddle-back (Saguinusfuscicollis) and moustached (S. mystax) tamarins in an Amazonian terra firme forest. Jour. Zool. 230: 567-592.
  • RAMIREZ, M.F.; C.H. FREESE & CJ. REVILHA. 1977. Feeding ecology of the pygmy marmoset, Cebuella pygmaea, in northeastern Peru, p.91-104. In: D.G. KLEI-MAN (Ed.). The biology and conservation of the Callitrichidae. Washington, D.C., Smithsonian Institution Press, 354p.
  • RIZZINI, C.T. & A.F. COIMBRA-FILHO. 1981. Lesões produzidas pelo sagui, Callithrix p. penicillata (E. Geoffroy, 1812), em árvores do cerrado (Callitrichidae, Primates). Rev. Brasil. Biol. 41 (3): 579-583.
  • RYLANDS, A.B. 1986. Ranging behavior and habitat preference of a wild marmoset group, Callithrix humeralifer (Callitrichidae, Primates). Jour. Zool. 210 (4): 489-514.
  • ______. 1989. Sympatric Brazilian callitrichids: the black-tufted-ear marmoset, Callithrix kuhli, and the golden-headed lion tamarin, Leontopithecus chrysopygus. Jour. Hum. Evol. 18: 679-695.
  • ______. 1993. The ecology ofthe lion tamarins, Leontopithecus: some intrageneric differences and comparisons with other callitrichids, p.296-313. In: A. B. Rylands (Ed.). Marmosets and tamarins: systematics, behaviour, andecology. Oxford, Oxford University Press.
  • SEAL, U.; J. BALLOU & C. VALLADARES-PADUA. 1990. Leontopithecus Population Analysis. Apple Valley, MN: IUCN/SSC/CBSG.
  • SOINI, P. 1993. The ecology of the pygmy marmoset, Cebuella pygmaea: some comparisons with two sympatric tamarins, p.257-261. In: A.B. Rylands (Ed.).Marmosets and tamarins: systematics, behaviour, and ecology. Oxford,Oxford University Press.
  • TERBORGH, J. 1983. Five new world primates - a study in comparative ecology. Princeton, Princeton University Press, 260p.
  • ______. 1986. Keystone plant resources in the tropical forest, p.330-344. In: M.E. SOULÉ (Ed.). Conservation Biology: the science of scarcity and diversity. Suderland, Sinauer Associates Inc., 584p.
  • 1
    Contribuição número 1150 do Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná.

    • Datas de Publicação

    • Publicação nesta coleção
      25 Jun 2009
    • Data do Fascículo
      1999

    Histórico

    • Aceito
      11 Jun 1999
    • Recebido
      06 Out 1999
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