GAS EXCHANGE AND HYDROPONIC PRODUCTION OF ZUCCHINI UNDER SALT STRESS AND H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> APPLICATION

DANTAS, MAÍLA VIEIRA; LIMA, GEOVANI SOARES DE; GHEYI, HANS RAJ; PINHEIRO, FRANCISCO WESLEY ALVES; SILVA, PETTERSON COSTA CONCEIÇÃO; SOARES, LAURIANE ALMEIDA DOS ANJOS

doi:10.1590/1983-21252022v35n219rc

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Research Paper • Rev. Caatinga 35 (02) • Apr-Jun 2022 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-21252022v35n219rc copy

GAS EXCHANGE AND HYDROPONIC PRODUCTION OF ZUCCHINI UNDER SALT STRESS AND H₂O₂ APPLICATION

TROCAS GASOSAS E PRODUÇÃO HIDROPÔNICA DE ABOBRINHA ITALIANA SOB ESTRESSE SALINO E APLICAÇÃO DE H₂O₂

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Knowledge about the effect of chemical conditioners on the reduction of the deleterious effects caused by salinity on crops is of great importance for the expansion of the cultivation of vegetable crops such as zucchini in the semi-arid region of the Northeast. In this context, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of the foliar application of hydrogen peroxide as a mitigator of salt stress on the gas exchange, production, and postharvest fruit quality of zucchini cultivated in a hydroponic system. The study was conducted in NFT-type (Nutrient Film Technique) hydroponic system in a greenhouse, in Pombal — PB, Brazil. The experimental design was completely randomized, in a 4 × 4 factorial scheme, corresponding to four levels of electrical conductivity of the nutrient solution - ECns (2.1 (control); 3.6; 5.1 and 6.6 dS m⁻¹), and four concentrations of hydrogen peroxide - H₂O₂ (0; 20; 40 and 60 μM), with three replicates. Nutrient solution with electrical conductivity above 2.1 dS m⁻¹ caused a reduction in gas exchange and the total number of fruits of zucchini. An increase in nutrient solution salinity levels increased the total soluble solids content of the fruits and the initial fluorescence of zucchini. Under conditions of nutrient solution salinity above 2.1 dS m⁻¹, hydrogen peroxide could not mitigate the effects of salt stress. Application of 20 μM of H₂O₂ when the plants were grown in a nutrient solution of 2.1 dS m⁻¹ promoted higher total fruit weight and basal diameter of the fruits.

Keywords
Cucurbita pepo L; Saline solution; Hydrogen peroxide

Elements	mg L⁻¹ - Complete solution	Fertilizers	g L⁻¹ of nutrient solution
N	210	KH₂PO₄	136.09
P	31	KNO₃	101.10
K	234	Ca(NO₃)₂.4H₂O	236.15
Ca	200	MgSO₄.7H₂O	246.49
Mg	48	H₃BO₃	3.10
S	64	MnSO₄.4H₂O	1.70
B	0.5	ZnSO₄.7H₂O	0.22
Mn	0.5	CuSO₄.5H₂O	0.75
Zn	0.05	(NH₄)₆Mo₇O₂₄.4H₂O	1.25
Cu	0.02	FeSO₄	13.9
Mo	0.01	EDTA — Na	13.9
Fe	5
Na	1.2
Cl	0.65

SV	F test
SV	gs	E	A	Ci	WUEi	CEi
ECns	^ respectively not significant and significant at p < 0.05 and < 0.01; SV - Source of variation; CV- coefficient of variation.	^ respectively not significant and significant at p < 0.05 and < 0.01; SV - Source of variation; CV- coefficient of variation.	^ respectively not significant and significant at p < 0.05 and < 0.01; SV - Source of variation; CV- coefficient of variation.	^ respectively not significant and significant at p < 0.05 and < 0.01; SV - Source of variation; CV- coefficient of variation.	^ respectively not significant and significant at p < 0.05 and < 0.01; SV - Source of variation; CV- coefficient of variation.	^ respectively not significant and significant at p < 0.05 and < 0.01; SV - Source of variation; CV- coefficient of variation.
Linear	^ respectively not significant and significant at p < 0.05 and < 0.01; SV - Source of variation; CV- coefficient of variation.	^ respectively not significant and significant at p < 0.05 and < 0.01; SV - Source of variation; CV- coefficient of variation.	^ respectively not significant and significant at p < 0.05 and < 0.01; SV - Source of variation; CV- coefficient of variation.	^ respectively not significant and significant at p < 0.05 and < 0.01; SV - Source of variation; CV- coefficient of variation.	^ respectively not significant and significant at p < 0.05 and < 0.01; SV - Source of variation; CV- coefficient of variation.	^ respectively not significant and significant at p < 0.05 and < 0.01; SV - Source of variation; CV- coefficient of variation.
Quadratic	^ns ns respectively not significant and significant at p < 0.05 and < 0.01; SV - Source of variation; CV- coefficient of variation.	^ns ns respectively not significant and significant at p < 0.05 and < 0.01; SV - Source of variation; CV- coefficient of variation.	^ respectively not significant and significant at p < 0.05 and < 0.01; SV - Source of variation; CV- coefficient of variation.	^ns ns respectively not significant and significant at p < 0.05 and < 0.01; SV - Source of variation; CV- coefficient of variation.	^ respectively not significant and significant at p < 0.05 and < 0.01; SV - Source of variation; CV- coefficient of variation.	^ respectively not significant and significant at p < 0.05 and < 0.01; SV - Source of variation; CV- coefficient of variation.
H₂O₂	^ns ns respectively not significant and significant at p < 0.05 and < 0.01; SV - Source of variation; CV- coefficient of variation.	^ns ns respectively not significant and significant at p < 0.05 and < 0.01; SV - Source of variation; CV- coefficient of variation.	^ns ns respectively not significant and significant at p < 0.05 and < 0.01; SV - Source of variation; CV- coefficient of variation.	^ns ns respectively not significant and significant at p < 0.05 and < 0.01; SV - Source of variation; CV- coefficient of variation.	^ns ns respectively not significant and significant at p < 0.05 and < 0.01; SV - Source of variation; CV- coefficient of variation.	^ns ns respectively not significant and significant at p < 0.05 and < 0.01; SV - Source of variation; CV- coefficient of variation.
Linear	^ns ns respectively not significant and significant at p < 0.05 and < 0.01; SV - Source of variation; CV- coefficient of variation.	^ns ns respectively not significant and significant at p < 0.05 and < 0.01; SV - Source of variation; CV- coefficient of variation.	^ns ns respectively not significant and significant at p < 0.05 and < 0.01; SV - Source of variation; CV- coefficient of variation.	^ns ns respectively not significant and significant at p < 0.05 and < 0.01; SV - Source of variation; CV- coefficient of variation.	^ns ns respectively not significant and significant at p < 0.05 and < 0.01; SV - Source of variation; CV- coefficient of variation.	^ns ns respectively not significant and significant at p < 0.05 and < 0.01; SV - Source of variation; CV- coefficient of variation.
Quadratic	^ns ns respectively not significant and significant at p < 0.05 and < 0.01; SV - Source of variation; CV- coefficient of variation.	^ns ns respectively not significant and significant at p < 0.05 and < 0.01; SV - Source of variation; CV- coefficient of variation.	^ns ns respectively not significant and significant at p < 0.05 and < 0.01; SV - Source of variation; CV- coefficient of variation.	^ns ns respectively not significant and significant at p < 0.05 and < 0.01; SV - Source of variation; CV- coefficient of variation.	^ns ns respectively not significant and significant at p < 0.05 and < 0.01; SV - Source of variation; CV- coefficient of variation.	^ns ns respectively not significant and significant at p < 0.05 and < 0.01; SV - Source of variation; CV- coefficient of variation.
ECns × H₂O₂	^ns ns respectively not significant and significant at p < 0.05 and < 0.01; SV - Source of variation; CV- coefficient of variation.	^ns ns respectively not significant and significant at p < 0.05 and < 0.01; SV - Source of variation; CV- coefficient of variation.	^ns ns respectively not significant and significant at p < 0.05 and < 0.01; SV - Source of variation; CV- coefficient of variation.	^ns ns respectively not significant and significant at p < 0.05 and < 0.01; SV - Source of variation; CV- coefficient of variation.	^ns ns respectively not significant and significant at p < 0.05 and < 0.01; SV - Source of variation; CV- coefficient of variation.	^ns ns respectively not significant and significant at p < 0.05 and < 0.01; SV - Source of variation; CV- coefficient of variation.
Overall Mean	0.42	5.27	29.27	184.76	5.66	0.16
CV (%)	12.58	5.97	11.80	15.84	13.57	26.04

SV	F test
SV	F₀	Fm	Fv	Fv/Fm
ECns	^* * respectively not significant and significant at p < 0.05 and < 0.01; SV - Source of variation; SV - Source of variation; CV- coefficient of variation.	^ns ns respectively not significant and significant at p < 0.05 and < 0.01; SV - Source of variation; SV - Source of variation; CV- coefficient of variation.	^ns ns respectively not significant and significant at p < 0.05 and < 0.01; SV - Source of variation; SV - Source of variation; CV- coefficient of variation.	^ns ns respectively not significant and significant at p < 0.05 and < 0.01; SV - Source of variation; SV - Source of variation; CV- coefficient of variation.
Linear	^ respectively not significant and significant at p < 0.05 and < 0.01; SV - Source of variation; SV - Source of variation; CV- coefficient of variation.	^ns ns respectively not significant and significant at p < 0.05 and < 0.01; SV - Source of variation; SV - Source of variation; CV- coefficient of variation.	^ns ns respectively not significant and significant at p < 0.05 and < 0.01; SV - Source of variation; SV - Source of variation; CV- coefficient of variation.	^ns ns respectively not significant and significant at p < 0.05 and < 0.01; SV - Source of variation; SV - Source of variation; CV- coefficient of variation.
Quadratic	^ns ns respectively not significant and significant at p < 0.05 and < 0.01; SV - Source of variation; SV - Source of variation; CV- coefficient of variation.	^ns ns respectively not significant and significant at p < 0.05 and < 0.01; SV - Source of variation; SV - Source of variation; CV- coefficient of variation.	^ns ns respectively not significant and significant at p < 0.05 and < 0.01; SV - Source of variation; SV - Source of variation; CV- coefficient of variation.	^ns ns respectively not significant and significant at p < 0.05 and < 0.01; SV - Source of variation; SV - Source of variation; CV- coefficient of variation.
H₂O₂	^ns ns respectively not significant and significant at p < 0.05 and < 0.01; SV - Source of variation; SV - Source of variation; CV- coefficient of variation.	^ns ns respectively not significant and significant at p < 0.05 and < 0.01; SV - Source of variation; SV - Source of variation; CV- coefficient of variation.	^ns ns respectively not significant and significant at p < 0.05 and < 0.01; SV - Source of variation; SV - Source of variation; CV- coefficient of variation.	^ns ns respectively not significant and significant at p < 0.05 and < 0.01; SV - Source of variation; SV - Source of variation; CV- coefficient of variation.
Linear	^ns ns respectively not significant and significant at p < 0.05 and < 0.01; SV - Source of variation; SV - Source of variation; CV- coefficient of variation.	^ns ns respectively not significant and significant at p < 0.05 and < 0.01; SV - Source of variation; SV - Source of variation; CV- coefficient of variation.	^ns ns respectively not significant and significant at p < 0.05 and < 0.01; SV - Source of variation; SV - Source of variation; CV- coefficient of variation.	^ns ns respectively not significant and significant at p < 0.05 and < 0.01; SV - Source of variation; SV - Source of variation; CV- coefficient of variation.
Quadratic	^ns ns respectively not significant and significant at p < 0.05 and < 0.01; SV - Source of variation; SV - Source of variation; CV- coefficient of variation.	^ns ns respectively not significant and significant at p < 0.05 and < 0.01; SV - Source of variation; SV - Source of variation; CV- coefficient of variation.	^ns ns respectively not significant and significant at p < 0.05 and < 0.01; SV - Source of variation; SV - Source of variation; CV- coefficient of variation.	^ns ns respectively not significant and significant at p < 0.05 and < 0.01; SV - Source of variation; SV - Source of variation; CV- coefficient of variation.
ECns × H₂O₂	^ns ns respectively not significant and significant at p < 0.05 and < 0.01; SV - Source of variation; SV - Source of variation; CV- coefficient of variation.	^ns ns respectively not significant and significant at p < 0.05 and < 0.01; SV - Source of variation; SV - Source of variation; CV- coefficient of variation.	^ns ns respectively not significant and significant at p < 0.05 and < 0.01; SV - Source of variation; SV - Source of variation; CV- coefficient of variation.	^ns ns respectively not significant and significant at p < 0.05 and < 0.01; SV - Source of variation; SV - Source of variation; CV- coefficient of variation.
Overall Mean	513.10	2242.64	1729.53	0.77
CV (%)	7.03	8.03	9.32	2.17

SV	F test
SV	TP	TNF	BDF	DLMT	FBD	FLMT	TSS	pH
ECns	^ respectively not significant and significant at p < 0.05 and p < 0.01; CV= coefficient of variation.	^ respectively not significant and significant at p < 0.05 and p < 0.01; CV= coefficient of variation.	^ respectively not significant and significant at p < 0.05 and p < 0.01; CV= coefficient of variation.	^ respectively not significant and significant at p < 0.05 and p < 0.01; CV= coefficient of variation.	^ns ns respectively not significant and significant at p < 0.05 and p < 0.01; CV= coefficient of variation.	^ respectively not significant and significant at p < 0.05 and p < 0.01; CV= coefficient of variation.	^ respectively not significant and significant at p < 0.05 and p < 0.01; CV= coefficient of variation.	^ respectively not significant and significant at p < 0.05 and p < 0.01; CV= coefficient of variation.
Linear	^ respectively not significant and significant at p < 0.05 and p < 0.01; CV= coefficient of variation.	^ respectively not significant and significant at p < 0.05 and p < 0.01; CV= coefficient of variation.	^ respectively not significant and significant at p < 0.05 and p < 0.01; CV= coefficient of variation.	^ respectively not significant and significant at p < 0.05 and p < 0.01; CV= coefficient of variation.	^ns ns respectively not significant and significant at p < 0.05 and p < 0.01; CV= coefficient of variation.	^ respectively not significant and significant at p < 0.05 and p < 0.01; CV= coefficient of variation.	^* * respectively not significant and significant at p < 0.05 and p < 0.01; CV= coefficient of variation.	^ respectively not significant and significant at p < 0.05 and p < 0.01; CV= coefficient of variation.
Quadratic	^ns ns respectively not significant and significant at p < 0.05 and p < 0.01; CV= coefficient of variation.	^ns ns respectively not significant and significant at p < 0.05 and p < 0.01; CV= coefficient of variation.	^ns ns respectively not significant and significant at p < 0.05 and p < 0.01; CV= coefficient of variation.	^ns ns respectively not significant and significant at p < 0.05 and p < 0.01; CV= coefficient of variation.	^ns ns respectively not significant and significant at p < 0.05 and p < 0.01; CV= coefficient of variation.	^ns ns respectively not significant and significant at p < 0.05 and p < 0.01; CV= coefficient of variation.	^ respectively not significant and significant at p < 0.05 and p < 0.01; CV= coefficient of variation.	^ns ns respectively not significant and significant at p < 0.05 and p < 0.01; CV= coefficient of variation.
H₂O₂	^ns ns respectively not significant and significant at p < 0.05 and p < 0.01; CV= coefficient of variation.	^ respectively not significant and significant at p < 0.05 and p < 0.01; CV= coefficient of variation.	^ns ns respectively not significant and significant at p < 0.05 and p < 0.01; CV= coefficient of variation.	^ns ns respectively not significant and significant at p < 0.05 and p < 0.01; CV= coefficient of variation.	^ns ns respectively not significant and significant at p < 0.05 and p < 0.01; CV= coefficient of variation.	^ns ns respectively not significant and significant at p < 0.05 and p < 0.01; CV= coefficient of variation.	^ns ns respectively not significant and significant at p < 0.05 and p < 0.01; CV= coefficient of variation.	^ respectively not significant and significant at p < 0.05 and p < 0.01; CV= coefficient of variation.
Linear	^ns ns respectively not significant and significant at p < 0.05 and p < 0.01; CV= coefficient of variation.	^ respectively not significant and significant at p < 0.05 and p < 0.01; CV= coefficient of variation.	^ns ns respectively not significant and significant at p < 0.05 and p < 0.01; CV= coefficient of variation.	^ns ns respectively not significant and significant at p < 0.05 and p < 0.01; CV= coefficient of variation.	^ns ns respectively not significant and significant at p < 0.05 and p < 0.01; CV= coefficient of variation.	^ns ns respectively not significant and significant at p < 0.05 and p < 0.01; CV= coefficient of variation.	^ns ns respectively not significant and significant at p < 0.05 and p < 0.01; CV= coefficient of variation.	^* * respectively not significant and significant at p < 0.05 and p < 0.01; CV= coefficient of variation.
Quadratic	^ns ns respectively not significant and significant at p < 0.05 and p < 0.01; CV= coefficient of variation.	^ns ns respectively not significant and significant at p < 0.05 and p < 0.01; CV= coefficient of variation.	^ns ns respectively not significant and significant at p < 0.05 and p < 0.01; CV= coefficient of variation.	^ns ns respectively not significant and significant at p < 0.05 and p < 0.01; CV= coefficient of variation.	^ns ns respectively not significant and significant at p < 0.05 and p < 0.01; CV= coefficient of variation.	^ns ns respectively not significant and significant at p < 0.05 and p < 0.01; CV= coefficient of variation.	^ns ns respectively not significant and significant at p < 0.05 and p < 0.01; CV= coefficient of variation.	^ns ns respectively not significant and significant at p < 0.05 and p < 0.01; CV= coefficient of variation.
ECns ß H₂O₂	^ respectively not significant and significant at p < 0.05 and p < 0.01; CV= coefficient of variation.	^ns ns respectively not significant and significant at p < 0.05 and p < 0.01; CV= coefficient of variation.	^* * respectively not significant and significant at p < 0.05 and p < 0.01; CV= coefficient of variation.	^ respectively not significant and significant at p < 0.05 and p < 0.01; CV= coefficient of variation.	^ns ns respectively not significant and significant at p < 0.05 and p < 0.01; CV= coefficient of variation.	^ respectively not significant and significant at p < 0.05 and p < 0.01; CV= coefficient of variation.	^* * respectively not significant and significant at p < 0.05 and p < 0.01; CV= coefficient of variation.	^ns ns respectively not significant and significant at p < 0.05 and p < 0.01; CV= coefficient of variation.
Overall Mean	1454.77	4.21	58.40	41.74	56.51	62.06	4.35	6.26
CV (%)	26.35	21.33	5.94	5.19	6.51	4.90	5.63	5.36

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E-mail: caatinga@ufersa.edu.br

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GAS EXCHANGE AND HYDROPONIC PRODUCTION OF ZUCCHINI UNDER SALT STRESS AND H2O2 APPLICATION

TROCAS GASOSAS E PRODUÇÃO HIDROPÔNICA DE ABOBRINHA ITALIANA SOB ESTRESSE SALINO E APLICAÇÃO DE H2O2

ABSTRACT

GAS EXCHANGE AND HYDROPONIC PRODUCTION OF ZUCCHINI UNDER SALT STRESS AND H₂O₂ APPLICATION

TROCAS GASOSAS E PRODUÇÃO HIDROPÔNICA DE ABOBRINHA ITALIANA SOB ESTRESSE SALINO E APLICAÇÃO DE H₂O₂