Reaction of non-cucurbitacea to <i>Monosporascus</i> spp.<sup/>

Tavares, Moisés Bento; Negreiros, Andréia Mitsa Paiva; Cavalcante, Allinny Luzia Alves; Oliveira, Sara Hellen Fernandes de; Armengol, Josep; Sales Júnior, Rui

doi:10.5935/1806-6690.20230013

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Scientific Article • Rev. Ciênc. Agron. 54 • 2023 • https://doi.org/10.5935/1806-6690.20230013 copy

Reaction of non-cucurbitacea to Monosporascus spp.¹ 1 Paper extracted from the dissertation of the first author

Reação de não-cucurbitáceas à Monosporascus spp.

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

With the recent discovery of five new species of the Monosporascus genus, a fungal genus involved in “Monosporascus root rot and vine decline,” pathogenicity studies have become important to understand the impact of these new species on cultivated plants, mainly on plant species used as an alternative for crop rotation. This study aimed to evaluate the pathogenicity of Monosporascus spp. in non-cucurbitaceous cultures. The tests were carried out in duplicate in a greenhouse in a completely randomized design, with the treatments: One isolate of each species of Monosporascus (M. brasiliensis, M. caatinguensis, M. cannonballus, M. mossoroensis, M. nordestinus, and M. semiaridus) and the absolute control, and five cultures (cowpea, jack bean, corn, sorghum, and bell pepper). Seeds of these cultures were sown in pots containing soil + Tropstrate HT^® (ratio 2:1, v / v), previously inoculated with wheat seeds colonized with the species of Monosporascus. After 50 days of sowing, plants were evaluated for incidence, disease severity, length of shoot and roots, fresh and dry weight of shoots and roots. All inoculated Monosporascus species were able to induce damage in cowpea and bell pepper cultures, with M. cannonballus being the most aggressive. Corn, jack beans, and sorghum presented few or no symptoms of the disease and may be indicated as alternative cultures to be used in crop rotation with cucurbits. Studies with a greater number of isolates and cultivars for each culture tested in this study should be carried out to strengthen the data obtained.

Key words
Crop rotation; Host range; Pathogenicity test; Soilborne pathogen; Virulence.

Monosporascus Species	Code (CMM)¹ 1 CMM = Culture Collection of Phytopathogenic Fungi “Prof. Maria Menezes” of the Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco (Recife, PE, Brazil).	Host	Location² 2 CE = Ceará state and RN = Rio Grande do Norte state.	GenBank ITS Region³ 3 Sequence of the Internal Transcribed Spacer Region (ITS) of the isolates deposited at GenBank
M. brasiliensis	4839	Trianthema portulacastrum	Brazil, RN	MG735234
M. caatinguensis	4833	Boerhavia diffusa	Brazil, CE	MG735228
M. cannonballus	2429	Cucumis melo	Brazil, RN	JQ762366
M. mossoroensis	4857	Trianthema portulacastrum	Brazil, RN	MG735252
M. nordestinus	4846	Trianthema portulacastrum	Brazil, RN	MG735241
M. semiaridus	4830	Trianthema portulacastrum	Brazil, CE	MG735222

Treatments	Corn
	Disease Incidence		Disease Severity		Reaction Class² 2 Reaction class: 0= immune-like (SI); 0.1-1.0= highly resistant (AR); 1.1-2.0 = moderately resistant (MR); 2.1-3.0=susceptible (SU); 3.1-4.0= highly susceptible (AS), according to Armengol et al. (1998) and Sales Junior et al. (2018)
	Rank ¹ 1 Classification average from all observations in each sample. Data represents mean values from two experiments, each with six replications (pots) per treatment and one plant per replication.	Mean (%)	Rank ¹ 1 Classification average from all observations in each sample. Data represents mean values from two experiments, each with six replications (pots) per treatment and one plant per replication.	Mean (%)
M. brasiliensis	40.5 a	0.0	40.5 a	0.0	SI
M. caatinguensis	44.0 ab	8.3	44.0 ab	0.1	AR
M. cannonballus	40.5 a	0.0	40.5 a	0.0	SI
M. mossoroensis	40.5 a	0.0	40.5 a	0.0	SI
M. nordestinus	40.5 a	0.0	40.5 a	0.0	SI
M. semiaridus	51.0 b	25.0	51.0 b	0.2	AR
Testemunha	40.5 a	0.0	40.5 a	0.0	-
χ² 2 Reaction class: 0= immune-like (SI); 0.1-1.0= highly resistant (AR); 1.1-2.0 = moderately resistant (MR); 2.1-3.0=susceptible (SU); 3.1-4.0= highly susceptible (AS), according to Armengol et al. (1998) and Sales Junior et al. (2018)	14.0		14.0
	Sorghum
M. brasiliensis	42.5 a	0.0	42.5 a	0.0	SI
M. caatinguensis	42.5 a	0.0	42.5 a	0.0	SI
M. cannonballus	42.5 a	0.0	42.5 a	0.0	SI
M. mossoroensis	42.5 a	0.0	42.5 a	0.0	SI
M. nordestinus	42.5 a	0.0	42.5 a	0.0	SI
M. semiaridus	42.5 a	0.0	42.5 a	0.0	SI
Testemunha	42.5 a	0.0	42.5 a	0.0	-
χ² 2 Reaction class: 0= immune-like (SI); 0.1-1.0= highly resistant (AR); 1.1-2.0 = moderately resistant (MR); 2.1-3.0=susceptible (SU); 3.1-4.0= highly susceptible (AS), according to Armengol et al. (1998) and Sales Junior et al. (2018)	0.0		0.0
	Cowpea
M. brasiliensis	42.0 abc	50.0	40.3 ab	0.5	AR
M. caatinguensis	56.0 bc	83.0	54.6 bc	0.9	AR
M. cannonballus	63.0 c	100	73.4 c	2.3	SU
M. mossoroensis	42.0 abc	50.0	40.3 ab	0.5	AR
M. nordestinus	38.5 abc	42.0	35.6 ab	0.4	AR
M. semiaridus	35.0 ab	33.0	32.5 ab	0.3	AR
Testemunha	21.0 a	0.0	21.0 a	0.0	-
χ² 2 Reaction class: 0= immune-like (SI); 0.1-1.0= highly resistant (AR); 1.1-2.0 = moderately resistant (MR); 2.1-3.0=susceptible (SU); 3.1-4.0= highly susceptible (AS), according to Armengol et al. (1998) and Sales Junior et al. (2018)	30.6		41.9
	Jack bean
M. brasiliensis	42.5 a	0.0	42.5 a	0.0	SI
M. caatinguensis	42.5 a	0.0	42.5 a	0.0	SI
M. cannonballus	42.5 a	0.0	42.5 a	0.0	SI
M. mossoroensis	42.5 a	0.0	42.5 a	0.0	SI
M. nordestinus	42.5 a	0.0	42.5 a	0.0	SI
M. semiaridus	42.5 a	0.0	42.5 a	0.0	SI
Testemunha	42.5 a	0.0	42.5 a	0.0	-
χ² 2 Reaction class: 0= immune-like (SI); 0.1-1.0= highly resistant (AR); 1.1-2.0 = moderately resistant (MR); 2.1-3.0=susceptible (SU); 3.1-4.0= highly susceptible (AS), according to Armengol et al. (1998) and Sales Junior et al. (2018)	0.0		0.0
	Bell pepper
M. brasiliensis	32.5 b	100	27.9 ab	2.0	MR
M. caatinguensis	32.5 b	100	37.8 b	2.8	SU
M. cannonballus	32.5 b	100	49.0 b	3.8	AS
M. mossoroensis	32.5 b	100	29.5 b	2.1	SU
M. nordestinus	32.5 b	100	25.3 ab	1.8	MR
M. semiaridus	32.5 b	100	25.5 ab	1.8	MR
Testemunha	4.5 a	0.0	4.5 a	0.0	-
χ² 2 Reaction class: 0= immune-like (SI); 0.1-1.0= highly resistant (AR); 1.1-2.0 = moderately resistant (MR); 2.1-3.0=susceptible (SU); 3.1-4.0= highly susceptible (AS), according to Armengol et al. (1998) and Sales Junior et al. (2018)	55.0		34.7

Treatments	Corn
Treatments	RL¹ 1 Root length. (cm)	FRW² 2 Fresh root weight. (g)	DRW³ 3 Dry root weight. (g)	SL⁴ 4 Shoot length. (cm)	FSW⁵ 5 Fresh shoot weight. (g)	DSW⁶ 6 Dry shoot weight. F = test comparing variances between means. ns = not significant. (g)
M. brasiliensis	33.0 c	106.0 a	14.2 a	79.2 a	101.7 a	17.9 a
M. caatinguensis	34.2 bc	138.9 a	13.2 a	78.7 a	106.1 a	20.1 a
M. cannonballus	44.3 ab	123.0 a	14.0 a	77.0 a	90.6 a	18.6 a
M. mossoroensis	34.7 bc	141.4 a	14.3 a	80.2 a	104.1 a	18.9 a
M. nordestinus	42.1 bc	125.3 a	16.2 a	77.0 a	94.2 a	20.0 a
M. semiaridus	41.6 bc	131.2 a	16.2 a	72.2 a	89.7 a	20.0 a
Testemunha	56.2 a	157.1 a	20.2 a	85.4 a	108.7 a	22.6 a
CV (%)	21.0	25.5	23.3	21.4	22.5	28.3
F	8.52 ^{^ = p < 0.01.}	0.6^ns	1.5^ns	0.68^ns	0.7^ns	0.9^ns
	Sorghum
M. brasiliensis	48.6 a	107.8 a	15.6 a	78.9 a	67.9 a	16.8 a
M. caatinguensis	58.2 a	100.0 a	17.3 a	82.7 a	74.9 a	17.5 a
M. cannonballus	57.6 a	105.5 a	17.0 a	70.6 a	70.2 a	15.9 a
M. mossoroensis	58.9 a	106.8 a	17.4 a	75.4 a	75.2 a	17.7 a
M. nordestinus	57.6 a	106.6 a	17.6 a	80.9 a	71.6 a	17.7 a
M. semiaridus	61.5 a	93.6 a	16.8 a	74.8 a	67.6 a	15.9 a
Testemunha	63.6 a	112.1 a	19.2 a	84.9 a	76.4 a	18.3 a
CV (%)	21.5	23.5	18.4	28.3	22.8	27.43
F	0.5^ns	0.1^{^* * = p < 0.05.}	0.3^ns	0.6^ns	0.3^ns	0.5^ns
	Cowpea
M. brasiliensis	23.0 a	90.2 a	5.7 a	31.8 a	32.5 ab	3.8 a
M. caatinguensis	21.7 a	77.6 ab	5.3 a	33.0 a	41.2 a	4.3 a
M. cannonballus	23.9 a	47.6 b	2.2 b	21.0 a	18.3 b	2.2 a
M. mossoroensis	20.3 a	85.1 ab	5.5 a	31.3 a	38.8 ab	4.3 a
M. nordestinus	20.4 a	87.6 ab	6.0 a	29.3 a	40.9 a	3.5 a
M. semiaridus	21.5 a	87.7 ab	5.0 ab	27.8 a	30.1 ab	3.3 a
Testemunha	26.2 a	92.4 a	6.8 a	34.0 a	43.8 a	4.7 a
CV (%)	24.4	22.2	27.4	22.8	20.41	27.4
F	1.8^ns	2.5^{^* * = p < 0.05.}	4.8^{^ = p < 0.01.}	1.4^ns	3.0^{^* * = p < 0.05.}	1.9^ns
	Jack bean
M. brasiliensis	29.3 a	38.7 a	3.9 a	72.4 a	48.3 a	9.4 a
M. caatinguensis	28.8 a	37.8 a	3.8 a	73.6 a	48.8 a	10.5 a
M. cannonballus	31.4 a	37.8 a	3.3 a	69.0 a	39.9 a	7.9 a
M. mossoroensis	29.8 a	35.6 a	3.6 a	71.6 a	46.2 a	8.4 a
M. nordestinus	29.5 a	36.1 a	3.2 a	67.0 a	38.6 a	8.9 a
M. semiaridus	30.5 a	40.7 a	3.9 a	66.1 a	43.4 a	8.4 a
Testemunha	32.0 a	42.8 a	4.3 a	82.0 a	49.8 a	10.7 a
CV (%)	22.9	20.16	28.9	23.7	28.15	25.2
F	0.3^ns	6.2^ns	0.3^ns	0.6^ns	1.4^ns	1.4^ns
	Bell pepper
M. brasiliensis	13.6 bc	5.2 bc	0.5 bc	15.6 ab	5.2 bc	0.6 b
M. caatinguensis	15.6 ab	5.9 bc	0.5 bc	17.3 a	5.2 bc	0.6 b
M. cannonballus	8.1 c	0.5 c	0.05 c	8.6 b	2.3 c	0.3 b
M. mossoroensis	14.5 abc	4.7 bc	0.4 bc	15.7 ab	4.5 bc	0.6 b
M. nordestinus	12.3 bc	4.5 bc	0.4 bc	15.1 ab	7.0 b	0.8 ab
M. semiaridus	14.8 abc	7.2 b	0.6 b	17.1 a	5.5 bc	0.6 b
Testemunha	21.8 a	13.9 a	1.4 a	19.1 a	11.5 a	1.2 a
CV (%)	22.9	25.3	22.7	20.6	27.35	26.73
F	5.7^{^ = p < 0.01.}	8.3^{^ = p < 0.01.}	10.5^{^ = p < 0.01.}	3.9^{^ = p < 0.01.}	8.4^{^ = p < 0.01.}	4.5^{^ = p < 0.01.}

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Reaction of non-cucurbitacea to Monosporascus spp.1 1 Paper extracted from the dissertation of the first author

Reação de não-cucurbitáceas à Monosporascus spp.

ABSTRACT

Reaction of non-cucurbitacea to Monosporascus spp.¹ 1 Paper extracted from the dissertation of the first author