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An individual of Alchornea glandulos a (Endl. & Poepp.) was observed in Blumenau (26º55'26", S49º03'22"W), Santa Catarina State on the border of secondary Atlantic Rain Forest from september to november belween 1990 and 1991, with the goal of identifying species of birds with potential to spread out its seeds. In twelve hours of observation 21 species of birds explorcd the seeds.Resumo em Inglês:
The taxonomic identity of specimens of the genus Hippolyte Leach, 1814 of Laguna de Términos was considered including the colour and the presence-absence of tufts of plumose setae on the dorsal surface of the carapace and abdomen as secondary characteristics to morphological features of taxonomic value. Two groups were formed based on appearance: one transparent with setae and another green without setae. The analysis of five morphological characteristics in adult females of the two groups made it possible to identify only H. zostericola (Smith, 1873). Fecundity and fertility were similar (0.5>p>0.2) in both groups. The first zoea of both groups were also morphologically similar. Considering these results, it is concluded that the only species collected was H. zoslericola and that it has two phenotypical types. It is recomended that the morphological analysis of all larval stages be carried out.Resumo em Inglês:
Calliphoridae of the region of the upper Urucu river basin, West of the city of Manaus, Amazonas State, Brazil, were sludied considering composition and abundance of the species, capturing 14729 specimen distributcd as follows: Cochliomyia macellaria (Fabricius) (12643), Chloroprocta idioidea (Robineau-Desvoidy) (1667), Phaenicia eximia (Wiedemann) (354), Hemilucilia semidiaphana (Rondani) (54), H. segmentaria (Fabricius) (6), Chrysomya pularia (Wiedemann) (1) e C. albiceps (Wiedemann) (1). The rcsults showthat Cochliomyia macellaria has a facility to adapt rapidly to an environment changed by man. The fact that was registered two specimen of Chrysomya Robineau-Desvoidy in highly isolated localilies contributed to showthc ability of thesc flics in cxploring the availablc mechanisms to reach remote places, re-einphasizing the concept of high capacily of expansion ofthis species. The possibilities of colonization ofthis área by pioneer species of Chrysomya was discus-sed, considering the local environmental conditions. The importance of studies of endemic calliphorids (lies in áreas withoul prescnce of pioncers, in order to better understand the mechanisms of adaptation used by these species were striked.Resumo em Inglês:
Mullets, Mugilplalanus Günther, 1880. were obtained from the estua-rine area of CananÉia (São Paulo, Brazil) and from freshwater tearing tanks. For each fish the body weight, body length, gonad weight and gonad maturation stage were recorded and the allometric index (K) was calculated. Blood was collected for hematocrit (Ht), hemoglobin level (lib), total cell count (Er), and the determination of hematological indices (MCV. MCH, MCHC), as well as the differential leukocyte count (lymphocytes, monocytes, neutrophils, basophils and '"other cells"). The averages of the hematological analyses, hematological indeces, condition factor and leukocytes percentage of the specimens acclimated to fresh water were significantly higher than those of the specimens from the estuary.Resumo em Inglês:
The rediscovery of Tetranychus abacae Baker & Pritchard, 1962 is reported and additional description and drawings presented. New host and distribution records for 19 species of spider mites (Tctranychidae) in South America are given.Resumo em Inglês:
Cordiamyia globosa gen.n., sp.n. (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Cecidomyiidi) associated with Cordia verbenacea (Boraginaceae), in Brazil, is described and illustrated (larva, pupa, male, female and gall).Resumo em Inglês:
With then purpose of knowing the species of mosquitos that colonize an anthropogenic area in the North of Paraná, Brazil. 1496 specimens were captured by the humam bait method, accountig 23 species among them the following were predominam: Anopheles strodei Root, 1926; An. evansae Brethes, 1926; An. galvaoi Causey, Deane & Deane, 1943; An. albitarsis Lynch Arribalzaga, 1878; Coquillettidea juxtamansonia Chagas, 1907; Co. venezuelensis Theobaldi, 1912; Culex (Melanoconion) sp. e Aedes fluviatilis (Lutz, 1904) and showed shong anthopophilia and a high degree of adaptation to humam environment. On the cantray, the species that showed lilth adaptation to such ambients or to the geoclimatic conditions of the region were: Anopheles triannulatus (Neiva & Pinto, 1922); An. parvus (Chagas, 1907); An. lutzii Cruzi, 1901, Culex amazonensis (Lutz, 1905); Cx. chidesteri; Psorophora confinnis (Linch Arribalzaga, 1891); Ps. discrucians (Walker, 1856); Ps. cingulata (Fabricius, 1805) e Aedes scapularis. Although Anopheles argyritarsis Robineau-Desvoidy, 1827; Culex coronator Dyar & Knab, 1906; Cx. mollis Dyar & Knab, 1906 and Cx. quinquefasciatus Say, 1823, were captured in little numbers, it is knowntht they an mosquito of human surroundings. These mosquitos showed a plak of feeding activity directly related to sunset bat did not have a bimodal behaviour. Anophelinae were in general more active in spring while Culex Linnaeus, 1758; Coquillettidia Dyar, 1905; Aedes Meigen, 1818; Mansonia Blanchard, 1901 e Psorophora Robineau-Desvoidy, 1827 were more active in summer.Resumo em Inglês:
The post-marsupial growth, sexual differentiation, fecundity and reproductive biology of Hyale media Dana, 1853 living on Sargassum cymosum C. Agardh, 1820 are described. The growth was continuous througth 12 stages for males and 9 for females. The sexual differentiation occours at 2th or 3th moult and was demonstrated by the enlargment of the gnatopod II propod. Number of eggs increased with the female head length. Observations of courtship behavior, incubation, moult processes, emergence of juveniles and brood caracteristics were made. The precopula courtship continued for two days, the eggs were incubated for six days and the juveniles, that stay until three days in the marsupium, moult every day.Resumo em Inglês:
Descriptions and illustrations are made of the second larval instar of the larviparous species Charadrella mallacophaga.Resumo em Inglês:
With the purpose of characterize morphologically the hemocytes of larvae and nymphs of Rhipicephalus sanguineus on different nutritional phases, it was obtained samples of haemolymph were obtained by sectioning the forelegs and collecting the drop there formed. After dried, the samples were fixed by methanol and stained by Giemsa. Microscopical observation resulted in the characterization of five basic cellular types: prohemocytes, plasmatocytes, granulocytes, spherulocytes and oenocytoids. Moreover, undefined cell types, whose morphological patterns didn't have correlation with the characteristics cited for hemocytes, were found in low frequency. The change in the relative composition of the haemolimph was characterized by decrease of the number of granulocytes and greater variabilily of the cell types present in the hemolymph as the tick evolved. This fact may be linked to the alterations that these cells suffer along the development of the tick.Resumo em Inglês:
Mnesarete mariana sp.n. is described based on three male specimens collecled at Chapada Diamantina, in the Bahia State, Brazil. The new species is close to M. guttifera (Selys, 1873) but differs from it mainly by structure of the inferior anal appendages and by the presence of a tuft of hairs on each side of the hind part of the anterior lamina adjacent to the anterior hamuli. The appendages of M. guttifera are now illustrated for the first time.Resumo em Inglês:
Bigotomyia californiensis Malloch, 1923 and B. houghii (Stein, 1898) are transferred to Phaonia, redescribed and illustrated. A lectotype is designated for the former.Resumo em Inglês:
Biometric and reproductive aspects of Palaemon pandaliformis (Stimpson, 1871) from Ratones Mangrove, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, have been investigated. Individuals were monthly collected from August, 91 to July, 93 and the temperature and salinity registered. Biometry, sex-ratio, sexual maturity, fecundity and reproductive cycle have been determined. The temperature showed defined temporal distribution. This species presents animal reproductive cycle, relatively high individual and populational fecundity, and the ovigerous females were larger than males and other females of the same species.Resumo em Inglês:
Azya ilicis sp.n. from Brazil, is described. The new taxon is integrated into the most recent key to species.Resumo em Inglês:
The Brazilian fish fauna is still poorly known with respect to its diversity and conservation status, particularly of freshwater species. Human activities and population growth are rapidly impacting this fauna to an unchecked extent, so that many fish species are presently threatened. Also, some areas have been so critically altered that their fish fauna can no longer be properly inventoried. There is an urgent need to evaluate the conservation status of Brazilian fish species, since none are presently listed as endangered by federal legislation. Based on a literature search and a survey directed to the Neotropical ichthyologists, we present an unofficial list including a total of 78 threatened fish species (12 elasmobranchs and 66 actinopterygians). Of these, sixteen actinopterygian species are listed as endangered, three elasmobranchs and nine actinopterygians as vulnerable, and seven actinopterygians as rare; 40 species either have indeterminate status or are data deficient to yield an adequate assessment, and three species are listed as extinct or possibly extinct.Resumo em Inglês:
Seasonal variation of the food items of the "bagre-urutu", Genidens genidens is analysed based on monthly samples between September, 1993 and April, 1995 at the Guaratuba Bay, coast of Paraná. The stomach contents of 105 fish is analysed by the Occurrence Frequency Method and 41 of these have also been analysed by the Volumetric Method. Matching both methods using the Preponderance índices, a larger incidence of decapods is determined, followed by other crustaceans, molluscs, polychaets, fish, and plant material. The data show the existence of a strong seasonal variation in the diet.Resumo em Inglês:
The genus Alocha Melichar, 1926 (type species: Telligonia sórdida Signoret, 1855) is revalidated. The following new combinations are eslablished: Alocha lugubris (Young, 1977), A. própria (Young, i977)and A. rossi (Young, 1977), A. sórdida (Signoret, 1855) is a comb. rev. A new genus, Albiniana (type-species: Paromenia weyrauchi Young, i977), is described.Resumo em Inglês:
Bionomic characteristics of Sarconesia chloroüaster (Wiedemann, 1830) were obtained, rearing it with an artificial diet and a conlrolled temperature chamber set at 27±lºC, 70± 10% RH and 12 hours photophase. The duration of the wholeevolutive cycle ofS. cholorogaster was about 19.61 days. The incubation period was the shortest (14.30 hours), the pupal one (pre-pupal and pupal together) was the longest (9.57 days), followed by the larval period that had about 9.44 days. A life table for immature stages was done in order to obtain a survival curve. The average of the adults longevity was about 25.28 days. There is no statistical difference between the duration of male and female longevity. The duration of the periods of pre-posture and posture were almost the saine (8.41 and 10.96 days respectively), but the period of pos-posture was the shortest (5.15 days). The life tables for adults, males and females were also done and the survival curves were obtained. The results were similar for both sexes. Through the life table of fértil ity the number of generations of S. chlorogaster was estimated to be 9.81 generations/year. The females had a high fertility under the laboratory conditions used.Resumo em Inglês:
Morphological characteristics of the immature of Sarconesia chlorogaster (Wiedemann, 1830) were obtained rearing it on an artificial diet in a temperature controlled chamber set at 27±1ºC, 70±10% RH and 12 hours photophase. The egg, three larval instars and puparium were described and illustrated together with the lairval cephalopharyngeal skeleton. Some characters were studied, for the first time using the scanning electron microscopy.Resumo em Inglês:
Five new species of Bahita Oman, 1936, from Brazil, are described: Bahita fenica, B. anlonina, B. aguasina, B. variabilis and B. joseana.Resumo em Inglês:
The identification of insect fragments showed that the infestation was done, mainly, by Coleoptera of the genus Sitophilus Sch›nherr, 1838 (Curculionidae) and Rhizoperthadominica (Fabricius, 1792) (Bostrychidae), that are caracteristic of internai infestation, and in lesser percentage by insects charac-teristic of externai infestation, as Crylolestes spp. (Cucujidae), Tribolium spp. (Tene-brionidae), Oryzaephilussurinamensis(Linnacus, 1758) (Cucujidae) and Lasioderma serricorne (Fabricius, 1792) (Anobiidae). From the total of recovered and identified insect fragments, 59% were fragments of elytra, 23% of mandibles, and in minor percentage by tarsal segments, claws, tibial spurs, legs, tarsus, eyes, antennae, exuviae and larvae urogomphi.Resumo em Inglês:
Dissection of 286 specimens of the "false" coral snake Erythrolamprus aesculapii Linnaeus, 1766, combined with data on captive individuais, provided information on the reproductive biology of this colubrid snake. Adult females (x snout-vent length = 74.5cm) attain larger body size than males (x SVL = 62.6). Clutch size ranged from one to eight eggs and was correlated with maternal body size. Neonates measured 20.2-22.5cm SVL and weighed 5.1-5.8g. Males attain sexual maturity earlier than females. Reproduction seems to be aseasonal, with vitellogenesis occurring throughout the year. Apparently the growth rate of folheies decreases in the dry season, possibly due to lower tempeiatures during this period. Multiple clutches were recorded in captive snakes. Foraging strategies and availability of prey may explain continuous reproduction in E. aesculapii. However, data for other related snakes suggest that continuous reproduction is conservative in the Xenodontini.Resumo em Inglês:
The faunal composition of the Hydropsychidae (Trichoptcra) of Pedregulho Stream is presented. Feeding habits of larvae and behavioural aspects of both larvae and adults are described.Resumo em Inglês:
A diversified Lepidoptera fauna is found associated with Eucalyptus plantations in Brazil. From October 1990 to September 1991 twelve light traps were used in three regions of the Cerrado area with Eucalyptus plantations (Bom Despacho - BD, Três Marias - TM and Montes Claros - MC), in Minas Gerais State, Brazil. Twenty three Lepidoptera defoliator species were found in those regions. These species were affected by many factors, specially the plantation stage, the neighboring plant species, the type of brush vegetation and the species of Eucalyptus planted in a specific area. The saniples were not significantly different between regions in species richness (12 to 17 species; p=0.065) or eveness (0.53 to 0.70; p=0.779) in a randomized ANOVA test. Assuming a relation between the diversity and the vulnerability to pest outbreaks, it is sugested that the sampling points are equally vunerable. A cluster analysis revealed a clear separation between regions based in their species abundance and composition. In each region it is possible to show subsets of saniples fornied by the Eucalyptus species (MC) or the effect ofthe nearby regeneration áreas (TM). These differences suggest a species substitution process that do not alter the fixed community strueture shared by each region.Resumo em Inglês:
Epelaspis renatoi sp.n. and E. ketiae sp.n. (Phygadeuontinae, Hemitelini) from Jundiaí do Sul, Fênix, Telêmaco Borba, Ponta Grossa, Colombo, Curitiba, São José dos Pinhais, Morretes (Paraná), Tenente Portela and Quaraí (Rio Grande do Sul) are described.Resumo em Inglês:
The subespecie Lutreolina crassicaudata paranalis Thomas, 1923 is validated through analysis of variance of 13 craniometrical measurements. There is significam separation for sex in 10 of 13 craniometrical measurements. The possibility of validation of subespecies L. c. bonaria Thomas, 1923 through coloration variation is discussed.Resumo em Inglês:
For the first time the pollination of a poorly known, terrestrial orchid, Habenaria pleiophylla Hoehne & Schlechter, 1921 (Orchidaceae) by a passion vine butterfly, Heliconius erato phyllis (Fabricius, 1775) (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae) is reported. Number of pollinia-carrying individuals was determined on a population of H. erato phyllis in Horto Florestal Barba Negra, Barra do Ribeiro County, Rio Grande do Sul State. The pollination mechanism was described under laboratory conditions, in association with the butterfly feeding habit and the orchid flower morphology. Habenaria pleiophylla pollinia are cemented during nectar feeding on the ventral portion of the compound eyes near H. erato phyllis proboscis base. The pollinia are transferred to the stigma of other flowers during subsequent visits. Both males and females of H. eralo phyllis frequently visit H. pleiophylla flowers in the Barba Negra Forest. About forty percent of field collected adults had attached pollinia, ranging in number from one to 19 per individual. Thus, H. eralo phyllis may play an important role in the reproductive biology of this H. pleiophylla population.Resumo em Inglês:
From material collected in Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul States (Brazil) two new records of Trichorhina are presented (T. argentina Vandel, 1963 and T. tomentosa (Budde-Lund, 1893) as well as a description of a new species bicolor sp.n.). Lectotypes and paralectotypes of T. argentina are designated. A key for the species in the study area is also included.Resumo em Inglês:
A new name, Tiphiallen nom.n. is proposed for Allenella Genise, 1992 (Hymenoptera, Tiphiidae), preoccupied by Iredale, 1944 (Mollusca, Gastropoda).Resumo em Inglês:
Frequenamia delongi nom.n., is proposed for Frequenamia alrala DeLong, 1982, preoccupied by Frequenamia atrata Linnavuori & DeLong, 1978.