The management of orthotropic stems modulates the photosynthetic performance and biomass allocation of productive plants of Arabica coffee

Colodetti, Tafarel Victor; Rodrigues, Wagner Nunes; Brinate, Sebastião Vinícius Batista; Martins, Lima Deleon; Cavatte, Paulo Cezar; Tomaz, Marcelo Antonio

doi:10.1590/0034-737X202067060005

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Crop Production • Rev. Ceres 67 (6) • Nov-Dec 2020 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-737X202067060005 copy

The management of orthotropic stems modulates the photosynthetic performance and biomass allocation of productive plants of Arabica coffee¹ This work is part of the first author’s Masters Dissertation, funded by CAPES.

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Due to the possibility of enhancing the physiological responses by modulating the architecture of coffee trees, the objective of the study was to analyze the leaf gas exchanges and biomass allocation of Arabica coffee cultivated with different numbers of orthotropic stems. The experiment was carried out in a plantation located in Santa Teresa-ES, Brazil, cultivated with spacing of 2.5×1.0 m, using the cultivar Catuaí Vermelho IAC44. The gas exchange rates were monitored along stages of the phenological cycle (2014/2015), following a split-plot scheme, 3×3 (number of orthotropic stems per plant in three levels: 1, 2 and 3; and the phenological stages in three levels: flowering, fruit formation and maturation). The allocation of biomass in the plagiotropic branches was also analyzed during the phenological stage of fruit maturation. The management of the number of orthotropic stems affected the photosynthetic responses and biomass allocation of coffee trees. Under the studied conditions, cultivating the plants with two orthotropic stems created conditions which promoted the photosynthetic responses. Keeping more stems promotes the availability of leaves per amount of produced fruits in the plagiotropic branches, allowing the plant to sustain the production with less metabolic wearing.

Keywords:
Coffea arabica; gas exchange; dry matter; management; pruning

Universidade Federal de Viçosa Av. Peter Henry Rolfs, s/n, 36570-000 Viçosa, Minas Gerais Brasil, Tel./Fax: (55 31) 3612-2078 - Viçosa - MG - Brazil
E-mail: ceres@ufv.br

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[1] *Corresponding author: tafarelcolodetti@hotmail.com

Parameter	Mean square
Parameter	Chl a	Chl b	Chl a+b	Chl a/b	A	g _s
Block	6.364^ns	18.027^ns	30.844^ns	0.136^ns	1.471^ns	0.00015^ns
Number of stems (P)	0.256^ns	5.876^ns	4.476^ns	0.070^ns	9.227^*	0.00210^*
Residue a	5.349	13.612	23.186	0.088	2.070	0.00016
Phenological stage (S)	438.153^*	1712.238^*	3808.931^*	1.650^*	52.829^*	0.02096^*
P × S	3.133^ns	18.428^ns	29.144^ns	0.036^ns	3.903^*	0.00067^*
Residue b	3.461	12.379	17.887	0.075	1.453	0.00016
CVa (%)	5.20	12.49	6.51	19.10	17.08	27.74
CVb (%)	4.19	11.91	5.72	17.68	14.31	28.39
Overall mean	44.44	29.55	73.99	1.50	8.42	0.04
Parameter	Mean square
Parameter	E	A/E	A/g_s	C _i	A/C_i
Block	0.063^ns	0.701^ns	2023.16^ns	1398.76^ns	0.00009^ns
Number of stems (P)	0.595^*	0.246^ns	5433.32^ns	2167.57^ns	0.00004^ns
Residue a	0.084	2.391	3393.48	1434.44	0.00015
Phenological stage (S)	6.654^*	829.029^*	2672526.47^*	8795.65^*	0.00390^*
P × S	0.261^*	10.355^*	25178.83^*	236.50^ns	0.00012^ns
Residue b	0.082	1.662	2412.07	605.88	0.00008
CVa (%)	26.81	15.83	17.40	22.00	24.32
CVb (%)	26.46	13.20	14.67	14.30	18.40
Overall mean	1.08	9.77	334.65	172.17	0.05

Chlorophyll a index		Chlorophyll b index
Number of stems	Mean	Phenological stage	Mean	Number of stems	Mean	Phenological stage	Mean
1	44.37 a	Flowering	Mean	48.77 a	1	29.42 a	Mean	Flowering	39.10 a
2	44.56 a	Fruit formation	40.23 c	2	29.12 a	Fruit formation	23.05 c
3	44.39 a	Maturation	44.31 b	3	30.10 a	Maturation	26.50 b
Total chlorophyll index		Chlorophyll ratio a/b					26.50 b
Number of stems	Mean	Phenological stage	Mean	Number of stems	Mean	Phenological stage	Mean
1	73.79 a	Flowering	Mean	87.87 a	1	1.51 a	Mean	Flowering	1.24 b
2	73.68 a	Fruit formation	63.28 c	2	1.53 a	Fruit formation	1.74 a
3	74.49 a	Maturation	70.81 b	3	1.47 a	Maturation	1.67 a

Number of stems	A (μmol CO₂ m^-2 s^-1)			g_s (mol H₂O m^-2 s^-1)
Number of stems	Flowering	Fruit formation	Maturation	Flowering	Fruit formation	Maturation
1	7.53 Ab	9.47 Ba	6.65 Bb	0.012 Ab	0.050 Ba	0.049 Ba
2	7.66 Ab	11.31 Aa	8.32 Ab	0.010 Ab	0.075 Aa	0.080 Aa
3	8.40 Aa	9.52 Ba	6.92 ABb	0.011 Ab	0.062 ABa	0.057 Ba
Number of stems	E (mmol H₂O m^-2 s^-1)			A/E (μmol mmol^-1)
Number of stems	Flowering	Fruit formation	Maturation	Flowering	Fruit formation	Maturation
1	0.51 Ab	1.08 Ba	1.20 Ba	14.76 Ba	8.77 Ab	5.54 Ac
2	0.44 Ac	1.47 Ab	1.83 Aa	17.41 Aa	7.69 Ab	4.55 Ac
3	0.50 Ab	1.26 ABa	1.43 Ba	16.80 ABa	7.55 Ab	4.84 Ac
		Number of stems	A/g_s (μmol mol^-1)
			Flowering	Fruit formation	Maturation
		1	627.5 Ba	189.4 Ab	135.7 Ab
		2	766.0 Aa	150.8 Ab	104.0 Ab
		3	763.6 Aa	153.5 Ab	121.4 Ab

C_i (μmol mol^-1)				A/C_i (mol m^-2 s^-1)
Number of stems	Mean	Phenological stage	Mean	Number of stems	Mean	Phenological stage	Mean
1	161.9 a	Flowering	158.5 b	1	0.049 a	Flowering	0.050 b
2	180.6 a	Fruit formation	164.0 b	2	0.050 a	Fruit formation	0.062 a
3	174.0 a	Maturation	194.0 a	3	0.048 a	Maturation	0.038 c

Parameter	Mean square
Parameter	ULA	SLA	LAR	TDM	SMR	LMR
Block	109.25^ns	168.03^ns	5.08^ns	15.66^ns	0.45^ns	6.55^*
Number of stems	46.87^ns	269.01^ns	80.86^*	91.21^ns	6.61^*	36.62^*
Residue	65.58	107.73	4.42	53.22	1.12	1.77
CV (%)	18.83	8.65	13.70	16.41	7.92	10.41
Overall mean	43.00	120.03	15.34	44.44	13.37	12.79
Parameter	Mean square
Parameter	HAI	PLA/FDM	PLA/NFR	LDM/FDM	LDM/NFR
Block	7.20^*	14.54^ns	1.96^ns	0.0016^*	0.0004^ns
Number of stems	21.55^*	172.59^*	41.88^*	0.0081^*	0.0019^*
Residue	1.66	10.20	1.76	0.0004	0.0001
CV (%)	1.75	15.28	14.56	11.52	16.08
Overall mean	73.84	20.90	9.13	0.17	0.08

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The management of orthotropic stems modulates the photosynthetic performance and biomass allocation of productive plants of Arabica coffee1 This work is part of the first author’s Masters Dissertation, funded by CAPES.

ABSTRACT

The management of orthotropic stems modulates the photosynthetic performance and biomass allocation of productive plants of Arabica coffee¹ This work is part of the first author’s Masters Dissertation, funded by CAPES.