Morpho-physiological and productive biometry in semi-erect cultivars of the cowpea under different plant populations1

Bezerra, Antônio Aécio de Carvalho; Neves, Adão Cabral das; Rocha, Maurisrael de Moura; Brito, Lucélia de Cássia Rodrigues de

doi:10.5935/1806-6690.20170072

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Crop Science • Rev. Ciênc. Agron. 48 (4) • Oct-Dec 2017 • https://doi.org/10.5935/1806-6690.20170072 copy

Morpho-physiological and productive biometry in semi-erect cultivars of the cowpea under different plant populations¹ 1 Parte da Dissertação de Mestrado do segundo autor apresenta ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Agronomia - Agricultura Tropical da Universidade Federal do Piauí.

Biometria morfofisiológica e produtiva em cultivares semieretas de feijão-caupi sob diferentes populações de plantas

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

The aim of this study was to evaluate morpho-physiological and productive characteristics in four semi-erect cultivars of the cowpea under five plant populations. The experiment was conducted in the experimental area of Embrapa Meio-Norte in Teresina in the State of Piauí, Brazil (PI). The experimental design was of randomised complete blocks with four replications, in a 4 x 5 factorial scheme, for evaluating four cultivars (BRS Guariba, BRS Novaera, BRS Potengi and BRS Tumucumaque) and five plant populations (10⁵, 2x10⁵, 3x10⁵, 4x10⁵ and 5x10⁵ plants ha^-1). There were significant differences between cultivars for primary branch length (PBL), number of lateral branches (NLB), 100-grain weight (HGW), and dry-grain yield (GY). The maximum PBL of 58.5 cm was obtained with 300 thousand plants ha^-1, corresponding to an increase of 11.5% when compared to 100 thousand plants ha^-1. However, there was a reduction of 91.2% in NLB when compared to the populations of 100 and 500 thousand plants ha^-1. The increases of 188% obtained in the leaf area index (LAI) in the range of 100 to 500 thousand plants ha^-1 explain the linear increase in the crop growth rate (CGR) as being due to the greater production of leaf area; also, the decreases seen in the net assimilation rate (NAR), especially in the range of 100 to 300 thousand plants ha^-1, are explained as due to the consequent self-shading, which was intensified in the larger populations. LAI, light interception, and CGR in the cultivars increase in response to higher densities. HGW and GY are not significantly affected by the different populations.

Key words:
Vigna unguiculata; Growth; Production; Plant density

Cultivar	Comercial Class	Recommended Population1 (plants ha^-1)	Maturation Cycle (days)	Grain Yield (kg ha^-1)
BRS Guariba	White	200,000	65-70	1,475
BRS Potengi	White	160,000	70-75	922
BRS Novaera	White	200,000	65-70	1,074
BRS Tumucumaque	White	200,000	65-70	1,098

SV	DF	F-Test
SV	DF	PBL	NLB	LAI	LI	CGR	NAR	HGW	GY
Blocks	3	24.6^** ns, * and ** Not significant, significant at 5% and 1% respectively by F-test.	6.8^** ns, * and ** Not significant, significant at 5% and 1% respectively by F-test.	2.9^* ns, * and ** Not significant, significant at 5% and 1% respectively by F-test.	22.4^** ns, * and ** Not significant, significant at 5% and 1% respectively by F-test.	4.8^** ns, * and ** Not significant, significant at 5% and 1% respectively by F-test.	3.5^** ns, * and ** Not significant, significant at 5% and 1% respectively by F-test.	2.4^ns ns, * and ** Not significant, significant at 5% and 1% respectively by F-test.	30.3^** ns, * and ** Not significant, significant at 5% and 1% respectively by F-test.
Cultivars	3	34.0^** ns, * and ** Not significant, significant at 5% and 1% respectively by F-test.	14.6^** ns, * and ** Not significant, significant at 5% and 1% respectively by F-test.	0.9^ns ns, * and ** Not significant, significant at 5% and 1% respectively by F-test.	1.3^ns ns, * and ** Not significant, significant at 5% and 1% respectively by F-test.	1.3^ns ns, * and ** Not significant, significant at 5% and 1% respectively by F-test.	1.2^ns ns, * and ** Not significant, significant at 5% and 1% respectively by F-test.	55.0^** ns, * and ** Not significant, significant at 5% and 1% respectively by F-test.	15.4^** ns, * and ** Not significant, significant at 5% and 1% respectively by F-test.
Populations	4	1.8^-- -- Study of polynomial regression	38.4^-- -- Study of polynomial regression	19.1^-- -- Study of polynomial regression	4.1^-- -- Study of polynomial regression	2.7^-- -- Study of polynomial regression	1.7^-- -- Study of polynomial regression	0.3^-- -- Study of polynomial regression	1.1^-- -- Study of polynomial regression
Interaction	12	0.8^ns ns, * and ** Not significant, significant at 5% and 1% respectively by F-test.	1.2^ns ns, * and ** Not significant, significant at 5% and 1% respectively by F-test.	0.7^ns ns, * and ** Not significant, significant at 5% and 1% respectively by F-test.	0.9^ns ns, * and ** Not significant, significant at 5% and 1% respectively by F-test.	0.6^ns ns, * and ** Not significant, significant at 5% and 1% respectively by F-test.	0.7^ns ns, * and ** Not significant, significant at 5% and 1% respectively by F-test.	0.5^ns ns, * and ** Not significant, significant at 5% and 1% respectively by F-test.	1.1^ns ns, * and ** Not significant, significant at 5% and 1% respectively by F-test.
Overall mean		2.94	0.85	1.52	66.9	10.2	5.3	20.8	1130.5
CV%		16.9	33.3	14.3	20.9	30.0	26.1	4.7	12.7

Cultivar	Mean¹ 1 Mean values followed by the same letter in a column do not differ by Tukey's test (p<0.05)
Cultivar	PBL (cm)	NLB	HGW (g)	GY (kg ha^-1)
BRS Guariba	70.9 a	1.4b	19.0d	981b
BRS Potengi	38.8 d	1.9a	20.0c	1230a
BRS Novaera	51.4 c	1.3b	23.0a	1240a
BRS Tumucumaque	61.9 b	0.9c	21.0b	1069b
l.s.d	8.8	0.4	0.82	120.3

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Morpho-physiological and productive biometry in semi-erect cultivars of the cowpea under different plant populations1 1 Parte da Dissertação de Mestrado do segundo autor apresenta ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Agronomia - Agricultura Tropical da Universidade Federal do Piauí.

Biometria morfofisiológica e produtiva em cultivares semieretas de feijão-caupi sob diferentes populações de plantas

ABSTRACT

Morpho-physiological and productive biometry in semi-erect cultivars of the cowpea under different plant populations¹ 1 Parte da Dissertação de Mestrado do segundo autor apresenta ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Agronomia - Agricultura Tropical da Universidade Federal do Piauí.