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Hepatic trauma: five years of epidemiology in an emergency department

BACKGROUND: We analyze the epidemiological characteristics related to hepatic trauma, and we do a brief review of the different types in diagnosis and management. METHODS: A retrospective study from February 2002 to March 2007. One hundred fifty four patients were admitted at Cajuru University Hospital with hepatic trauma. RESULTS: We found that 90.26% of hepatic trauma victims were male with average age of 26.28 years old. Hepatic no blunt traumas were 72.73%. Among these, 55.54% were firearm traumas and 16.88% were caused by stab wounds. Blunt traumas were responsible by automobile collisions in 73.81%, and 26.49% were by other mechanisms. Most patients arrived at the hospital between 12:00 A.M. to 12:00 P.M. The average blood pressure was 117.6/72.3 mmHg, the average cardiac frequency was 99.03bpm and the Glasgow average was 13.6. In 60.43% of the cases, the time gap between admission and surgery took less than 2 hours. The most frequent lesions were related to a second degree followed by 3rd and 4th degree lesions reaching 88.3% of the cases. Associated lesions treated surgically were found in more than 75% of the cases. The average ISS was 15.09, 19.85, 27.83, 35.47, and 40.93%. The survival rate was 100, 88.88, 81.85, 48.88, and 22.23% in 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and 5th degree lesions, respectively. CONCLUSION: The epidemiological data reflect modern society violence, which is translated by the increasing complexity in lesions found, and it has been a challenge for the surgeon to choose the best therapeutic method.

Liver; Abdominal injuries; Wounds and injuries


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