Agronomic performance of the cowpea under different irrigation depths and row spacing1

Costa, Manoel de Jesus Nunes da; Bastos, Edson Alves; Cardoso, Milton José; Andrade, Aderson Soares de

doi:10.5935/1806-6690.20170090

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Agricultural Engineering • Rev. Ciênc. Agron. 48 (5spe) • 2017 • https://doi.org/10.5935/1806-6690.20170090 copy

Agronomic performance of the cowpea under different irrigation depths and row spacing¹ 1 Parte da Dissertação do primeiro autor apresentada no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Agronomia Produção Vegetal, da Universidade Federal do Piauí/UFPI

Desempenho agronômico do feijão-caupi sob diferentes lâminas de irrigação e espaçamentos entre fileiras

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

The cowpea is of great socioeconomic importance in the North, Northeast and Mid-West of Brazil, and its irrigated farming has recently been on the increase in these regions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the agronomic performance of the cowpea 'BRS Tumucumaque' for different row spacings and irrigation depths, under the conditions of soil and climate of Teresina, in the State of Piauí. The experiment was carried out from August to November 2014, in a Yellow Argisol at the Experimental Area of Embrapa Meio-Norte in Teresina. The experimental design was of randomised blocks in subdivided lots, with four replications. The treatments consisted of five irrigation depths (40% ETo, 70% ETo, 100% ETo, 130% ETo and 160% ETo) in the main plot, and four spacings between rows (0.36 m, 0.45 m, 0.60 m and 0.90 m) in the sub-lots. Leaf area index, pod length, number of grains per pod, number of pods per plant and grain productivity were evaluated. There was significant interaction (. <0.01) between irrigation depth and row spacing for grain productivity only. There was a significant increasing linear effect (. <0.01) from irrigation depth on pod length, number of pods per plant and number of grains per pod. The larger irrigation depths at the smaller row spacings give the greatest grain productivity. With leaf area index, there was a significant effect from irrigation depth and row spacing for the periods under evaluation.

Key words:
Vigna unguiculata; Grain yield; Irrigation management; Plant density; BRS Tumucumaque

Depth (m)	Granulometry (g kg^-1)				(% volume)
Depth (m)	Course sand	Fine sand	Silt	Clay	FC	PWP bd
0.0 - 0.2	451.8	190.4	164.5	193.3	22.0	9.3 1.4
0.2 - 0.4	471.3	180.2	168.0	178.7	20.8	11.0 1.2

Spacing between rows (m)	No. of rows per working area	No. of plants per working area	Nº. of plants per metre	SWR (m)
0.36	5	120	6	0.166
0.45	4	120	7.5	0.133
0.60	3	120	10	0.100
0.90	2	120	15	0.066

Mean Square
SV	DF	PL	NPP	NGP	GP
Blocks	3	1.01^ns , * and ns significant at 5% and 1%, and not significant respectively by F-test	3.64^ns , * and ns significant at 5% and 1%, and not significant respectively by F-test	2.60^* , * and ns significant at 5% and 1%, and not significant respectively by F-test	347449.46^** , * and ns significant at 5% and 1%, and not significant respectively by F-test
Irrigation Depth (a)	4	10.62^** , * and ns significant at 5% and 1%, and not significant respectively by F-test	46.28^** , * and ns significant at 5% and 1%, and not significant respectively by F-test	22.48^** , * and ns significant at 5% and 1%, and not significant respectively by F-test	4212229.75^** , * and ns significant at 5% and 1%, and not significant respectively by F-test
Residual (a)	12	0.48	1.42	0.46	51123.43
Spacing (b)	3	0.66^ns , * and ns significant at 5% and 1%, and not significant respectively by F-test	0.53^ns , * and ns significant at 5% and 1%, and not significant respectively by F-test	0.35^ns , * and ns significant at 5% and 1%, and not significant respectively by F-test	254551.28^** , * and ns significant at 5% and 1%, and not significant respectively by F-test
Interraction Ta x Tb	12	0.83^ns , * and ns significant at 5% and 1%, and not significant respectively by F-test	1.71^ns , * and ns significant at 5% and 1%, and not significant respectively by F-test	0.71^ns , * and ns significant at 5% and 1%, and not significant respectively by F-test	115695.87^** , * and ns significant at 5% and 1%, and not significant respectively by F-test
Residual (b)	45	0.76	1.09	1.53	38339.36
CV (%) (a)	-	3.49	28.91	5.29	23.82
CV (%) (b)	-	4.40	25.47	9.67	20.63

Mean Square
SV	DF	43 DAS	50 DAS	57 DAS	63 DAS
Blocks	3	1.524^ns , * and ns significant at 5% and 1%, and not significant respectively by F-test. DAS - days after sowing	0.428^ns , * and ns significant at 5% and 1%, and not significant respectively by F-test. DAS - days after sowing	0.541^ns , * and ns significant at 5% and 1%, and not significant respectively by F-test. DAS - days after sowing	0.019^* , * and ns significant at 5% and 1%, and not significant respectively by F-test. DAS - days after sowing
Irrigation Depth (a)	4	1.203^ns , * and ns significant at 5% and 1%, and not significant respectively by F-test. DAS - days after sowing	5.061^** , * and ns significant at 5% and 1%, and not significant respectively by F-test. DAS - days after sowing	4.988^** , * and ns significant at 5% and 1%, and not significant respectively by F-test. DAS - days after sowing	0.807^ns , * and ns significant at 5% and 1%, and not significant respectively by F-test. DAS - days after sowing
Residual (a)	12	0.941	0.742	0.542	0.403
Spacing (b)	3	7.072^** , * and ns significant at 5% and 1%, and not significant respectively by F-test. DAS - days after sowing	3.281^** , * and ns significant at 5% and 1%, and not significant respectively by F-test. DAS - days after sowing	6.056^** , * and ns significant at 5% and 1%, and not significant respectively by F-test. DAS - days after sowing	1.021^* , * and ns significant at 5% and 1%, and not significant respectively by F-test. DAS - days after sowing
Interraction Ta x Tb	12	0.191^ns , * and ns significant at 5% and 1%, and not significant respectively by F-test. DAS - days after sowing	0.242^ns , * and ns significant at 5% and 1%, and not significant respectively by F-test. DAS - days after sowing	0.527^ns , * and ns significant at 5% and 1%, and not significant respectively by F-test. DAS - days after sowing	0.592^ns , * and ns significant at 5% and 1%, and not significant respectively by F-test. DAS - days after sowing
Residual (b)	45	0.438	0.422	0.456	0.306
CV (%) (a)	-	46.99	34.24	33.62	44.71
CV (%) (b)	-	32.05	25.83	30.83	38.12

Treatment	Equation	R²
Irrigation Depth
40%	IAF = 0.6619 + 0.0583L - 0.0007L²	R² = 0.7428^* * p<0.05
70%	IAF = 3.2455 + 0.2436L - 0.0027L²	R² = 0.9152^* * p<0.05
100%	IAF = 29.08 + 1.2305L - 0.0119L²	R² = 0.9944^* * p<0.05
130%	IAF = - 18.555 + 0.8323L - 0.0082L²	R² = 0.9197^* * p<0.05
160%	IAF = - 27.992 + 1.2084L - 0.0117L²	R² = 0.999^* * p<0.05
Row Spacing
0,36 m	IAF = - 17.092 + 0.8008E - 0.008E²	R² = 0.9956^* * p<0.05
0,45 m	IAF = - 15.845 + 0.7444E - 0.0074E²	R² = 0.9835^* * p<0.05
0,60 m	IAF = 15.254 + 0.6903E - 0.0067E²	R² = 0.9975^* * p<0.05
0,90 m	IAF = - 13.999 + 0.6089E - 0.0059E²	R² = 0.7461^* * p<0.05

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Agronomic performance of the cowpea under different irrigation depths and row spacing1 1 Parte da Dissertação do primeiro autor apresentada no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Agronomia Produção Vegetal, da Universidade Federal do Piauí/UFPI

Desempenho agronômico do feijão-caupi sob diferentes lâminas de irrigação e espaçamentos entre fileiras

ABSTRACT

Agronomic performance of the cowpea under different irrigation depths and row spacing¹ 1 Parte da Dissertação do primeiro autor apresentada no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Agronomia Produção Vegetal, da Universidade Federal do Piauí/UFPI