Resumo em Inglês:
Five new genera and fourteen new species of gall midges from restingas of Rio de Janeiro State are described. The larva, pupa, male, female and gall are described for each species. The new genera are: Arrabidaeamyia, Epihormomyia, Manilkaramyia, Mayteniella and Parazalepidota. The new species are: Arrabidaeamyia serrata, Asphondylia peploniae, Clinodiplosis diodiae, Clinodiplosis profusa, Clusiamyia granulosa, Dasineura couepiae, Epihormomyia miconiae, Lopesia grandis, Lopesia marginalis, Lopesia singularis, Manilkaramyia notabilis, Mayteniella distincta, Parazalepidota clusiae and Paulliniamyia ampla. Also, the larva of a previously described species, Clusiamyia nitida Maia, 1996 is described and Asphondylia byrsonimae Maia & Couri is transferred to Bruggmaniella.Resumo em Inglês:
A survey of nicteribiid batflies (Diptera: Nycteribiidae) was done in Paraná State, Brazil. Seven species of Basilia Miranda Ribeiro, 1903 were recorded. Basilia ortizi Machado-Allison, 1963 is a new record for Brazil.. Two species are new records for Paraná State, Basilia carteri Scott, 1936 and Basilia juquiensis Guimarães, 1946. The male of B. juquiensis Guimarães is characterized. Basilia lindolphoi sp. n. is described. Pictorial keys to species are presented, and female abdomens are illustrated.Resumo em Inglês:
Immature stages of Culicidae were collected in artificial containers in three conditions, between November 1997 and November 1998, in the rural area of São José dos Pinhais, Paraná, Brazil. Eight species were identified: Culex (Culex) eduardoi Casal & Garcia, 1968, Culex (Culex) acharistus Root, 1927, Culex (Culex) group coronator, Culex (Lutzia) bigoti Bellardi, 1962, Aedes (Protomacleaya) terrens (Walker, 1856), Limatus durhamii Theobald, 1901, Txorhynchites theobaldi (Dyar & Knab, 1906) and Phoniomyia sp. The Berger & Parker index was obtained for each condition and kind of container. These results were compared with those of Silva & Lozovei (1996) in the urban area of Curitiba. A greater number of species was observed in the rural area, with different dominance under each condition. The introduction of artificial containers can not show the number of Culicidae species that are present in an area, but it can indicate the species that show the greatest adaptability to environmental modifications produced by human activity.Resumo em Inglês:
A new genus, Timabiara, and a new species, T. bahiensis, are described from Brazil (Bahia). The Cleomenini key for neotropical genera presented by Napp & Mermudes (2001) is herein modified in order to include this new genus.Resumo em Inglês:
The present work studied protozoan parasites of cultivated fishes (N = 433) from two feefishing farm situated in Franca, São Paulo, Brazil, during a period of April 1997 through March 1999. Specimens of piauçú Leporinus macrocephalus Garavello & Britski, 1988 (Anostomidae), pacu Piaractus mesopotamicus Holmberg, 1887 (Characidae) carp Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus, 1758 (Cyprinidae), Tillapia rendalli Boulenger, 1896 (Cichlidae), nile-tilapia Oreochromis niloticus Linnaeus, 1758 (Cichlidae), matrinxã Brycon cephalus Günther, 1869 (Characidae) and tambacu hybrid (male of P. mesopotamicus x female of Colossoma macropomum Cuvier, 1818) were collected. The fishes were parasitized with protozoans Ichthyophthirius multifiliis Fouquet, 1876 (Protozoa), Trichodina sp. and Piscinoodinium pillulare (Schaperclaus, 1954), Lom, 1981 (Protozoa). In the cold season (autumn and/or winter) all species of fish were infected with I. multifiliis. Higher susceptibility to Trichodina sp. was observed in L. macrocephalus, C. carpio and P. mesopotamicus compared to tambacu, B. cephalus, T. rendalli and 0. niloticus. It was not observed significant difference (P > 0.05) in the seasonal variation of Trichodina sp. and P. pillulare infection of all species. A great number of P. pillulare without significant difference (P > 0.05) was reported to L. macrocephalus, P. mesopotamicus and tambacu.Resumo em Inglês:
Metazoan fauna from cultivated fishes (N = 433) in two feefishing farm of Franca, State of São Paulo, Brazil, was studied during a period of April 1997 through March 1999. Specimens of piauçú Leporinus macrocephalus Garavello & Britski, 1988 (Anostomidae), pacu Piaractus mesopotamicus Holmberg, 1887 (Characidae), carp Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus, 1758 (Cyprinidae), Tillapia rendalli Boulenger, 1896 (Cichlidae), nile-tilapia Oreochromis niloticus Linnaeus, 1758 (Cichlidae), matrinxã Brycon cephalus Günther, 1869 (Characidae) and tambacu hybrid (male of P. mesopotamicus x female of Colossoma macropomum Cuvier, 1818) were collected. A total of 29.3% was parasitized by monogenean, 9.7% with crustacean (copepodits and adults of Lernaea cyprinacea Linnaeus, 1758 and Argulus sp.) and 1.6% with myxosporean (Henneguya piaractus Martins & Souza, 1997 and Myxobolus colossomatis Moinar & Békési, 1993).The most susceptible species to myxosporean infestation was P. mesopotamicus. L. macrocephalus and P. mesopotamicus that showed a higher susceptibility to Argulus sp infestation. It was not observed significant difference (P > 0.05) in the seasonal variation of L. cyprinacea infection of all species. L. macrocephalus, P. mesopotamicus and tambacu showed a great number of P. pillulare with no significant difference (P > 0.05) between them. Monogenean infections were observed in all examined species, without significant difference (P > 0.05) in the seasonal variation. Nevertheless, occurrence of monogenean was higher in P. mesopotamicus and lower in Nile-tilapia. By the other hand, parasites number collected from P. mesopotamicus was lower in the winter. Copepodits of L. cyprinacea were found in the gills of P. mesopotamicus, tambacu and L. macrocephalus. However, adults of L. cyprinacea were observed only in the P. mesopotamicus and tambacu.Resumo em Inglês:
Temperature as an environmental factor has been a frequent subject of study, since it affects either directly or indirectly all living organisms. The determination of thermal limits (critical thermal minima - CTmin and maxima - CTmax) for the tropical ornamental freshwater teleost Xiphophorus maculatus Günther, 1866 (platyfish) was performed after their acclimation to the following temperatures: 15, 20, 25, and 30ºC, for seven days. After this period, the water temperature was elevated or reduced at a rate of 0.125ºC/min until CTmax and CTmin could be determined as the temperature at which 50% of the animals had lost equilibrium. Mean values for CTmax and CTmin for the acclimation temperatures of 15, 20, 25, and 30ºC were respectively: 39.8,39.8,40.4,41.5ºC (CTmax), and 9.6, 12.8, 13.1, 16.0ºC (CTmin). CTmax and CTmin for X. maculatus were thus affected by acclimation temperature. This tropical species is more heat- than cold- tolerant and would not resist the typical low winter temperatures of southern Brazil. Platyfish can adapt to natural environments in regions of mean annual temperatures around 20-25ºC or be kept in aquaria with other ornamental species that accordingly prefer this temperature range.Resumo em Inglês:
Centris (Ptilotopus) are large bees and important pollinators in the Neotropical region. Its biology and behavior is still poorly known and only a few observations have been published. In this paper, observations on the biology of C. (Ptilotopus) scopipes Friese, 1899, a species that occurs in the "cerrados" of Brazil, are presented. The study was conducted in the Estação Ecológica de Jataí, in Luiz Antônio, São Paulo, during the active period of the adults (November through April). Females collected pollen from flowers of Solanaceae and Caesalpiniaceae, by vibration, and floral oils from Malpighiaceae belonging to the genera Byrsonima, Banisteriopsis, Stigmaphyllon and Peixotoa. Floral resources are carried in the hind leg scopae to the nests, which are excavated in the walls of epigeous nests of the termite Procornitermes araujoi Emerson, 1952 (Termitidae, Nasutitermitinae). The main tunnel entered the termite nest at an ascending angle ending in a vestibulum. Two parallel, vertical burrows forming linear series of cells descended from the vestibulum. The upper cell (the nearest to the nest entrance) was filled with soil. This might represent a protection against parasites. During the study, one female of Acanthopus excellens Schrottky, 1902 (Apidae, Ericrocidini), a cleptoparasitic bee, was captured when leaving one of the nests. A male of C. scopipes emerged eleven months after cell closure, suggesting a univoltine cycle for this species.Resumo em Inglês:
The Dufour gland is found closely associated with the sting apparatus of all hymenopteran females, playing multiple roles among bees. In Apis mellifera Linnaeus, 1758 the gland is connected to the dorsal vaginal wall and, in queens, it produces egg-marking pheromones. In workers the function of this gland is unknown, except by its capacity to mimic the queen secretion in egg-laying workers. In an attempt to understand the development and to substantiate the present knowledge about the Dufour gland in A. mellifera, a morphometric study of the gland between and within the female castes was made. Glands of workers and queens with different ages and life stages were dissected and measured with an ocular micrometer adapted to a stereoscope. The results showed that the Dufour gland is larger in queens than in workers, and that among workers, the gland is larger in egg-laying and foragers than it is in newly emerged and nurse workers. The larger size of the gland in egg-laying queens and workers is in accordance with its role in reproduction. In forager workers the larger size of the gland suggest that, as happens in some species of bees, the gland may participate in pheromone production for nest-mate or nest-entrance recognition.Resumo em Inglês:
The environmental transformations constitute the principal cause of changes in biodiversity. This make the comparative studies between natural and altered environments very important. This research compare the beetle fauna at the following areas: isolated forest fragment and pasture at the secondary stage of succession. Beetles were collected using four pitfall traps baited with cattle meat in each area, fortnightly from November 1998 to April 1999. A total of 17,721 individuals from 30 families of Coleóptera in forest and 6,597 individuals belanging to 32 families in pasture was collected. The Sorensen index was used to calculate similarity, and Shannon index to calculate diversity. The qualitative similarity found was 0.70 and the quantitative similarity was 0.48. The mean Shannon diversity index found was 1.90 for forest and 2.01 for pasture; these values were not significantly different by T test. It was concluded that the beetle decomposer fauna collected was representative in both environments, which also contributes in the decomposition process of organic matter, in soil fertilization and also in control ling egg and larvae populations of parasitic flies.Resumo em Inglês:
The environmental transformations constitute the principal cause of changes in biodiversity decrease. This make the comparative studies between natural and altered environments very important. This work compare the fauna of Scarabaeidae at the following areas: isolated forest fragment and pasture at the secondary stage of succession. Scarabs beetles were collected using four pitfall traps baited with cattle meat in each habitat, fortnightly from November 1998 to April 1999. It was collected a total of 3,113 individuals from 32 species in forest and 956 individuals from 27 species in pasture. The Sorensen index was used to calculate similarity, and Shannon index to calculate diversity. The qualitative similarity found was 0.64 and the quantitative similarity was 0.10. A relevant difference was found in the diversity of two localities, the value found in pasture was 1.75 and in forest was 2.44; these values were significantly different by T test (p<0.001). Our results suggest that the changes in forest area for pasture area caused losses concerning biodiversity of Scarabaeidae and the respective functions of these organisms in the ecosystem.Resumo em Inglês:
Two species of Aplysina Nardo, 1834 are described in this article, Aplysina caissara sp. n. and A. fulva (Pallas, 1766). Additionally, a possible third species was identified as A. aff. cauliformis. Collections were done in the São Sebastião Channel area as an ongoing effort to assess the poriferan biodiversity of the northern sector of the São Paulo State coastline. Specimens were collected by scuba diving, and descriptions of external morphology are based on the observation of populations alive, and on extensive underwater photography. A literature review of other brazilian records of Aplysina was undertaken, and an ammended species list is offered.Resumo em Inglês:
Over 70 species of Halichondria Fleming, 1828 are known world-wide, but only five from the Brazilian Coast. Brazilian records have their status re-evaluated here, and four new species are described for the São Sebastião Channel area, in the Tropical Southwestern Atlantic, viz. H. cebimarensis sp. n., H. sulfurea sp. n., H. migottea sp. n. and H. tenebrica sp. n.Resumo em Inglês:
A survey of the Ilha Grande land snails was carried out in order to compare the diversity and similarity among two regions of secondary Atlantic Rain Forest. The diversity was estimated using the richness and the equitatibility; the alpha diversity was calculated using the Simpson index (γ). The Sörensen and Jaccard indexes were used to calculate the similarity. A quantitative survey of two 600 m² area, one in each studied region, recorded 336 individuals snails distributed in 23 species and 13 families. The region with more altered secondary forest showed higher richness (17) and diversity (γ = 3,6) than the region more preserved (richness = 14; γ = 2,78), but, the same equitatibility (0,20). The similarity was medium by Jaccard index (IJ = 0,52) and low by Sorensen index (IS = 0,15). These differences could be explained by the dominance of Subulinidae (four species and 117 specimens) in the more altered region and Systrophiidae in the more preserved (four species and 97 specimens).Resumo em Inglês:
The diet of Cichla monoculus (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) in Lajes's Reservoir, a major impoundment in Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil, was assessed, from fishes collected in 1994,1996 and 1999/2000. Gut contents in individuals was analyzed by the index of relative importance (IRI) which deals with numerical, gravimetrical and frequency of occurrence. Cichla monoculus showed a strong piscivorous habits feeding on Cichlidae, Characidae and Pimelodidae, in decreasing order of importance, with a remarkable cannibalism on young-of-the-year. Others minor items in the diet were Macrobrachium sp. and Odonata. Changes in feeding composition varied with reservoir's zones and seasons, with higher diversity in Autumn and peaks of cannibalism in lower zone during Spring/Summer. Overall, only one third of fish species composition in the reservoir are predated by C. monoculus. Condition factor (k) and fullness index varied closely with higher values in lower zone, and lower records in Winter.Resumo em Inglês:
A new species of Mycale Gray, 1867 bearing raphidotoxas is described from the Namibian coast (SE Atlantic). Mycale (Aegogropila) kolletae sp. n. is characterized by having raphidotoxas up to 590 µm long, three distinct categories of anisochelae, two categories of sigmas, very small raphides, and most of all, by toxas serrated in an unusual pattern (on the inner parts of all three bends). Mycale magnirhaphidifera Van Soest, 1984 is redescribed from the Brazilian coast, based on a population from the northern São Paulo State coastline. The remaining two species with raphidotoxas, viz. Mycale rhaphidotoxa Hentschel, 1912 and M. mannarensis Thomas, 1968 are revised. Levi's (1963) record of Carmia macilenta (Bowerbank, 1866) for the South African coast was reevaluated and found conspecific with M. kolletae sp. n. It has both raphidotoxas as well as toxas with bends which are serrated on their inner surfaces. An identification key for all the Mycale with raphidotoxas is given, and a discussion on possible phylogenetic interpretations for the occurrence of raphidotoxas is advanced.Resumo em Inglês:
A survey was conducted in three sites from northern and mid-eastern regions of the State of São Paulo, Brazil, to determine oribatid mite composition in patches of seasonal semideciduous forest and soybean crop plantation. A list of 52 taxa, 24 at the species level and 28 only at the genus level, is given, 27 of which are new records for the region.Resumo em Inglês:
One thousand two-hundred-four helminth samples recovered from Brazilian Ardeidae birds during 54 years were studied. Samples consisted of cestodes, trematodes, and nematodes, parasites of egrets and herons. Based on the present results 49 new host and three new geographical distribution records were established.Resumo em Inglês:
The authors observed the feeding and defecation times of the nymphs of T. melanosoma Martínez, Olmedo & Carcavallo, 1987. Two groups were studied, one maintained under controlled conditions of temperature and humidity, and the other under ambient conditions. There was no significant difference in the number of bloodmeals accomplished by the nymphs of the two groups. Until the fourth instar the nymphs needed less than two bloodmeals to reach the subsequent instar, and only in the fifth instar did they require more than three bloodmeals to reach adulthood. This species demonstrated great avidity to feed; in about 70% of the observed cases the insects initiated feeding in less than one minute. Full engorgement was also reached quickly; more than 70% of the bloodmeals lasted for 5 to 15 minutes. In the first three instars more than 70% of defecation was observed immediately after feeding, demonstrating a good vectorial potential. The differences in the conditions under which the insects were maintained, were insufficient to cause a significant difference in the results observed between the two groups studied.Resumo em Inglês:
Centronodus bilobalus sp. n. (Ecuador), Centronodus bolivianus sp. n. (Bolivia) and Centronodus magnificus sp. n. (Brazil), are described and illustrated.Resumo em Inglês:
Postanomus maculatus sp. n., from Brazil, Paraná, is described and illustrated.Resumo em Inglês:
Seven new species of Paracentronodus Sakakibara, 1971 from Brazil, are described: P. canarinus sp. n. (type loc: Pedro Canário, Espírito Santo); P. cristatus sp. n. (type loc: Sinop, Mato Grosso); P. favisiae sp. n. (type loc: Encruzilhada, Bahia); P. nalalinae sp. n. (type loc: Caraça, Minas Gerais); P. nevesi sp. n. (type loc: Caruaru, Pernambuco); P. nigrostriatus sp. n. (type loc: Sinop, Mato Grosso), and P. urbanae sp. n. (type loc: Encruzilhada, Bahia). Hemiptycha viridistriga Walker, 1858, considered by Metcalf & Wade (1965) in Hypheodana Metcalf, 1952, as Darninae genus, is transferred to Centronodinae, as Paracentronodus viridistriga (Walker, 1858) comb. n. Illustrations and a key for the species are also given.Resumo em Inglês:
Anilocra montti sp. n. (Isopoda, Cymothoidae) is described from the mouths and branchial chambers of caged salmon and trout from Puerto Montt, Chile. The description is based on a detailed study of 30 male specimens. No females were found, indicating that salminoids are not the normal hosts of the parasite. The new species differs from others in the genus by having carinae on pereopods 4-7, a pleon that is abruptly narrower than the pereon, second pleopods without appendices masculina, a pleotelson that is wider than long and uropods with subequal rami.Resumo em Inglês:
Thirty stray dogs Canis familiaris Linnaeus, 1758 were collected in San Juan de Lurigancho, Lima, Peru, between January and March 1997 and necropsied for helminths. Three species were collected: the cestodes Dipylidium caninum (Linnaeus, 1758) Railliet, 1892 and Taenia pisiformis (Bloch, 1780) and the nematode Toxocara canis (Werner, 1782) Stiles, 1905. Fifty per cent of the examined dogs showed one or two parasites. A total of 303 (0-116) helminths were recovered and the intensity of infection was 30,3. The Simpson index (C) for all parasite species was 0,414, indicating a dominance by one species in the parasite community. The mean diversity in the infracommunities of C. familiaris was H' = 0,038 and uniformity index of Pielou J = 0,207. Dipylidium caninum, T. pisiformis, and T. canis presented a prevalence of infection of 33,30%, 10% and 16,6% respectively. Dipylidium caninum presented the highest frequency and mean intensity of infection. Dipylidium caninum was the helminth with the highest dominance (94%) whereas the lowest was due to T. pisiformis (4%) and T. canis (2%). Helminths were not related to the age of the hosts, prevalence and mean intensity of infection. Out of the 10 equally divided segments of the intestinal gut, D. caninum was found from the 6th to the 9th segment. T canis preferred almost exclusively the 1st segment while T. pisiformis was randomly distributed.Resumo em Inglês:
Studies on the communities of galling insects and their host plants were performed in three "cerrado" physiognomies that occur in Minas Gerais: "campo sujo", "cerrado" sensu strictu, and "cerradão". Galls and host plants were collected along transects in a total of 3,000 herbs, 300 shrubs and 135 trees in each physiognomy. Ninety two species of galling insects (morphotypes) on 62 host plant species of 28 families were found. The highest galling insect richness was observed in the "cerrado". Approximately 75.0% of galling insects belonged to the Cecidomyiidae (Diptera). The highest gall frequency was found on leaves (58.70%) of the host plants, and was glabrous (83.70%). Most gall shape were elliptic (30.43%). A low similarity in galling insect species was observed among the three sampled physiognomies - the highest similarity index was observed between "cerrado" and "campo sujo" (SΦrensen index = 0.20), indicating that the presence of rare species of galling insects might be common in these environments.Resumo em Inglês:
The list of the 49 American nicteribiid batflies species is presented, with informations about countries and hosts that were found in the literature.Resumo em Inglês:
The use of nectar and pollen of a bromeliad by two heliconiine butterflies, Heliconius ethilla narcaea Godart, 1819 and H. sara apseudes (Hübner, [1813]) (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Heliconiinae), is herein reported. Observations were made during a pollination study of Aechmea gracilis Lindman (Bromeliaceae, Bromelioidea) in a second-growth forest of the village Vila Dois Rios, Ilha Grande, Rio de Janeiro State, southeastern Brazil. Field observations showed that H. ethilla can be more aggressive than H. sara in exploiting A. gracilis floral resources. Temporal differences in the use of these resources were also observed: H. sara remained comparatively less time on flowers than H. ethilla.Resumo em Inglês:
A new species of Centris Fabricius, 1804 is described as C. xanthomelaena (body size 15 mm, forewing length 10.33 mm, head width 5.25 mm, second abdominal tergum width 5.75 mm). The specimens were captured when visiting the yellow flowers of Chamaecrista amiciela (I. & B.) I. & B., Caesalpiniaceae and of Stimaphyllom auriculatum (Cav.) Adr. Juss, Malpighiaceae.Resumo em Inglês:
Prey foraging behavior in the Black Lion Tamarin, Leontopithecus chrysopygus (Mikan, 1823) was observed in the Caetetus Ecological Station, southeastern Brazil, during 550 hours of direct observations between December 1993 and February 1995. The scan sampling method was used to gather data. These tamarins use manipulative, specific-site foraging behavior. When searching for animal prey items, they examine a variety of microhabitats. The most important microhabitat used for prey foraging behavior was tree cavities (41% of the foraging observations), but palm trees (22%), bamboo (12%), vines (11%), bark (5%), seed pods of the "jequitiba" tree (4%), other places (3%) and epiphytes (2%) were also observed. Animal preys were frequently captured in understory (71.6%, n = 96) and in middle layers (21.6%, n = 29), but infrequently in the canopy (5.9%, n = 8) and in the ground (0.7%, n = 1). Prey foraging behavior showed a similar pattern to that observed for animal prey captured: 54.9% (n = 380) in understory, 35.5% (n = 246) in middle layers, 8.9% (n = 62) in the canopy and 0.6% (n = 4) in the ground. Thus, the understory and middle layers are the most important foraging areas. Also, apparently only L. chrysopygus, among the genus Leontopithecus, has adapted to areas with strong seasonality of climate and resources.Resumo em Inglês:
Calacarus heveae Feres, 1992 was the first eriophyid mite reported from Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg. This mite was first found in northwestern São Paulo State, Brazil. Feres (1998) described two additional species, Shevtchenkella petiolula and Phyllocoptruta seringueirae, from the same host and from same region. The commercial monocultural planting of the Amazonian rubber tree in the northwestern region of São Paulo State started about 18 years ago. In the Amazonian region, the native rubber tree grows dispersed between other plant species. Until now these eriophyids have been collected only on monocultural plantings. This paper reports the occurrence of C. heveae, S. petiolula and P. seringueirae on H. brasiliensis in the Amazonian Forest for the first time. The monocultural method in association with prevailing climatic conditions allows periodic outbreaks of these mites is believed. These new records for those three eriophyid species on rubber trees growing in natural conditions corroborate this hypothesis.Resumo em Inglês:
Specimens of Aedes albopictus (Skuse, 1894) were caugth using human bait with electric aspirator and a modified CDC trap.Resumo em Inglês:
The utilisation of multiple gears and the surveying of other areas than that of mangrove habitats have increased in 27 the number of fish species known in the Guaratuba Bay, an estuarine ecosystem located in the southern of Brazilian coastal region (25º52'S, 48º39'W). The new occurrence of a typically freshwater species (Pimelodidae) and of several Clupeiformes and Gobiidae species, reveals the importance of the salt marsh and the innermost zones of this Bay to the distribution of certain fish groups.Resumo em Inglês:
Two species of marine cladocerans, Penilia avirostris Dana, 1852 and Evadne tergestina Claus, 1877 were collected in thirteen samples at a fixed station in Guanabara Bay, Rio de Janeiro (30-meter depth) by means of vertical tows with a 200 µm mesh size net at different times from September 12th to 15th, 1995. The parthenogenetic females of Evadne tergestina bore mature embryos (with pigmented eye) only in the samples collected at night, whereas Penilia avirostris at any time of day. This phenomenon was interpreted based on the greater visibility of the Evadne tergestina brood: one of the benefits for embryo maturing during the darkness period would be a decrease of predation on gravid females.Resumo em Inglês:
The presence of Charybdis helleri (A. Milne Edwards, 1867), an Indo-Pacific species, in one of the estuaries of the State of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil is reported here.