PRODUTIVIDADE DA SOJA EM SEMEADURA DIRETA COM ANTECIPAÇÃO DA ADUBAÇÃO NA CULTURA DE <i>Eleusine coracana</i>

SEGATELLI, CLÁUDIO ROBERTO; CÂMARA, GIL MIGUEL DE SOUSA; AGUILA, LÍLIA SICHMANN HEIFFIG-DEL; AGUILA, JUAN SAAVEDRA DEL; FRANCISCO, EROS ARTUR BOHAC; PIEDADE, SÔNIA MARIA DE STEFANO

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Research Paper • Rev. Caatinga 35 (02) • Apr-Jun 2022 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-21252022v35n207rc copiar

PRODUTIVIDADE DA SOJA EM SEMEADURA DIRETA COM ANTECIPAÇÃO DA ADUBAÇÃO NA CULTURA DE Eleusine coracana

Autoria SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

RESUMO

A possibilidade da antecipação da adubação da soja em uma cultura antecessora traz inúmeros benefícios, principalmente, operacionais e colabora para que o sistema de produção seja mais conservacionista e equilibrado. Com o objetivo de avaliar os efeitos da adubação antecipada sobre a produtividade da cultura da soja foi conduzido o presente experimento na Estação Experimental Anhumas, Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz” (USP/ESALQ), em Piracicaba-SP, nos anos agrícolas 2001/2002, 2002/2003 e 2003/2004, em Latossolo Amarelo distrófico. A adubação consistiu da aplicação de 90 kg ha⁻¹de P₂O₅, 50 kg ha⁻¹ de K₂O e de micronutrientes (Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo e Zn). O experimento adotou delineamento em blocos completos casualizados com três repetições e 12 tratamentos que consistiram em diferentes níveis de antecipação da adubação da soja para a cultura do capim-pé-de-galinha: T1= nenhuma adubação; T2= adubação convencional na soja; T3= antecipação de 50% de K; T4= antecipação de 100% de K; T5= antecipação de 50% de P; T6= antecipação de 50% de P e K; T7= antecipação de 50% de P e 100 % de K; T8= antecipação de 100% de P; T9= antecipação de 100% de P e 50% de K; T10= antecipação de 100% de P e K; T11= antecipação de 100% de P e K + micronutrientes; T12= antecipação da adubação foliar com micronutrientes. Conclui-se que a antecipação da adubação de semeadura com fósforo e potássio da cultura da soja para a semeadura do capim-pé-de-galinha não interfere com a massa de mil sementes e nem com a produtividade agrícola da soja.

Palavras-chave
Glycine max (L.) Merrill; Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn; Fósforo; Potássio; Manejo de fertilizantes

Practice	Year 1	Year 2	Year 3
Finger millet sowing	9/6/2001	9/23/2002	8/14/2003
Finger millet desiccation	11/21/2001	11/30/2002	10/20/2003
Soybean sowing	12/6/2001	12/12/2002	12/11/2003
Soybean Harvest	4/12/2002	4/14/2003	4/17/2004

Depth	pH	OM	P	S	K	Ca	Mg	Al	H+Al	SB	T	V	m
(cm)	(CaCl₂)	(g dm⁻³)	(mg dm⁻³)		(mmol_c dm⁻³)							(%)
0–20	5.4	31	6	19	1.9	22	15	1	22	38.9	60.9	64	3
20–40	3.9	21	4	32	1.2	9	6	12	47	16.2	63.2	26	43
40–60	4.5	16	3	35	0.9	6	3	16	42	9.9	51.9	19	62

Depth (cm)	B	Cu	Fe	Mn	Zn
	mg dm⁻³
0–20	-	0.8	88	4.4	0.9
20–40	-	2.2	47	0.4	2.8
40–60	-	1.1	35	0.6	1.1

Cultivar	BRS-133
Origin	Embrapa
Lineage	Ft-Abyara x BR 83-147
Cycle (days)	120 to 130 days
Cycle (classification)	Semi-early
Growth habit	Determinate
Plant height (cm)	82
Flower color	White
Pubescence color	Brown
Integument color	Yellow
Lodging	Resistant
Recommended sowing time	10/15 to 12/15
Reaction to pests and diseases
Stem canker	Resistant
Bacterial pustule	Resistant
Powdery mildew	Moderately susceptible
Mosaic virus	Resistant
Frogeye leaf spot	Resistant
Bacterial blight	Moderately resistant

Treatment	Finger millet	Soybean	Total
T1	00 P + 00 K	00 P + 00 K	00 P + 00 K
T2	00 P + 00 K	90 P + 50 K¹ 1 Leaf fertilization with micronutrients: boron, copper, zinc, manganese, molybdenum, and cobalt.	90 P + 50 K¹ 1 Leaf fertilization with micronutrients: boron, copper, zinc, manganese, molybdenum, and cobalt.
T3	00P + 25 K	90 P + 25 K¹ 1 Leaf fertilization with micronutrients: boron, copper, zinc, manganese, molybdenum, and cobalt.	90 P + 50 K¹ 1 Leaf fertilization with micronutrients: boron, copper, zinc, manganese, molybdenum, and cobalt.
T4	00 P + 50 K	90 P + 00 K¹ 1 Leaf fertilization with micronutrients: boron, copper, zinc, manganese, molybdenum, and cobalt.	90 P + 50 K¹ 1 Leaf fertilization with micronutrients: boron, copper, zinc, manganese, molybdenum, and cobalt.
T5	45 P + 00K	45 P + 50 K¹ 1 Leaf fertilization with micronutrients: boron, copper, zinc, manganese, molybdenum, and cobalt.	90 P + 50 K¹ 1 Leaf fertilization with micronutrients: boron, copper, zinc, manganese, molybdenum, and cobalt.
T6	45 P + 25 K	45 P + 25 K¹ 1 Leaf fertilization with micronutrients: boron, copper, zinc, manganese, molybdenum, and cobalt.	90 P + 50 K¹ 1 Leaf fertilization with micronutrients: boron, copper, zinc, manganese, molybdenum, and cobalt.
T7	45 P + 50 K	45 P + 00 K¹ 1 Leaf fertilization with micronutrients: boron, copper, zinc, manganese, molybdenum, and cobalt.	90 P + 50 K¹ 1 Leaf fertilization with micronutrients: boron, copper, zinc, manganese, molybdenum, and cobalt.
T8	90 P + 00 K	00 P + 50 K¹ 1 Leaf fertilization with micronutrients: boron, copper, zinc, manganese, molybdenum, and cobalt.	90 P + 50 K¹ 1 Leaf fertilization with micronutrients: boron, copper, zinc, manganese, molybdenum, and cobalt.
T9	90 P + 25 K	00 P + 25 K¹ 1 Leaf fertilization with micronutrients: boron, copper, zinc, manganese, molybdenum, and cobalt.	90 P + 50 K¹ 1 Leaf fertilization with micronutrients: boron, copper, zinc, manganese, molybdenum, and cobalt.
T10	90 P + 50 K	00 P + 00 K¹ 1 Leaf fertilization with micronutrients: boron, copper, zinc, manganese, molybdenum, and cobalt.	90 P + 50 K¹ 1 Leaf fertilization with micronutrients: boron, copper, zinc, manganese, molybdenum, and cobalt.
T11	90 P + 50 K¹ 1 Leaf fertilization with micronutrients: boron, copper, zinc, manganese, molybdenum, and cobalt.	00 P + 00 K	90 P + 50 K¹ 1 Leaf fertilization with micronutrients: boron, copper, zinc, manganese, molybdenum, and cobalt.
T12	00 P + 00 K¹ 1 Leaf fertilization with micronutrients: boron, copper, zinc, manganese, molybdenum, and cobalt.	90 P + 50 K	90 P + 50 K¹ 1 Leaf fertilization with micronutrients: boron, copper, zinc, manganese, molybdenum, and cobalt.

Treatment	Eleusine coracana	Soybean	Year 1	Year 2	Year 3	Three-year mean
1	00 P + 00 K	00 P + 00 K	145.9 A⁴ 4 Means followed by different uppercase letters in the row differ from each other by Tukey’s test at 5%.	151.1 b³ 3 Means followed by different lowercase letters in the column differ from each other by Tukey’s test at 5%; A	148.3 b³ 3 Means followed by different lowercase letters in the column differ from each other by Tukey’s test at 5%; A	148.5
2	00 P + 00 K	90 P + 50 K¹ 1 Leaf fertilization with micronutrients: cobalt, molybdenum, boron, copper, manganese, and zinc;	140.4 B	176.2 a A	170.8 a A	162.5
3	00P + 25 K	90 P + 25 K¹ 1 Leaf fertilization with micronutrients: cobalt, molybdenum, boron, copper, manganese, and zinc;	146.2 B	181.5 a A	170.7 a A	166.2
4	00 P + 50 K	90 P + 00 K¹ 1 Leaf fertilization with micronutrients: cobalt, molybdenum, boron, copper, manganese, and zinc;	146.3 C	186.2 a A	173.7 a B	168.7
5	45 P + 00K	45 P + 50 K¹ 1 Leaf fertilization with micronutrients: cobalt, molybdenum, boron, copper, manganese, and zinc;	143.4 B	179.7 a A	168.8 a A	163.9
6	45 P + 25 K	45 P + 25 K¹ 1 Leaf fertilization with micronutrients: cobalt, molybdenum, boron, copper, manganese, and zinc;	144.6 B	182.5 a A	173.1 a A	166.7
7	45 P + 50 K	45 P + 00 K¹ 1 Leaf fertilization with micronutrients: cobalt, molybdenum, boron, copper, manganese, and zinc;	141.3 B	182.9 a A	171.1 a A	165.1
8	90 P + 00 K	00 P + 50 K¹ 1 Leaf fertilization with micronutrients: cobalt, molybdenum, boron, copper, manganese, and zinc;	146.1 B	182.2 a A	170.4 a A	166.3
9	90 P + 25 K	00 P + 25 K¹ 1 Leaf fertilization with micronutrients: cobalt, molybdenum, boron, copper, manganese, and zinc;	142.7 B	182.1 a A	171.7 a A	165.5
10	90 P + 50 K	00 P + 00 K¹ 1 Leaf fertilization with micronutrients: cobalt, molybdenum, boron, copper, manganese, and zinc;	145.9 B	179.9 a A	174.7 a A	166.8
11	90 P + 50 K¹ 1 Leaf fertilization with micronutrients: cobalt, molybdenum, boron, copper, manganese, and zinc;	00 P + 00 K	147.6 B	178.2 a A	170.0 a A	165.2
12	00 P + 00 K¹ 1 Leaf fertilization with micronutrients: cobalt, molybdenum, boron, copper, manganese, and zinc;	90 P + 50 K	142.9 B	178.6 a A	171.4 a A	164.3
Mean			144.4	178.4	169.6	164.1
F-test			n.s.² 2 Not significant by analysis of variance;	*	*
CV (%)			3.25	2.01	1.67	2.30

Treatment	Eleusine coracana	Soybean	Year 1	Year 2	Year 3	Three-year mean
1	00 P + 00 K	00 P + 00 K	3.354 A⁴ 4 Means followed by different uppercase letters in the row differ from each other by Tukey’s test at 5%.	2.808 b³ 3 Means followed by different lowercase letters in the column differ from each other by Tukey’s test at 5%; A⁴ 4 Means followed by different uppercase letters in the row differ from each other by Tukey’s test at 5%.	3.168 b³ 3 Means followed by different lowercase letters in the column differ from each other by Tukey’s test at 5%; A⁴ 4 Means followed by different uppercase letters in the row differ from each other by Tukey’s test at 5%.	3.110
2	00 P + 00 K	90 P + 50 K¹ 1 Leaf fertilization with micronutrients: cobalt, molybdenum, boron, copper, manganese, and zinc;	3.304 B	3.713 a AB	4.051 a A	3.689
3	00P + 25 K	90 P + 25 K¹ 1 Leaf fertilization with micronutrients: cobalt, molybdenum, boron, copper, manganese, and zinc;	3.696 A	3.933 a A	4.030 a A	3.886
4	00 P + 50 K	90 P + 00 K¹ 1 Leaf fertilization with micronutrients: cobalt, molybdenum, boron, copper, manganese, and zinc;	3.479 A	3.819 a A	3.930 a A	3.743
5	45 P + 00K	45 P + 50 K¹ 1 Leaf fertilization with micronutrients: cobalt, molybdenum, boron, copper, manganese, and zinc;	3.629 A	3.859 a A	4.050 a A	3.846
6	45 P + 25 K	45 P + 25 K¹ 1 Leaf fertilization with micronutrients: cobalt, molybdenum, boron, copper, manganese, and zinc;	3.578 A	3.687 a A	4.020 a A	3.762
7	45 P + 50 K	45 P + 00 K¹ 1 Leaf fertilization with micronutrients: cobalt, molybdenum, boron, copper, manganese, and zinc;	3.527 A	3.889 a A	4.016 a A	3.811
8	90 P + 00 K	00 P + 50 K¹ 1 Leaf fertilization with micronutrients: cobalt, molybdenum, boron, copper, manganese, and zinc;	3.599 A	3.802 a A	3.927 a A	3.776
9	90 P + 25 K	00 P + 25 K¹ 1 Leaf fertilization with micronutrients: cobalt, molybdenum, boron, copper, manganese, and zinc;	3.493 A	3.845 a A	4.013 a A	3.783
10	90 P + 50 K	00 P + 00 K¹ 1 Leaf fertilization with micronutrients: cobalt, molybdenum, boron, copper, manganese, and zinc;	3.403 B	3.783 a AB	4.022 a A	3.736
11	90 P + 50 K¹ 1 Leaf fertilization with micronutrients: cobalt, molybdenum, boron, copper, manganese, and zinc;	00 P + 00 K	3.500 A	3.871 a A	3.987 a A	3.786
12	00 P + 00 K¹ 1 Leaf fertilization with micronutrients: cobalt, molybdenum, boron, copper, manganese, and zinc;	90 P + 50 K	3.632 A	3.589 a A	3.869 a A	3.696
Mean			3.516	3.717	3.924	3.719
F-test			n.s.² 1 Leaf fertilization with micronutrients: cobalt, molybdenum, boron, copper, manganese, and zinc;	*	*
CV (%)			4.73	6.44	2.30	4.74

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