Inoculação do milho com <i>Azospirillum brasilense</i> no sulco de semeadura

Morais, Tâmara Prado de; Brito, Césio Humberto de; Brandão, Afonso Maria; Rezende, Wender Santos

doi:10.5935/1806-6690.20160034

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Crop Science • Rev. Ciênc. Agron. 47 (2) • Apr-Jun 2016 • https://doi.org/10.5935/1806-6690.20160034 copiar

Inoculação do milho com Azospirillum brasilense no sulco de semeadura

Autoria SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

RESUMO

Diversos estudos abordando a inoculação de cereais com micro-organismos diazotróficos são encontrados na literatura. Porém, em muitos experimentos os pesquisadores têm negligenciado a viabilidade da aplicação desses micro-organismos no sulco de semeadura, juntamente com as sementes, e o efeito da concentração das bactérias na fitoestimulação. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito de doses de inoculante à base de Azospirillum brasilense aplicadas no sulco de semeadura do milho em combinação com diferentes doses de adubação nitrogenada. O experimento foi realizado em campo, em solo de cerrado. Adotou-se o delineamento estatístico de blocos ao acaso em esquema de faixas, composto por doses de nitrogênio (40; 100; 200 e 300 kg ha^-1) e doses de inoculante líquido à base de A. brasilense aplicadas no sulco de semeadura (0; 100; 200; 300 e 400 mL ha^-1). A dose de 200 mL ha^-1 de Azospirillum se destacou na produção de grãos de milho. Este é o primeiro relato da aplicação eficiente de Azospirillum no sulco de semeadura do milho no cerrado brasileiro.

Palavras-chave:
Bactéria diazotrófica; Doses de nitrogênio; Concentração bacteriana; Zea mays L.

Chemical											Physical
pH	P meh^-1	K⁺	Ca²⁺	Mg²⁺	Al³⁺	Al+H	CEC	T_CEC	BS	O.M.	clay
(H₂O)	(mg dm^-3)	(cmol_c dm^-3)							(%)	(dag kg^-1)	(g kg^-1)
5.5	15.12	0.37	2.4	0.65	0.0	3.6	7.0	3.42	48	3.4	411

SV	GL	------------------------------------------Mean Square------------------------------------------
SV	GL	Stand	lodged	broken¹ 1 data transformed by log10 (x + 1)	productivity² 2 data transformed by √ x	rot³ 3 data transformed by arcosen (√ x/100).
Block	11	61.25^* * and ns significant and not significant respectively at 5% by F-test	586,513^ns * and ns significant and not significant respectively at 5% by F-test	1.80^ns * and ns significant and not significant respectively at 5% by F-test	97.70^* * and ns significant and not significant respectively at 5% by F-test	17.38^ns * and ns significant and not significant respectively at 5% by F-test
Azospirillum	4	102.31^* * and ns significant and not significant respectively at 5% by F-test	881,620^ns * and ns significant and not significant respectively at 5% by F-test	1.69^ns * and ns significant and not significant respectively at 5% by F-test	30.72^* * and ns significant and not significant respectively at 5% by F-test	38.70^ns * and ns significant and not significant respectively at 5% by F-test
Residual 1	44	14.78	837,229	1.73	0.84	31.29
Nitrogen	3	12.92^ns * and ns significant and not significant respectively at 5% by F-test	88,91^ns * and ns significant and not significant respectively at 5% by F-test	0.74^ns * and ns significant and not significant respectively at 5% by F-test	554.82^* * and ns significant and not significant respectively at 5% by F-test	20.55^ns * and ns significant and not significant respectively at 5% by F-test
Residual 2	33	10.47	532,806	1.87	1.13	47.74
Azos^* * and ns significant and not significant respectively at 5% by F-test N	12	11.32^ns * and ns significant and not significant respectively at 5% by F-test	1,204,125^* * and ns significant and not significant respectively at 5% by F-test	1.23^ns * and ns significant and not significant respectively at 5% by F-test	13.50^* * and ns significant and not significant respectively at 5% by F-test	14.33^ns * and ns significant and not significant respectively at 5% by F-test
Residual 3	132	11.74	571,168	1.75	0.67	26.64
CV 1 (%)		5.21	383.30	186.49	0.80	34.37
CV 2 (%)		4.39	305.78	194.18	0.93	42.46
CV 3 (%)		4.65	316.59	187.82	0.72	31.71

Azospirillum (mL ha^-1)	¹ 1 mean values followed by different letters differ by Tukey's test at 0.05 significance; Stand (plants ha^-1)
0	72,833 b
100	73,458 b
200	76,292 a
300	73,375 b
400	72,752 b
² 2 F (Tukey); K-S; F: statistics for Tukey's test for additivity, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and Levene's test respectively; values in bold indicate respectively treatments and blocks with additive effects, error normality and homogeneity of variance F (Tukey) = 0.546	MSD = 2,233
² 2 F (Tukey); K-S; F: statistics for Tukey's test for additivity, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and Levene's test respectively; values in bold indicate respectively treatments and blocks with additive effects, error normality and homogeneity of variance K-S = 0.051	² 2 F (Tukey); K-S; F: statistics for Tukey's test for additivity, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and Levene's test respectively; values in bold indicate respectively treatments and blocks with additive effects, error normality and homogeneity of variance F = 1.252

Nitrogen (kg ha^-1)	Azospirillum (mL ha^-1)¹ 1 mean values followed by different lowercase letters on a line and uppercase letters in a column differ by Tukey's test at 0.05 significance;
Nitrogen (kg ha^-1)	0	100	200	300	400
40	86.80 a	0.00 a A	260.42 a A	607.64 a A	173.61 a A
100	347.22 a	86.80 a A	173.61 a A	0.00 a A	434.03 a A
200	260.42 a	434.03 a A	86.80 a A	694.44 a A	0.00 a A
300	1,041.67 a	0.00 b A	0.00 b A	0.00 b A	86.80 b A
MSD_Azos = 899.12	MSD_N = 795.57
² 2 F (Tukey); K-S; F: statistics for Tukey's test for additivity, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and Levene's test respectively; values in bold indicate respectively treatments and blocks with additive effects, error normality and homogeneity of variance F (Tukey) = 19.764	² 2 F (Tukey); K-S; F: statistics for Tukey's test for additivity, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and Levene's test respectively; values in bold indicate respectively treatments and blocks with additive effects, error normality and homogeneity of variance K-S = 0.283	² 2 F (Tukey); K-S; F: statistics for Tukey's test for additivity, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and Levene's test respectively; values in bold indicate respectively treatments and blocks with additive effects, error normality and homogeneity of variance F = 4.139

Nitrogen (kg ha^-1)	Azospirillum (mL ha^-1)¹ 1 mean values followed by different letters on a line differ by Tukey's test at 0.05 significance; ^,² 2 data transformed by √x
Nitrogen (kg ha^-1)	0	100	200	300	400
100	12.76 b	13.04 a	13.21 a	12.76 b	13.11 a
200	13.06 c	13.41 b	14.00 a	13.54 b	13.88 a
300	13.29 b	13.94 a	13.73 a	13.79 a	13.82 a
MSD = 0.95
³ 3 F (Tukey); K-S; F: statistics for Tukey's test for additivity, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and Levene's test respectively; values in bold indicate respectively treatments and blocks with additive effects, error normality and homogeneity of variance F (Tukey) = 0.264	³ 3 F (Tukey); K-S; F: statistics for Tukey's test for additivity, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and Levene's test respectively; values in bold indicate respectively treatments and blocks with additive effects, error normality and homogeneity of variance K-S = 0.107	³ 3 F (Tukey); K-S; F: statistics for Tukey's test for additivity, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and Levene's test respectively; values in bold indicate respectively treatments and blocks with additive effects, error normality and homogeneity of variance F = 4.949

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