Efeito da lastragem hidráulica e sólida no desempenho de trator agrícola

Zimmermann, Gabriel Ganancini; Savi, Daniel; Auler, André Carlos; Strapasson Neto, Lauro; Jasper, Samir Paulo

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Scientific Article • Rev. Ciênc. Agron. 53 • 2022 • https://doi.org/10.5935/1806-6690.20220059 copiar

Efeito da lastragem hidráulica e sólida no desempenho de trator agrícola

Autoria SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

RESUMO

A eficiência do trator agrícola pode ser acrescida com sua assertiva adequação operacional, sendo a lastragem um dos fatores fundamentais para obtenção de bons níveis de desempenho, pois está intimamente relacionada com o rendimento energético e operacional. Desta forma, o objetivo deste experimento foi avaliar o efeito de lastragem hidráulica e sólida, sob diferentes frações, no desempenho do trator agrícola. O experimento em faixas foi conduzido no delineamento de blocos casualizados, sendo os tratamentos compostos pelas cinco configurações massa de base (B0), B0 + 40% hidráulico (LH 40%), B0 + 40% sólido (LS 40%), B0 + 75% hidráulico (LH 75%) e B0 + 75% sólido (LS 75%), e quatro velocidades, com cinco repetições, totalizando 100 unidades experimentais. Para determinar a eficiência do trator 4 x 2 TDA com potência nominal de 125,2 kW foram monitorados os parâmetros de patinamento dos rodados, rotação do motor, consumo horário e específico de combustível, força, potência e rendimento na barra de tração, velocidade operacional e eficiência térmica do motor. Os dados coletados foram submetidos a análise de variância, e quando significativo, ao teste de Tukey e análise de regressão. Através dos resultados obtidos foi observado que a utilização da lastragem hidráulica na fração de 75% apresentou desempenho energético e operacional superiores, destacando-se as variáveis rotação do motor, força na barra de tração, velocidade operacional e consumo específico de combustível. Verificou-se que o incremento da velocidade operacional pode proporcionar ganho sobre a eficiência energética e operacional, no entanto, pode gerar sobrecarga no motor em algumas configurações de lastragem.

Palavras-chave:
Adequação agrícola; Consumo de combustível; Eficiência térmica do motor; Lastro

Ballast	Solid ballast (kg)		Hydraulic ballast (%)		Total mass (kg)		Total mass Σ (Kg) ^* * Mass distribution between axles according to Schlosser et al. (2020)	Mass ratio/Power (kg cv^-1)
Ballast	F	R	F	R	F	R		Mass ratio/Power (kg cv^-1)
0%	630	650	-	-	2.897	4.471	7.368	43.34
40% HB	630	650	40.0	40.0	3.230	5.068	8.576	50.45
40% SB	990	910	-	-	3.416	5.220	8.636	50.80
75% HB	630	650	75.0	75.0	3.965	5.659	9.624	56.61
75% SB	1800	1560	-	-	3.969	5.565	9.534	56.08

Analyzes	Evaluated variables
Analyzes	SLI (%)	ER (RPM)	OS (km h^-1)	DBF (kN)
Normality
Asymmetry	0.02	-1.00	0.52	-1.32
Kurtosis	-0.41	-0.61	-0.17	0.94
F-test
Ballasting (B)	90.21^ (p < 0.01). CV: Coefficient of variation. In each column, for each factor, means followed by the same capital letter do not differ from each other by the Tukey test (p < 0.05)	86.25^ (p < 0.01). CV: Coefficient of variation. In each column, for each factor, means followed by the same capital letter do not differ from each other by the Tukey test (p < 0.05)	116.17^ (p < 0.01). CV: Coefficient of variation. In each column, for each factor, means followed by the same capital letter do not differ from each other by the Tukey test (p < 0.05)	66.83^ (p < 0.01). CV: Coefficient of variation. In each column, for each factor, means followed by the same capital letter do not differ from each other by the Tukey test (p < 0.05)
Speed (S)	18.77^ (p < 0.01). CV: Coefficient of variation. In each column, for each factor, means followed by the same capital letter do not differ from each other by the Tukey test (p < 0.05)	471.92^ (p < 0.01). CV: Coefficient of variation. In each column, for each factor, means followed by the same capital letter do not differ from each other by the Tukey test (p < 0.05)	493.04^ (p < 0.01). CV: Coefficient of variation. In each column, for each factor, means followed by the same capital letter do not differ from each other by the Tukey test (p < 0.05)	108.66^ (p < 0.01). CV: Coefficient of variation. In each column, for each factor, means followed by the same capital letter do not differ from each other by the Tukey test (p < 0.05)
B x S	13.12^ (p < 0.01). CV: Coefficient of variation. In each column, for each factor, means followed by the same capital letter do not differ from each other by the Tukey test (p < 0.05)	52.54^ (p < 0.01). CV: Coefficient of variation. In each column, for each factor, means followed by the same capital letter do not differ from each other by the Tukey test (p < 0.05)	60.62^ (p < 0.01). CV: Coefficient of variation. In each column, for each factor, means followed by the same capital letter do not differ from each other by the Tukey test (p < 0.05)	79.21^ (p < 0.01). CV: Coefficient of variation. In each column, for each factor, means followed by the same capital letter do not differ from each other by the Tukey test (p < 0.05)
CV (%)
Ballasting (B)	5.08	2.54	3.31	1.74
Speed (S)	10.54	3.59	4.39	2.63
B x S	7.04	2.53	3.32	2.07
Means Test - L
B0	8.93 A	1.764 B	5.65 B	43.25 A
HB 40%	7.68 C	1.715 CB	5.51 CB	42.38 B
SB 40%	8.28 B	1.605 D	4.98 D	39.94 D
HB 75%	7.95 B	1.887 A	6.35 A	43.30 A
SB 75%	6.25 D	1.704 C	5.43 C	40.88 C

Analysis	Evaluated variables
Analysis	DBP (kW)	DBY (%)	HFC (L h^-1)	SFC (g kW h^-1)	ETE (%)
Normality
Asymmetry	0.42	0.42	0.25	-0.52	1.28
Kurtosis	-1.04	-1.04	-0.98	-0.61	0.95
F-test
Ballasting (B)	198.25^ (p < 0.01). CV: Coefficient of variation. In each column, for each factor, means followed by the same capital letter do not differ from each other by the “Tukey test” (p < 0.05)	198.27^ (p < 0.01). CV: Coefficient of variation. In each column, for each factor, means followed by the same capital letter do not differ from each other by the “Tukey test” (p < 0.05)	2.91^NS	19.17^ (p < 0.01). CV: Coefficient of variation. In each column, for each factor, means followed by the same capital letter do not differ from each other by the “Tukey test” (p < 0.05)	24.77^ (p < 0.01). CV: Coefficient of variation. In each column, for each factor, means followed by the same capital letter do not differ from each other by the “Tukey test” (p < 0.05)
Speed (S)	411.57^ (p < 0.01). CV: Coefficient of variation. In each column, for each factor, means followed by the same capital letter do not differ from each other by the “Tukey test” (p < 0.05)	411.48^ (p < 0.01). CV: Coefficient of variation. In each column, for each factor, means followed by the same capital letter do not differ from each other by the “Tukey test” (p < 0.05)	125.57^ (p < 0.01). CV: Coefficient of variation. In each column, for each factor, means followed by the same capital letter do not differ from each other by the “Tukey test” (p < 0.05)	57.41^ (p < 0.01). CV: Coefficient of variation. In each column, for each factor, means followed by the same capital letter do not differ from each other by the “Tukey test” (p < 0.05)	74.91^ (p < 0.01). CV: Coefficient of variation. In each column, for each factor, means followed by the same capital letter do not differ from each other by the “Tukey test” (p < 0.05)
B x S	102.47^ (p < 0.01). CV: Coefficient of variation. In each column, for each factor, means followed by the same capital letter do not differ from each other by the “Tukey test” (p < 0.05)	102.46^ (p < 0.01). CV: Coefficient of variation. In each column, for each factor, means followed by the same capital letter do not differ from each other by the “Tukey test” (p < 0.05)	11.38^ (p < 0.01). CV: Coefficient of variation. In each column, for each factor, means followed by the same capital letter do not differ from each other by the “Tukey test” (p < 0.05)	14.15^ (p < 0.01). CV: Coefficient of variation. In each column, for each factor, means followed by the same capital letter do not differ from each other by the “Tukey test” (p < 0.05)	16.04^ (p < 0.01). CV: Coefficient of variation. In each column, for each factor, means followed by the same capital letter do not differ from each other by the “Tukey test” (p < 0.05)
CV (%)
Ballasting (B)	3.41	3.41	9.19	8.37	8.70
Speed (S)	4.46	4.46	6.64	8.52	8.94
B x S	3.69	3.69	7.43	7.70	9.10
Means Test - L
B0	67.99 B	50.79 B	23.37	300 C	29.27 A
HB 40%	64.62 C	48.27 C	22.54	309 BC	30.25 A
SB 40%	54.75 D	40.90 D	23.52	363 A	23.56 B
HB 75%	76.05 A	56.81 A	25.06	293 C	30.26 A
SB 75%	62.12 C	46.40 C	24.05	339 AB	28.78 B

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