O que motiva os Paulistanos a usarem a bicicleta como meio de transporte? Um estudo à luz da Teoria do Goal Framing

Foltram, Felipe Fedrigo; Schnaider, Paula Sarita Bigio; Pelegrina, Juliano

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Sumário

Articles • Rev. Adm. UFSM 15 (spe) • Dez 2022 • https://doi.org/10.5902/1983465969044 copiar

O que motiva os Paulistanos a usarem a bicicleta como meio de transporte? Um estudo à luz da Teoria do Goal Framing

Autoria SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

RESUMO

Purpose

O que motiva os paulistanos a usar a bicicleta como meio de transporte? Para responder a essa pergunta, nos baseamos conceitualmente com a Teoria do Goal-Framing (Lindenberg, 2000Lindenberg, S. (2000). The extension of rationality: Framing versus cognitive rationality. In F. C. J. Beachler, R. Kamrane (Ed.), L’Acteur Et Ses Raisons. Mélanges En l’Honneur De Raymond Boudon. (pp. 168 - 204). Press Universitaire de France. ), que busca entender como as escolhas individuais são feitas; assim como as variáveis exógenas, como clima e temperatura, que podem influenciar nessa decisão.

Design/methodology/approach

Empiricamente, realizamos um estudo quantitativo, com base em dados primários de 252 respondentes e analisados por meio de modelos de regressão logística, a partir dos quais obtivemos a probabilidade de uso de bicicletas e os pesos relativos de cada uma das variáveis definidas em nossa seção teórica.

Findings

O que motiva os paulistanos não são razões econômicas, mas sim aspectos normativos (fazer o que é certo) ou hedônicos (busca da satisfação pessoal). Em outras palavras, demonstramos que os ciclistas fazem essa escolha pelo cumprimento de uma norma, buscando benefícios ao meio ambiente e direta ou indiretamente à sociedade, ao invés de se beneficiarem individualmente dessa decisão.

Practical implications -

A pesquisa tem implicações para as políticas públicas.

Originality/value

O estudo é um dos primeiros a testar empiricamente a Teoria do Goal Framing (Lindenberg, 2000Lindenberg, S. (2000). The extension of rationality: Framing versus cognitive rationality. In F. C. J. Beachler, R. Kamrane (Ed.), L’Acteur Et Ses Raisons. Mélanges En l’Honneur De Raymond Boudon. (pp. 168 - 204). Press Universitaire de France. ) e, até onde pudemos dizer, o primeiro a avaliar as motivações para o uso da bicicleta como meio de transporte no Brasil e na América Latina.

Keywords:
Goal Framing; Motivação; Bicicletas; Transporte; Logit

Independent Variable	Description
Med_Mot_H	Median of Likert-scale responses about hedonic motivation
Med_Mot_E	Median of Likert-scale responses about gain motivation
Med_Mot_N	Median of Likert-scale responses about normative motivation
M_N3	Normative motivation as response to question about strongest motivation
M_H3	Hedonic motivation as response to question about strongest motivation
E_Rlv	Perception about terrain and feasibility to cycle in these conditions
R_Temp	Perception about extreme temperatures and feasibility to cycle in these conditions
E_Chuva	Perception about rain and feasibility to cycle in these conditions
E_Dist	Perception about distance traveled and feasibility to cycle in these conditions
E_Ciclo	Perception about bike lanes available in the route and feasibility to cycle in these conditions
E_RA	Perception about mugging and stealing and feasibility to cycle in these conditions
E_AcPes	Perception about accident safety and feasibility to cycle in these conditions
E_Conse	Perception about bike lane conservation and feasibility to cycle in these conditions
E_Vest	Perception about changing rooms available for cyclists and feasibility to cycle in these conditions
E_Bic	Perception about the presence of bike-parking and feasibility to cycle in these conditions
P_Bici	Owner or not owner of a bicycle (respondent)
P_Reg_Mora	Region where respondent lives
P_Reg_Trab	Region where respondent works or studies
P_Dist	Distance from respondent workplace or school to respondent home
P_Idade	Respondent age
P_Gen	Respondent gender
P_Renda	Respondent income range
P_Renda2	Separation of incomes over BRL10,000.00 (1) and below this amount (0)

	Model I	Model II	Model III	Model IV
Pseudo R2	0,7677	0,7834	0,8392	0,8092
Variables	Coef	Coef	Coef	Coef
Med_Mot_H	1,42**	1,55*	1,76	1,68*
Med_Mot_E	-1,88	-2,18	-3,25	-2,59*
Med_Mot_N	3,92***	4,27***	7,15**	5,38***
M_N3	-	2,78*	2,69	3,89
M_H3	-	0,42	-1,00	0,01
E_Rlv	-1,43	-1,22	-0,96	-0,98
E_Temp	1,66	1,62	0,40	0,94
E_Chuva	1,50*	1,22	2,64*	1,79*
E_Dist	-0,89*	-0,86	-1,39	-1,09
E_Ciclo	-1,02	-1,17	-2,87*	-1,72*
E_RA	0,23	0,76	0,68	0,73
E_AcPes	1,12	0,98	2,99*	1,86*
E_Conse	0,45	0,35	0,36	0,12
E_Vest	-0,37	-0,59	0,47	-0,53
E_Bic	0,23	0,41	-0,25	0,42
P_Bici	5,45**	6,45**	9,34**	8,09**
P_Reg_Mora	-0,02	0,06	-0,05	0,14
P_Reg_Trab	-0,17	-0,22	-0,29	-0,14
P_Dist	1,95**	2,20**	3,39**	2,78**
P_Idade	-0,04	-0,06	0,01	-0,04
P_Gen	3,10**	3,46**	3,02	2,76
P_Renda	-	-	-2,57**	-
P_Renda2	-	-	-	-2,87*

Universidade Federal de Santa Maria Avenida Roraima nº 1000, Prédio 74C, Sala 4210 - Cidade Universitária - Centro de Ciências Sociais e Humanas (CCSH) - Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Cep: 97105-900, Tel: +55 (55) 3220-9242 - Santa Maria - RS - Brazil
E-mail: rea@ufsm.br

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[1] AUTHORS

1. Felipe Fedrigo Foltram Institution / Affiliation: Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. Biography Summary: Bachelor in Business Administration - FEAUSP E-mail: fffoltram@gmail.com

Variable	Incentive Direction	Articles indicating incentive direction
Infrastructure	+	Dill & Carr, 2003Dill, J., & Carr, T. (2003). Bicycle Commuting and Facilities in Major U.S. Cities: If You Build Them, Commuters Will Use Them. Transportation Research Record, 1828(1), 116-123. https://doi.org/10.3141/1828-14 https://doi.org/10.3141/1828-14... ; Handy et al., 2010Handy, S. L., Xing, Y., & Buehler, T. J. (2010). Factors associated with bicycle ownership and use: a study of six small U.S. cities. Transportation, 37(6), 967-985. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11116-010-9269-x https://doi.org/10.1007/s11116-010-9269-... ; Pucher et al., 2010Pucher, J., Dill, J., & Handy, S. (2010). Infrastructure, programs, and policies to increase bicycling: An international review. Preventive Medicine , 50, S106-S125. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2009.07.028 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2009.07....
Crime/Infrastructure	-	Beck & Immers, 1994Beck, M., & Immers, L. (1994). Bicycle Ownership and Use in Amsterdam. Transportation Research Record. ; Handy et al., 2010Handy, S. L., Xing, Y., & Buehler, T. J. (2010). Factors associated with bicycle ownership and use: a study of six small U.S. cities. Transportation, 37(6), 967-985. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11116-010-9269-x https://doi.org/10.1007/s11116-010-9269-... ; Van Lierop et al., 2015Van Lierop, D., Grimsrud, M., & El-Geneidy, A. (2015). Breaking into Bicycle Theft: Insights from Montreal, Canada. International Journal of Sustainable Transportation , 9(7), 490-501.
Temperature too hot	-	Dill & Carr, 2003Dill, J., & Carr, T. (2003). Bicycle Commuting and Facilities in Major U.S. Cities: If You Build Them, Commuters Will Use Them. Transportation Research Record, 1828(1), 116-123. https://doi.org/10.3141/1828-14 https://doi.org/10.3141/1828-14... ; Flynn et Al (2011) ; Saneinejad et Al, 2011
Temperature too cold	-	Dill & Carr, 2003Dill, J., & Carr, T. (2003). Bicycle Commuting and Facilities in Major U.S. Cities: If You Build Them, Commuters Will Use Them. Transportation Research Record, 1828(1), 116-123. https://doi.org/10.3141/1828-14 https://doi.org/10.3141/1828-14... ; Flynn et Al (2011) ; Saneinejad et Al, 2011
Rain	-	Heinen et Al, 2011 ; Saneinejad et Al, 2011 ; Flynn et Al (2011)
Excessive elevation (terrain)	-	Cole-Hunter et Al , 2015Cole-Hunter, T., Donaire-Gonzalez, D., Curto, A., Ambros, A., Valentin, A., Garcia-Aymerich, J.,. . . Nieuwenhuijsen, M. (2015). Objective correlates and determinants of bicycle commuting propensity in an urban environment. Transportation Research Part D-Transport and Environment, 40, 132-143. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2015.07.004 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2015.07.00... ; Handy et Al, 2010Handy, S. L., Xing, Y., & Buehler, T. J. (2010). Factors associated with bicycle ownership and use: a study of six small U.S. cities. Transportation, 37(6), 967-985. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11116-010-9269-x https://doi.org/10.1007/s11116-010-9269-... ; Dill & Carr, 2003Dill, J., & Carr, T. (2003). Bicycle Commuting and Facilities in Major U.S. Cities: If You Build Them, Commuters Will Use Them. Transportation Research Record, 1828(1), 116-123. https://doi.org/10.3141/1828-14 https://doi.org/10.3141/1828-14...
Flat routes (terrain)	+	Cole-Hunter et Al , 2015Cole-Hunter, T., Donaire-Gonzalez, D., Curto, A., Ambros, A., Valentin, A., Garcia-Aymerich, J.,. . . Nieuwenhuijsen, M. (2015). Objective correlates and determinants of bicycle commuting propensity in an urban environment. Transportation Research Part D-Transport and Environment, 40, 132-143. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2015.07.004 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2015.07.00... ; Handy et Al, 2010Handy, S. L., Xing, Y., & Buehler, T. J. (2010). Factors associated with bicycle ownership and use: a study of six small U.S. cities. Transportation, 37(6), 967-985. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11116-010-9269-x https://doi.org/10.1007/s11116-010-9269-... ; Dill & Carr, 2003Dill, J., & Carr, T. (2003). Bicycle Commuting and Facilities in Major U.S. Cities: If You Build Them, Commuters Will Use Them. Transportation Research Record, 1828(1), 116-123. https://doi.org/10.3141/1828-14 https://doi.org/10.3141/1828-14...
Long distances	-	Beck & Immers (1994Beck, M., & Immers, L. (1994). Bicycle Ownership and Use in Amsterdam. Transportation Research Record. ) ; Cole-Hunter et Al (2015Cole-Hunter, T., Donaire-Gonzalez, D., Curto, A., Ambros, A., Valentin, A., Garcia-Aymerich, J.,. . . Nieuwenhuijsen, M. (2015). Objective correlates and determinants of bicycle commuting propensity in an urban environment. Transportation Research Part D-Transport and Environment, 40, 132-143. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2015.07.004 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2015.07.00... ) ; Pucher J. et al. (2010Pucher, J., Dill, J., & Handy, S. (2010). Infrastructure, programs, and policies to increase bicycling: An international review. Preventive Medicine , 50, S106-S125. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2009.07.028 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2009.07.... )