CO-INOCULATION OF GROWTH PROMOTING BACTERIA AND <i>Glomus clarum</i> IN MICROPROPAGATED CASSAVA PLANTS

Lopes, Esmeralda Aparecida Porto; Silva, Almir Dias Alves da; Mergulhão, Adália Cavalcanti do Espírito Santo; Silva, Emmanuella Vila Nova da; Santiago, Antônio Dias; Figueiredo, Márcia do Vale Barreto

doi:10.1590/1983-21252019v32n116rc

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Agronomia • Rev. Caatinga 32 (01) • Jan-Mar 2019 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-21252019v32n116rc copy

CO-INOCULATION OF GROWTH PROMOTING BACTERIA AND Glomus clarum IN MICROPROPAGATED CASSAVA PLANTS¹ 1 Paper the extracted from the doctoral thesis of the first author.

CO-INOCULAÇÃO DE BACTÉRIAS PROMOTORAS DE CRESCIMENTO EM PLANTAS E Glomus clarum EM MANDIOCA MICROPROPAGADA

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and growth promoting bacteria in plants (PGPBs) benefit the survival and development of plantlets; such benefits are attributed to the increased absorption of nutrients, increased photosynthetic rate and tolerance to abiotic stress. The aim of this study was to evaluate if the co-inoculation PGPBs and the AMF, Glomus clarum, improves the growth of micropropagated Manihot esculenta Crantz. The experiment was conducted in the greenhouse. The PGPBs used were Azospirillum amazonense (BR 11140), Herbaspirillum seropedicae (BR 11175), Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus (BR 11284) and Streptomyces sp. (S 30) and mixtures with double inoculation (Streptomyces sp + A. amazonense, Streptomyces sp + H. seropedicae, Streptomyces sp + G. diazotrophicus, A. amazonense + H. seropedicae, A. amazonense + G. diazotrophicus, and H. seropedicae + G. diazotrophicus). Strains of PGPBs inoculated in cassava cv. "BRA Pretinha III" influenced mycorrhizal colonization and the number of glomerospores, and synergistic effects occurred between Glomus clarum and PGPBs. The crude protein content revealed the contribution of PGPBs to nitrogen nutrition in cassava where the inoculated plants assimilated N in equal proportion with those that received mineral nitrogen. The combined inoculation of PGPBs in the presence of Glomus clarum was significant in cassava and fostered better performance in plant growth over time, similar to all the variables studied. Co-inoculation of PGPBs and AMF can meet the N need of cassava, with implications for the reduced use of N fertilizer.

Keywords:
Manihot esculenta Crantz; Micropropagation; PGPB; Synergism; Spodsol

Treatments	Mycorrhyzal colonization	Nº of glomerspores *
	(%)	50 g∙solo^-1
S. sp.	80.00 ab	142.33 abc
A. amazonense	76.67 ab	201.33 abc
H. seropedicae	77.00 ab	322.00 ab
G. diazotrophicus	79.33 ab	205.00 abc
S. sp. + A. amazonense	59.33 c	221.00 abc
S. sp. + H. seropedicae	68.00 cb	191.00 abc
S. sp. + G. diazotrophicus	85.67 a	245.00 abc
A. amazonense + H. seropedicae	79.67 ab	46.33 c
A. amazonense + G. diazotrophicus	89.33 a	142.00 abc
G. diazotrophicus + H. seropedicae	77.67 ab	120.00 bc
CN	78.67 ab	240.33 abc
CT+AMF	81.67 ab	441.00 a
Means	77.75	209.78
(%) CV	14.37	31.80

	Stem diameter mm
Treatments	49		65
	DAP
	with AMF	non AMF	with AMF	non AMF
S. sp.	2.41 aA	1.57 aB	4.02 abA	1.82 aB
A. amazonense	2.89 aA	1.78 aB	4.63 aA	1.94 aB
H. seropedicae	2.70 aA	1.48 aB	4.44 abA	1.62 aB
G. diazotrophicus	2.80 aA	1.72 aB	4.52 abA	1.77 aB
S. sp.+A. amazonense	2.50 aA	1.71 aB	4.36 abA	2.06 aB
S. sp.+H. seropedicae	2.17 aA	1.67 aB	3.85 abA	2.15 aB
S. sp.+G. diazotrophicus	2.49 aA	1.57 aB	3.65 abA	1.77 aB
A. amazonense+H. seropedicae	2.49 aA	1.57 aB	4.35 abA	1.72 aB
A. amazonense+G. diazotrophicus	2.19 aA	1.98 aB	3.84 abA	1.92 aB
G. diazotrophicus+H. seropedicae	2.88 aA	1.95 aB	4.53 abA	2.11 aB
CN	1.98 aA	1.93 aB	3.47 bA	2.24 aB
CT	2.28 aA	1.83 aB	3.84 abA	2.15 aB
Means	2.48	1.72	4.12	1.92
%CV	19.44		13.64

	Stem diameter mm
Treatments	84		100
	DAP
	with AMF	non AMF	with AMF	non AMF
S. sp.	5.26 abA	2.08 aB	5.93 aA	2.11 aB
A. amazonense	5.50 abA	1.99 aB	6.40 aA	2.23 aB
H. seropedicae	5.49 abA	1.90 aB	5.94 aA	2.00 aB
G. diazotrophicus	5.51 abA	1.90 aB	5.74 aA	2.27 aB
S. sp.+A. amazonense	6.03 aA	2.11 aB	5.95 aA	2.17 aB
S. sp.+H. seropedicae	4.80 abA	2.29 aB	5.58 aA	2.57 aB
S. sp.+G. diazotrophicus	5.17 abA	1.85 aB	5.76 aA	1.98 aB
A. amazonense+H. seropedicae	5.14 abA	2.12 aB	5.58 aA	2.14 aB
A. amazonense+G. diazotrophicus	4.71 abA	2.15 aB	5.79 aA	2.67 aB
G. diazotrophicus+H. seropedicae	5.53 abA	2.40 aB	5.78 aA	2.55 aB
CN	4.31 bA	2.39 aB	5.25 aA	2.54 aB
CT	4.92 abA	2.42 aB	5.67 aA	2.21 aB
Means	5.19	2.11	5.76	2.31
%CV	13.33		13.00

	Seedling height cm
Treatments	49		65
	DAP
	with AMF	Non AMF	with AMF	Non AMF
S. sp.	9.33 aA	7.00 aB	18.67 aA	8.00 aB
A. amazonense	11.67 aA	6.00 aB	15.83 aA	6.83 aB
H. seropedicae	9.67 aA	6.50 aB	16.17 aA	7.33 aB
G. diazotrophicus	10.67 aA	7.17 aB	15.83 aA	7.33 aB
S. sp.+A amazonense	8.83 aA	7.67 aB	13.33 aA	9.83 aB
S. sp.+H. seropedicae	7.33 aA	7.83 aB	15.00 aA	8.17 aB
S. sp.+G. diazotrophicus	8.17 aA	7.33 aB	13.00 aA	8.50 aB
A. amazonense+H. seropedicae	9.33 aA	5.67 aB	14.67 aA	7.17 aB
A. amazonense+G. diazotrophicus	8.00 aA	8.33 aB	11.83 aA	8.83 aB
G. diazotrophicus+H. seropedicae	8.67 aA	7.00 aB	13.50 aA	8.33 aB
CN	8.50 aA	6.50 aB	15.67 aA	7.67 aB
CT	8.67 aA	7.83 aB	16.33 aA	8.17 aB
Means	9.07	7.07	14.99	8.01
%CV	27.98		26.63

	Seedling height cm
Treatments	84		100
	DAP
	with AMF	Non AMF	with AMF	Non AMF
S. sp.	25.17 aA	9.33 aB	30.83 aA	10.50 aB
A. amazonense	21.50 aA	8.00 aB	25.00 aA	8.67 aB
H. seropedicae	23.17 aA	8.17 aB	26.50 aA	8.33 aB
G. diazotrophicus	22.67 aA	8.50 aB	27.83 aA	9.00 aB
S. sp.+A amazonense	17.83 aA	10.83 aB	20.67 aA	12.50 aB
S. sp.+H. seropedicae	20.00 aA	10.67 aB	24.00 aA	11.50 aB
S. sp.+G. diazotrophicus	19.17 aA	9.83 aB	23.33 aA	10.17 aB
A. amazonense+H. seropedicae	19.17 aA	8.83 aB	23.00 aA	10.33 aB
A. amazonense+G. diazotrophicus	16.67 aA	10.17 aB	19.83 aA	11.00 aB
G. diazotrophicus+H. seropedicae	19.83 aA	10.17 aB	24.33 aA	11.17 aB
CN	23.50 aA	8.50 aB	29.33 aA	9.50 aB
CT	23.00 aA	9.83 aB	29.17 aA	10.33 aB
Means	20.97	9.40	25.32	10.25
%CV	30.48		32.74

	RDM		SDM
Treatments		g∙plant^-1
	with AMF	non AMF	With AMF	non AMF
S. sp.	2.06 aA	0.15 aB	5.57 aA	0.24 aB
A. amazonense	2.90 aA	0.12 aB	5.29 aA	0.22 aB
H. seropedicae	3.04 aA	0.08 aB	5.16 aA	0.15 aB
G. diazotrophicus	3.22 aA	0.13 aB	5.06 aA	0.22 aB
S. sp.+A. amazonense	3.34 aA	0.23 aB	4.37 aA	0.34 aB
S. sp.+H. seropedicae	3.17 aA	0.22 aB	4.34 aA	0.37 aB
S. sp.+G. diazotrophicus	2.84 aA	0.16 aB	4.76 aA	0.28 aB
A. amazonense+H. seropedicae	3.15 aA	0.15 aB	4.83 aA	0.27 aB
A. amazonense+G. diazotrophicus	2.09 aA	0.20 aB	5.22 aA	0.29 aB
G. diazotrophicus+H. seropedicae	2.43 aA	0.30 aB	4.93 aA	0.43 aB
CN	2.31 aA	0.22 aB	4.04 aA	0.33 aB
CT	2.53 aA	0.21 aB	5.22 aA	0.38 aB
Means	2.76	0.19	4.89	0.29
%CV	37.63		21.09

	N_ac SDM		N_acRDM
Treatments	mg N∙g^-1 SDM
	with AMF	non AMF	with AMF	non AMF
S. sp.	217.58 aA	9.97 aB	51.76 aA	5.43 aB
A. amazonense	194.81 aA	8.34 aB	57.52 aA	3.98 aB
H. seropedicae	202.86 aA	6.49 aB	59.43 aA	2.51 aB
G. diazotrophicus	200.99 aA	10.69 aB	73.91 aA	4.38 aB
S. sp.+A. amazonense	160.87 aA	13.69 aB	60.74 aA	7.39 aB
S. sp.+H. seropedicae	189.22 aA	14.37 aB	61.09 aA	7.99 aB
S. sp.+G. diazotrophicus	205.47 aA	8.81 aB	73.89 aA	5.32 aB
A. amazonense+H. seropedicae	196.73 aA	10.06 aB	66.90 aA	4.91 aB
A. amazonense+G. diazotrophicus	175.62 aA	10.61 aB	50.34 aA	7.13 aB
G. diazotrophicus+H. seropedicae	189.59 aA	15.66 aB	48.70 aA	10.38 aB
CN	167.86 aA	14.65 aB	65.86 aA	6.84 aB
CT	219.36 aA	12.74 aB	59.57 aA	7.24 aB
Means	193.41	11.34	60.81	6.13
%CV	20.17		32.00

	Crude protein		PSDM
Treatments	%		g P∙kg^-1 SDM
	with AMF	non AMF	with AMF
S. sp.	24.88 aA	25.41 abcA	3.20 a
A. amazonense	23.03 aA	23.82 abcA	3.11 a
H. seropedicae	24.62 aB	29.72 aA	3.07 a
G. diazotrophicus	25.13 aA	27.41 abcA	3.15 a
S. sp.+A. amazonense	22.97 aA	24.63 abcA	3.08 a
S. sp.+H. seropedicae	27.25 aA	24.29 abcA	3.10 a
S. sp.+G. diazotrophicus	27.17 aA	20.02 cB	3.18 a
A. amazonense+H. seropedicae	25.47 aA	22.91 abcA	3.12 a
A. amazonense+G. diazotrophicus	21.18 aA	23.59 abcA	3.12 a
G. diazotrophicus+H. seropedicae	24.01 aA	22.49 abcA	3.22 a
CN	26.01 aA	28.29 abA	3.17 a
CT	26.31 aA	20.68 bcB	3.20 a
Means	24.84	24.44	3.14
%CV	11.26		2.67

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[1] * Corresponding author: marcia.figueiredo@ipa.br.

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CO-INOCULATION OF GROWTH PROMOTING BACTERIA AND Glomus clarum IN MICROPROPAGATED CASSAVA PLANTS1 1 Paper the extracted from the doctoral thesis of the first author.

CO-INOCULAÇÃO DE BACTÉRIAS PROMOTORAS DE CRESCIMENTO EM PLANTAS E Glomus clarum EM MANDIOCA MICROPROPAGADA

ABSTRACT

CO-INOCULATION OF GROWTH PROMOTING BACTERIA AND Glomus clarum IN MICROPROPAGATED CASSAVA PLANTS¹ 1 Paper the extracted from the doctoral thesis of the first author.