Performance of a planter-fertiliser under reduced soil preparation: furrowers, speeds and depths when sowing maize<sup/>

Souza, Cristiano Márcio Alves de; Canteiro, Nélio Rodrigo Ojeda; Coaresma, Mateus de Oliveira; Arcoverde, Salvio Napoleão Soares; Maciak, Paulo Alexandre Graciano

doi:10.5935/1806-6690.20220014

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Scientific Article • Rev. Ciênc. Agron. 53 • 2022 • https://doi.org/10.5935/1806-6690.20220014 copy

Performance of a planter-fertiliser under reduced soil preparation: furrowers, speeds and depths when sowing maize¹ 1 Research project funded by FUNDECT-MS, CNPq and CAPES

Desempenho de semeadora-adubadora em preparo reduzido de solo: sulcadores, velocidades e profundidades de semeadura do milho

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

The search to optimise agricultural systems by adapting mechanised sets for sowing maize, is essential for improving operational performance, energy efficiency and initial crop establishment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance and sowing quality of a planter-fertiliser for maize, in a dystroferric Red Latosol managed under reduced tillage, as a function of the type of furrower, depth of seed deposition and operating speed of the planter. The experimental design was completely randomised, in a split-plot scheme with three replications, where the plots represented the type of furrowing mechanism (shank or double-disk) and the subplots represented three displacement speeds (3.20, 5.15 and 7.32 km h^-1) and two sowing depths (35 and 40 mm). The best sowing quality for second-crop maize, the lowest power requirement at the tractor drawbar, the lowest specific and hourly fuel and consumption time, and the lowest travel reduction ratio are achieved when the tractor-planter-fertiliser set is configured to use a double-disk at a sowing depth of 35 mm. The adoption of higher displacement speeds results in increased operational and effective field capacity, as well as a lower energy demand when the tractor-planterfertiliser set develops speeds close to or greater than 7.32 km h^-1, irrespective of furrower type or soil depth.

Key words:
Sowing quality; Plant production; Soil management; Energy demand

SV	DF	Mean square
SV	DF	SEI	SE	NOR	DNL	GAP	FCe	FCo
Fu	1	0.4032^* * Significant at 5% probability by F-test. Mean values followed by the same letter do not differ by Tukey’s test at 5% probability. SV - source of variation. DF - degrees of freedom	401.334^* * Significant at 5% probability by F-test. Mean values followed by the same letter do not differ by Tukey’s test at 5% probability. SV - source of variation. DF - degrees of freedom	814.151^* * Significant at 5% probability by F-test. Mean values followed by the same letter do not differ by Tukey’s test at 5% probability. SV - source of variation. DF - degrees of freedom	42.453	492.100^* * Significant at 5% probability by F-test. Mean values followed by the same letter do not differ by Tukey’s test at 5% probability. SV - source of variation. DF - degrees of freedom	0.0584	0.0665
Error(a)	4	0.0448	30.629	130.569	70.301	88.291	0.1841	0.1539
V	2	0.0340	9.366	248.814	52.975	109.345	10.635^* * Significant at 5% probability by F-test. Mean values followed by the same letter do not differ by Tukey’s test at 5% probability. SV - source of variation. DF - degrees of freedom	6.9808^* * Significant at 5% probability by F-test. Mean values followed by the same letter do not differ by Tukey’s test at 5% probability. SV - source of variation. DF - degrees of freedom
V×Fu	2	0.0474	28.066	29.501	11.675	57.103	0.0605	0.0508
P	1	0.0434	32.111	676.0^* * Significant at 5% probability by F-test. Mean values followed by the same letter do not differ by Tukey’s test at 5% probability. SV - source of variation. DF - degrees of freedom	1.913	607.622	0.0111	0.0089
P×V	2	0.27×10^-5	2.250	0.711	16.133	19.213	0.0106	0.0089
P×Fu	1	0.0092	5.126	273.463	59.375	119.415	0.0214	0.0130
Fu×V×P	2	0.0075	1.335	0.411	24.585	25.935	0.0025	0.0015
Residuals	20	0.0424	19.889	134.916	36.447	165.171	0.0599	0.0493
Furrowers
Double-disk		3.27 a	81.18 a	51.74 a	6.35 a	51.42 a	2.39 a	1.35 a
Shank		3.06 b	74.50 b	42.23 b	4.23 a	44.03 b	2.31 a	1.26 a
Sowing speed (km h^-1)
3.20		3.18 a	78.18 a	46.01 a	4.34 a	49.63 a	1.44 c	0.60 c
5.15		3.23 a	79.15 a	45.40 a	7.53 a	47.07 a	2.32 b	1.21 b
7.32		3.10 a	76.20 a	49.54 a	4.00 a	46.48 a	3.30 a	2.09 a
Sowing depth (mm)
35		3.21 a	78.78 a	51.32 a	5.06 a	43.62 a	2.37 a	1.33 a
40		3.14 a	76.90 a	42.65 b	5.52 a	51.83 a	2.33 a	1.28 a

SV	DF	Mean square
SV	DF	Fb	Pm	EPH	Ch	Cs	s
Su	1	0.0487	3.6269	0.9487	3.8993	38265.88^* * Significant at 5% probability by F-test. Mean values followed by the same letter do not differ by Tukey’s test at 5% probability. SV - source of variation. DF - degrees of freedom	57.557**
Error(a)	4	1.7947	8.7076	13.975	1.5993	2964.733	13.410
V	2	12.878	957.64^* * Significant at 5% probability by F-test. Mean values followed by the same letter do not differ by Tukey’s test at 5% probability. SV - source of variation. DF - degrees of freedom	80.997^* * Significant at 5% probability by F-test. Mean values followed by the same letter do not differ by Tukey’s test at 5% probability. SV - source of variation. DF - degrees of freedom	190.298**	26827.77	660.23^* * Significant at 5% probability by F-test. Mean values followed by the same letter do not differ by Tukey’s test at 5% probability. SV - source of variation. DF - degrees of freedom
V×Su	2	6.1606	65.208	18.536	17.7231**	30040.67	36.657
P	1	21.814^* * Significant at 5% probability by F-test. Mean values followed by the same letter do not differ by Tukey’s test at 5% probability. SV - source of variation. DF - degrees of freedom	180.48^* * Significant at 5% probability by F-test. Mean values followed by the same letter do not differ by Tukey’s test at 5% probability. SV - source of variation. DF - degrees of freedom	61.426	1.5260	70198.50^* * Significant at 5% probability by F-test. Mean values followed by the same letter do not differ by Tukey’s test at 5% probability. SV - source of variation. DF - degrees of freedom	103.63^* * Significant at 5% probability by F-test. Mean values followed by the same letter do not differ by Tukey’s test at 5% probability. SV - source of variation. DF - degrees of freedom
P×V	2	3.0637	24.801	11.488	2.6453	7755.443	271.16**
P×Fu	1	98.937^* * Significant at 5% probability by F-test. Mean values followed by the same letter do not differ by Tukey’s test at 5% probability. SV - source of variation. DF - degrees of freedom	360.01^* * Significant at 5% probability by F-test. Mean values followed by the same letter do not differ by Tukey’s test at 5% probability. SV - source of variation. DF - degrees of freedom	435.05^* * Significant at 5% probability by F-test. Mean values followed by the same letter do not differ by Tukey’s test at 5% probability. SV - source of variation. DF - degrees of freedom	0.00004	897724.7**	1.1306
Fu×V×P	2	3.3918	2.6261	30.805	2.2104	13493.44	19.692
Residuals	20	4.2399	34.155	15.157	2.3974	13629.1	22.322
Furrowers
Double-disk		7.15 a	17.11 a	13.68 a	10.4 a	530.9 b	15.9 b
Shank		7.23 a	16.48 a	14.00 a	11.1 a	596.1 a	18.4 a
Sowing speed (km h^-1)
3.20		7.15 a	10.06 b	16.81 a	7.33 c	597.15 a	12.3 b
5.15		6.84 a	15.48 b	13.02 ab	9.88 b	584.07 a	13.5 b
7.32		7.58 a	24.85 a	11.69 b	15.1 a	509.50 a	25.7 a
Sowing depth(mm)
35		7.11 b	17.12 a	13.54 a	10.57 a	519.42 b	15.49 b
40		7.27 a	16.48 b	14.13 a	10.98 a	607.73 a	18.88 a

Furrower	Sowing depth
Furrower	35 mm	40 mm
	Drawbar force (kN)
Double-disk	4.87 aB	9.43 bA
Shank	4.79 aB	9.66 aA
	Engine power
Double-disk	11.08 aB	23.15 aA
Shank	11.08 aB	21.88 bA
	Energy demand (kWh ha^-1)
Double-disk	9.48 aB	17.87 bA
Shank	9.22 bB	18.78 aA
	Specific fuel consumption (g kWh^-1)
Double-disk	417.22 bB	798.26 aA
Shank	644.73 aA	394.11 bB

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Performance of a planter-fertiliser under reduced soil preparation: furrowers, speeds and depths when sowing maize1 1 Research project funded by FUNDECT-MS, CNPq and CAPES

Desempenho de semeadora-adubadora em preparo reduzido de solo: sulcadores, velocidades e profundidades de semeadura do milho

ABSTRACT

Performance of a planter-fertiliser under reduced soil preparation: furrowers, speeds and depths when sowing maize¹ 1 Research project funded by FUNDECT-MS, CNPq and CAPES