Optimisation of the liquid-liquid extraction of soybean oil using a binary mixture<sup>1</sup>

Martins, Glêndara Aparecida de Souza; Peluzio, Joênes Mucci

doi:10.1590/S1806-66902015000100008

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Food Engineering • Rev. Ciênc. Agron. 46 (1) • Jan-Mar 2015 • https://doi.org/10.1590/S1806-66902015000100008 copy

Optimisation of the liquid-liquid extraction of soybean oil using a binary mixture¹

Otimização da extração líquido-líquido de óleo de soja com mistura binária

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The soybean has been widely studied due to its constituents and to their application. Authors have pointed out that its composition can vary, with its use frequently taking the form of oil. The oil extraction process, which is in constant application in the market, consists of the use of extraction solvents, with hexane being one of the most used; however the fact that this comes from non-renewable sources has aroused interest in its replacement. As a result, ethanol has been seen as an alternative solvent, despite increasing the cost of the process. This study therefore aims to evaluate the composition of three soybean cultivars planted in the region of Palmas, in the state of Tocantins, Brazil, and to optimise oil extraction from the beans through the use of a binary mixture of ethanol and hexane. The cultivars displayed high protein and lipid potential. The extraction time and temperature proved influential in the process. Ethanol, when present in greater quantity in the mixture, with an increase in temperature, caused an increase in the levels of extracted oil.

Extraction Solvent; Temperature; Time

Trial	Coded variables			Real variables
Trial	X1	X2	X3	X1 (min)	X2 (°C)	X3 (v/v)
1	+1	+1	+1	120	75	60/40
2	+1	+1	-1	120	75	40/60
3	+1	-1	+1	120	90	60/40
4	+1	-1	-1	120	90	40/60
5	-1	+1	+1	480	75	60/40
6	-1	+1	-1	480	75	40/60
7	-1	-1	+1	480	90	60/40
8	-1	-1	-1	480	90	40/60
9	0	0	0	300	82.5	50/50
10	0	0	0	300	82.5	50/50
11	0	0	0	300	82.5	50/50

Caracteristic	Cultivar
Caracteristic	TMG1182RR Mean ± SD	M7578RR Mean ± SD	M9144RR Mean ± SD
Fibre	2.59 a ± 0.17	2.54 a ± 0.53	2.76 a ± 0.16
Moisture	11.33 a ± 1.0	12.84 a ± 0.42	12.39 a ± 0.96
Ash	6.49 a ± 0.29	6.65 a ± 0.00	6.12 b ± 0.05
Proteín	35.23 a ± 0.16	36.03 ab ± 0.6	36.28 b ± 0.09
p^h	6.79 a ± 0.01	6.86 a ± 0.02	6.72 a ± 0.07
Titratable acidity	3.79 a ± 0.52	3.79 a ± 0.52	4.83 a ± 0.16
Lipids	18.41 a ± 0.75	19.21 b ± 1.9	18.81 a ± 0.27
Glycids	16.75 a ± 2.6	13.06 a ± 2.7	14.66 a ± 2.27

Cause of variation	Cultivar
	TMG1182RR		M7578RR		M9144RR
	GL	Mean square of Variable	GL	Mean square of Variable	GL	Mean square of Variable
Time (t)	2	3.533^* * Significant at 5%	2	2.422^* * Significant at 5%	2	3.064^* * Significant at 5%
Temperature (T)	2	7.389^* * Significant at 5%	2	4.39^* * Significant at 5%	2	1.343^* * Significant at 5%
Ratio Ethanol/Hexano (R)	2	3.639^* * Significant at 5%	2	1.053^* * Significant at 5%	2	1.747^* * Significant at 5%
t*T	0	3.533^* * Significant at 5%	0	2.422^* * Significant at 5%	0	3.064^* * Significant at 5%
t*R	0	3.533^* * Significant at 5%	0	2.422^* * Significant at 5%	0	3.064^* * Significant at 5%
T*R	0	7.389^* * Significant at 5%	0	4.39^* * Significant at 5%	0	1.343^* * Significant at 5%
tTR	2	3.962^* * Significant at 5%	2	4.15^* * Significant at 5%	2	1.565^* * Significant at 5%
Error	18	0.1656	18	0.676	18	0.153
CV (%)		1.63		3.32		1.54
General mean	24.9		24.728		25.4607

Soybean	Estimation Model	R²
TMG1182RR	17.8602 + 0.0631X1 + 0.1398 X2 - 22.6445 X3 - 0.0009 X1 X2 + 0.0124 X1 X3 + 0.2138 X2 X3	0.90
M7578RR	21.0893 + 0.0376 X1 + 0.0751 X2 - 14.9174 X3 - 0.0005 X1 X2 + 0.0086 X1 X3 + 0.1450 X2 X3	0.75
M9144RR	-11.0575 + 0.0671 X1 + 0.4083 X2 + 23.3286 X3 - 0.0007 X1 X2 - 0.0134 X1 X3 - 0.2427 X2 X3	0.95

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Optimisation of the liquid-liquid extraction of soybean oil using a binary mixture1

Otimização da extração líquido-líquido de óleo de soja com mistura binária

Optimisation of the liquid-liquid extraction of soybean oil using a binary mixture¹