Rendimento da aveia sob aplicações de nitrogênio em agrofloresta com eucalipto no subtrópico brasileiro

Deiss, Leonardo; Moraes, Anibal de; Pelissari, Adelino; Silva, Vanderley Porfírio da; Andreolla, Veruschka Rocha Medeiros

doi:10.5935/1806-6690.20160056

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Fitotecnia • Rev. Ciênc. Agron. 47 (3) • Jul-Sep 2016 • https://doi.org/10.5935/1806-6690.20160056 copiar

Rendimento da aveia sob aplicações de nitrogênio em agrofloresta com eucalipto no subtrópico brasileiro

Autoria SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

RESUMO

A adequação das práticas agronômicas é ferramenta chave para o desenvolvimento dos sistemas integrados de produção agropecuária (SIPA). O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar como o acúmulo de fitomassa, componentes de rendimento e rendimento da aveia (Avena sativa L. cv. IPR 126) são influenciados por doses de nitrogênio (12 e 80 kg N ha^-1) em cinco posições equidistantes entre renques com linhas duplas [20 m (4 m x 3 m)] de eucaliptos (Eucalyptus dunnii Maiden) em SIPA e em agricultura tradicional (sem árvores) em sistemas sem revolvimento do solo no subtrópico brasileiro. O experimento foi conduzido em faixas, em delineamento de blocos ao acaso com quatro repetições. No final do ciclo da aveia, verificou-se compensação do menor número de espiguetas por panícula pelo maior número de grãos por espigueta, assim como maiores índices de colheita onde a aveia acumulou menos fitomassa, em ambientes com alta interação interespecífica. O nitrogênio aumentou o rendimento da aveia diferentemente em posições relativas às árvores em SIPA. Portanto, diferentes doses de nitrogênio podem ser usadas nestas posições para aumentar a eficiência no uso no nitrogênio em SIPA com eucaliptos no subtrópico do Brasil.

Palavras-chave:
Adubação; Competição interespecífica; Acamamento; Pequenos cereais

N levels	Positions						Mean
	A^a a positions: A: 2.8 m, B: 6.4 m, C: 10.0 m, D: 13.6 m and E: 17.2 m away from track positioned at the lowest elevation of the slope, between two adjacent eucalyptus (Eucalyptus dunnii Maiden) double line tracks [20 m (4 m x 3 m)]. Values followed (within column) by the same capital case letters and lowercase letters, are not significantly different using the Duncan's test at the 0.05 level of probability.	B	C	D	E	F
	Above-ground phytomass (g m^-2)
80 kg N ha^-1	212 a^*** b , , ** and ns(within line) indicates the significance at 0.10, 0.05, 0.01 and non significant, respectively, of the comparison with a control by the Dunnett two sided test ^b b , , ** and ns(within line) indicates the significance at 0.10, 0.05, 0.01 and non significant, respectively, of the comparison with a control by the Dunnett two sided test	223 a^*** b , , ** and ns(within line) indicates the significance at 0.10, 0.05, 0.01 and non significant, respectively, of the comparison with a control by the Dunnett two sided test	291 a^*** b , , ** and ns(within line) indicates the significance at 0.10, 0.05, 0.01 and non significant, respectively, of the comparison with a control by the Dunnett two sided test	324 a^*** b , , ** and ns(within line) indicates the significance at 0.10, 0.05, 0.01 and non significant, respectively, of the comparison with a control by the Dunnett two sided test	387 a^*** b , , ** and ns(within line) indicates the significance at 0.10, 0.05, 0.01 and non significant, respectively, of the comparison with a control by the Dunnett two sided test	610 a Control	341 A
12 kg N ha^-1	136 b^*** b , , ** and ns(within line) indicates the significance at 0.10, 0.05, 0.01 and non significant, respectively, of the comparison with a control by the Dunnett two sided test	186 a^*** b , , ** and ns(within line) indicates the significance at 0.10, 0.05, 0.01 and non significant, respectively, of the comparison with a control by the Dunnett two sided test	279 a^** b , , ** and ns(within line) indicates the significance at 0.10, 0.05, 0.01 and non significant, respectively, of the comparison with a control by the Dunnett two sided test	193 b^*** b , , ** and ns(within line) indicates the significance at 0.10, 0.05, 0.01 and non significant, respectively, of the comparison with a control by the Dunnett two sided test	184 b^*** b , , ** and ns(within line) indicates the significance at 0.10, 0.05, 0.01 and non significant, respectively, of the comparison with a control by the Dunnett two sided test	408 b Control	231 B
Mean	174^*** b , , ** and ns(within line) indicates the significance at 0.10, 0.05, 0.01 and non significant, respectively, of the comparison with a control by the Dunnett two sided test	204^*** b , , ** and ns(within line) indicates the significance at 0.10, 0.05, 0.01 and non significant, respectively, of the comparison with a control by the Dunnett two sided test	285^*** b , , ** and ns(within line) indicates the significance at 0.10, 0.05, 0.01 and non significant, respectively, of the comparison with a control by the Dunnett two sided test	258^*** b , , ** and ns(within line) indicates the significance at 0.10, 0.05, 0.01 and non significant, respectively, of the comparison with a control by the Dunnett two sided test	286^*** b , , ** and ns(within line) indicates the significance at 0.10, 0.05, 0.01 and non significant, respectively, of the comparison with a control by the Dunnett two sided test	509 Control	286

N levels	Positions						Mean
N levels	A^a a positions: A: 2.8 m, B: 6.4 m, C: 10.0 m, D: 13.6 m and E: 17.2 m away from track positioned at the lowest elevation of the slope, between two adjacent eucalyptus (Eucalyptus dunnii Maiden) double line tracks [20 m (4 m x 3 m)].	B	C	D	E	F	Mean
Panicle (m^-2)
80 kg N ha^-1	219	186	163	211	258	278	219
12 kg N ha^-1	182	179	199	232	233	235	210
Mean	201^* *b , , * and ns (within column) indicates the significance at 0.10, 0.05, 0.01 and non significant, respectively, of the comparison with a control by the Dunnett two sided test. ^b b , , and ns (within column) indicates the significance at 0.10, 0.05, 0.01 and non significant, respectively, of the comparison with a control by the Dunnett two sided test.	183^ b , , and ns (within column) indicates the significance at 0.10, 0.05, 0.01 and non significant, respectively, of the comparison with a control by the Dunnett two sided test.	181^ b , , and ns (within column) indicates the significance at 0.10, 0.05, 0.01 and non significant, respectively, of the comparison with a control by the Dunnett two sided test.	222^ns *b , , * and ns** (within column) indicates the significance at 0.10, 0.05, 0.01 and non significant, respectively, of the comparison with a control by the Dunnett two sided test.	246^ns *b , , * and ns** (within column) indicates the significance at 0.10, 0.05, 0.01 and non significant, respectively, of the comparison with a control by the Dunnett two sided test.	256 Control	215
Spikelets (panicle^-1)
80 kg N ha^-1	14.9	14.9	18.4	23.5	17.2	25.2	19A
12 kg N ha^-1	10.5	16.3	18.1	18	15.3	19	16.2B
Mean	12.7^ b , , and ns (within column) indicates the significance at 0.10, 0.05, 0.01 and non significant, respectively, of the comparison with a control by the Dunnett two sided test.	15.6^* *b , , * and ns** (within column) indicates the significance at 0.10, 0.05, 0.01 and non significant, respectively, of the comparison with a control by the Dunnett two sided test.	18.3^ns *b , , * and ns** (within column) indicates the significance at 0.10, 0.05, 0.01 and non significant, respectively, of the comparison with a control by the Dunnett two sided test.	20.8^ns *b , , * and ns** (within column) indicates the significance at 0.10, 0.05, 0.01 and non significant, respectively, of the comparison with a control by the Dunnett two sided test.	16.3^ns *b , , * and ns** (within column) indicates the significance at 0.10, 0.05, 0.01 and non significant, respectively, of the comparison with a control by the Dunnett two sided test.	22.1 Control	17.6
Aborted spikelets (panicle^-1)
80 kg N ha^-1	2.45	2.64	3.27	2.75	2.4	2.96	2.75A
12 kg N ha^-1	0.5	1.21	1.28	0.43	1.02	0.82	0.88B
Mean	1.48	1.93	2.27	1.59	1.71	1.89	1.81
Grain (spikelet^-1)
80 kg N ha^-1	1.46	1.34	1.48	1.6	1.51	1.4	1.47B
12 kg N ha^-1	1.77	1.53	1.51	1.6	1.72	1.43	1.59A
Mean	1.61^ b , , and ns (within column) indicates the significance at 0.10, 0.05, 0.01 and non significant, respectively, of the comparison with a control by the Dunnett two sided test.	1.44^ns *b , , * and ns** (within column) indicates the significance at 0.10, 0.05, 0.01 and non significant, respectively, of the comparison with a control by the Dunnett two sided test.	1.5^ns *b , , * and ns** (within column) indicates the significance at 0.10, 0.05, 0.01 and non significant, respectively, of the comparison with a control by the Dunnett two sided test.	1.6^* *b , , * and ns** (within column) indicates the significance at 0.10, 0.05, 0.01 and non significant, respectively, of the comparison with a control by the Dunnett two sided test.	1.61^ b , , and ns (within column) indicates the significance at 0.10, 0.05, 0.01 and non significant, respectively, of the comparison with a control by the Dunnett two sided test.	1.41 Control	1.53
W. 100 1º (g)^c Weight of c primary and d secondary grains with husks, from spikelets with two or e one grains. Values followed by the same capital case letters (within column) are not significantly different using the Duncan's test
80 kg N ha^-1	3.1	2.7	2.7	2.4	2.6	2.6	2.7
12 kg N ha^-1	3.1	3.1	2.7	2.7	2.9	2.7	2.9
Mean	3.1	2.9	2.7	2.6	2.8	2.6	2.8
W. 100 2º (g)^d Weight of c primary and d secondary grains with husks, from spikelets with two or e one grains. Values followed by the same capital case letters (within column) are not significantly different using the Duncan's test
80 kg N ha^-1	1.3	1.1	1.1	1.1	1	1.2	1.1
12 kg N ha^-1	1.3	1.3	1.1	1.1	1.2	1.2	1.2
Mean	1.3	1.2	1.1	1.1	1.1	1.2	1.2
W. 100 sole 1º (g)^e Weight of c primary and d secondary grains with husks, from spikelets with two or e one grains. Values followed by the same capital case letters (within column) are not significantly different using the Duncan's test
80 kg N ha^-1	1.4	1.1	1	1	1.1	1.1	1.1
12 kg N ha^-1	1.5	1.1	0.9	0.9	0.9	0.8	1
Mean	1.5^ b , , and ns (within column) indicates the significance at 0.10, 0.05, 0.01 and non significant, respectively, of the comparison with a control by the Dunnett two sided test.	1.1^ns *b , , * and ns** (within column) indicates the significance at 0.10, 0.05, 0.01 and non significant, respectively, of the comparison with a control by the Dunnett two sided test.	0.9^ns *b , , * and ns** (within column) indicates the significance at 0.10, 0.05, 0.01 and non significant, respectively, of the comparison with a control by the Dunnett two sided test.	1^ns *b , , * and ns** (within column) indicates the significance at 0.10, 0.05, 0.01 and non significant, respectively, of the comparison with a control by the Dunnett two sided test.	1^ns *b , , * and ns** (within column) indicates the significance at 0.10, 0.05, 0.01 and non significant, respectively, of the comparison with a control by the Dunnett two sided test.	0.9 Control	1.1

N levels	Positions						Mean
N levels	A^a a positions (P): A: 2.8 m, B: 6.4 m, C: 10.0 m, D: 13.6 m and E: 17.2 m away from track positioned at the lowest elevation of the slope, between two adjacent eucalyptus (Eucalyptus dunnii Maiden) double line tracks [20 m (4 m x 3 m)]. Values followed by the same capital case letters (within column) and lowercase letters (within column inside each position) are not significantly different using the Duncan's test.	B	C	D	E	F	Mean
Yield (kg ha^-1)^d d Calculated without moisture of grains
80 kg N ha^-1	487 a^* *b , , * and ns (within column) indicates the significance at 0.10, 0.05, 0.01 and non significant, respectively, of the comparison with a control by the Dunnett two sided test.c Estimated with 13% moisture. ^b b , , and ns (within column) indicates the significance at 0.10, 0.05, 0.01 and non significant, respectively, of the comparison with a control by the Dunnett two sided test.c Estimated with 13% moisture.	377 a^* b , , and ns (within column) indicates the significance at 0.10, 0.05, 0.01 and non significant, respectively, of the comparison with a control by the Dunnett two sided test.c Estimated with 13% moisture.	433 a^ b , , and ns (within column) indicates the significance at 0.10, 0.05, 0.01 and non significant, respectively, of the comparison with a control by the Dunnett two sided test.c Estimated with 13% moisture.	636 a^ns *b , , * and ns** (within column) indicates the significance at 0.10, 0.05, 0.01 and non significant, respectively, of the comparison with a control by the Dunnett two sided test.c Estimated with 13% moisture.	652 a^ns *b , , * and ns** (within column) indicates the significance at 0.10, 0.05, 0.01 and non significant, respectively, of the comparison with a control by the Dunnett two sided test.c Estimated with 13% moisture.	744 a Control	555 A
12 kg N ha^-1	386 a^ns *b , , * and ns** (within column) indicates the significance at 0.10, 0.05, 0.01 and non significant, respectively, of the comparison with a control by the Dunnett two sided test.c Estimated with 13% moisture.	405 a^ns *b , , * and ns** (within column) indicates the significance at 0.10, 0.05, 0.01 and non significant, respectively, of the comparison with a control by the Dunnett two sided test.c Estimated with 13% moisture.	541 a^ns *b , , * and ns** (within column) indicates the significance at 0.10, 0.05, 0.01 and non significant, respectively, of the comparison with a control by the Dunnett two sided test.c Estimated with 13% moisture.	476 a^ns *b , , * and ns** (within column) indicates the significance at 0.10, 0.05, 0.01 and non significant, respectively, of the comparison with a control by the Dunnett two sided test.c Estimated with 13% moisture.	443 b^ns *b , , * and ns** (within column) indicates the significance at 0.10, 0.05, 0.01 and non significant, respectively, of the comparison with a control by the Dunnett two sided test.c Estimated with 13% moisture.	496 b Control	458 B
Mean	436^ b , , and ns (within column) indicates the significance at 0.10, 0.05, 0.01 and non significant, respectively, of the comparison with a control by the Dunnett two sided test.c Estimated with 13% moisture. ^b *b , , * and ns** (within column) indicates the significance at 0.10, 0.05, 0.01 and non significant, respectively, of the comparison with a control by the Dunnett two sided test.c Estimated with 13% moisture.	391^* b , , and ns (within column) indicates the significance at 0.10, 0.05, 0.01 and non significant, respectively, of the comparison with a control by the Dunnett two sided test.c Estimated with 13% moisture.	487^ns *b , , * and ns** (within column) indicates the significance at 0.10, 0.05, 0.01 and non significant, respectively, of the comparison with a control by the Dunnett two sided test.c Estimated with 13% moisture.	556^ns *b , , * and ns** (within column) indicates the significance at 0.10, 0.05, 0.01 and non significant, respectively, of the comparison with a control by the Dunnett two sided test.c Estimated with 13% moisture.	547^ns *b , , * and ns** (within column) indicates the significance at 0.10, 0.05, 0.01 and non significant, respectively, of the comparison with a control by the Dunnett two sided test.c Estimated with 13% moisture.	620 Control	506
Harvest index (%)^e
80 kg N ha^-1	21.1	15.6	13.4	17.3	14.9	10.7	15.5 B
12 kg N ha^-1	25.8	20.5	18.1	22.5	21.6	10.8	19.9 A
Mean	23.4^* b , , and ns (within column) indicates the significance at 0.10, 0.05, 0.01 and non significant, respectively, of the comparison with a control by the Dunnett two sided test.c Estimated with 13% moisture.	18.0^* b , , and ns (within column) indicates the significance at 0.10, 0.05, 0.01 and non significant, respectively, of the comparison with a control by the Dunnett two sided test.c Estimated with 13% moisture.	15.8^ b , , and ns (within column) indicates the significance at 0.10, 0.05, 0.01 and non significant, respectively, of the comparison with a control by the Dunnett two sided test.c Estimated with 13% moisture.	19.9^* b , , and ns (within column) indicates the significance at 0.10, 0.05, 0.01 and non significant, respectively, of the comparison with a control by the Dunnett two sided test.c Estimated with 13% moisture.	18.2^* b , , and ns (within column) indicates the significance at 0.10, 0.05, 0.01 and non significant, respectively, of the comparison with a control by the Dunnett two sided test.c Estimated with 13% moisture.	10.7 Control	17.7

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N levels	Positions						Mean
	A^a a positions: A: 2.8 m, B: 6.4 m, C: 10.0 m, D: 13.6 m and E: 17.2 m away from track positioned at the lowest elevation of the slope, between two adjacent eucalyptus (Eucalyptus dunnii Maiden) double line tracks [20 m (4 m x 3 m)]. Values followed (within column) by the same capital case letters and lowercase letters, are not significantly different using the Duncan's test at the 0.05 level of probability.	B	C	D	E	F
	Above-ground phytomass (g m^-2)
80 kg N ha^-1	212 a^*** b , , ** and ns(within line) indicates the significance at 0.10, 0.05, 0.01 and non significant, respectively, of the comparison with a control by the Dunnett two sided test ^b b , , ** and ns(within line) indicates the significance at 0.10, 0.05, 0.01 and non significant, respectively, of the comparison with a control by the Dunnett two sided test	223 a^*** b , , ** and ns(within line) indicates the significance at 0.10, 0.05, 0.01 and non significant, respectively, of the comparison with a control by the Dunnett two sided test	291 a^*** b , , ** and ns(within line) indicates the significance at 0.10, 0.05, 0.01 and non significant, respectively, of the comparison with a control by the Dunnett two sided test	324 a^*** b , , ** and ns(within line) indicates the significance at 0.10, 0.05, 0.01 and non significant, respectively, of the comparison with a control by the Dunnett two sided test	387 a^*** b , , ** and ns(within line) indicates the significance at 0.10, 0.05, 0.01 and non significant, respectively, of the comparison with a control by the Dunnett two sided test	610 a Control	341 A
12 kg N ha^-1	136 b^*** b , , ** and ns(within line) indicates the significance at 0.10, 0.05, 0.01 and non significant, respectively, of the comparison with a control by the Dunnett two sided test	186 a^*** b , , ** and ns(within line) indicates the significance at 0.10, 0.05, 0.01 and non significant, respectively, of the comparison with a control by the Dunnett two sided test	279 a^** b , , ** and ns(within line) indicates the significance at 0.10, 0.05, 0.01 and non significant, respectively, of the comparison with a control by the Dunnett two sided test	193 b^*** b , , ** and ns(within line) indicates the significance at 0.10, 0.05, 0.01 and non significant, respectively, of the comparison with a control by the Dunnett two sided test	184 b^*** b , , ** and ns(within line) indicates the significance at 0.10, 0.05, 0.01 and non significant, respectively, of the comparison with a control by the Dunnett two sided test	408 b Control	231 B
Mean	174^*** b , , ** and ns(within line) indicates the significance at 0.10, 0.05, 0.01 and non significant, respectively, of the comparison with a control by the Dunnett two sided test	204^*** b , , ** and ns(within line) indicates the significance at 0.10, 0.05, 0.01 and non significant, respectively, of the comparison with a control by the Dunnett two sided test	285^*** b , , ** and ns(within line) indicates the significance at 0.10, 0.05, 0.01 and non significant, respectively, of the comparison with a control by the Dunnett two sided test	258^*** b , , ** and ns(within line) indicates the significance at 0.10, 0.05, 0.01 and non significant, respectively, of the comparison with a control by the Dunnett two sided test	286^*** b , , ** and ns(within line) indicates the significance at 0.10, 0.05, 0.01 and non significant, respectively, of the comparison with a control by the Dunnett two sided test	509 Control	286