Effect of music combined with swaddling on pain in full-term newborns: randomized clinical trial

The objective was to evaluate the effect of music applied within ten and 15 minutes, combined with swaddling, on behavioral (facial action) and physiological (heart rate) responses to pain in full-term newborns, before and during venipuncture for blood sampling. A randomized, triple-blind, clinical trial with 52 rooming in infants randomly assigned to four groups of 13: Experimental 1 (music [ten minutes] plus swaddling), Experimental 2 (music [15 minutes] plus swaddling), Control 1 (no music [ten minutes] plus swaddling), and Control 2 (no music [15 minutes] plus swaddling). Pain was measured using the Neonatal Facial Coding System in the basal and procedural moments. Experimental 2 group showed high pain absence (p < 0.05); low heart rate mean (p < 0.0001) in the basal and procedural (antisepsis, puncture, blood squeezing/aspiration, compression) moments. Neonates who listened to 15 minutes of music plus swaddling showed a greater absence of facial pain actions.

One of the most complex forms of creativity is musical improvisation where new music is produced in real time. Brain behavior during music production has several dimensions depending on the conditions of the performance. The expression of creativity is suspected to be different whether novel ideas must be externalized using a musical instrument or can be imagined internally. This study explores whole brain functional network connectivity from fMRI data during jazz music improvisation compared against a baseline of prelearned score performance. Given that creativity might be affected by external execution, another dimension where musicians imagine or vocalize the music was also tested. We found improvisation was associated with a state of weak connectivity necessary for attenuated executive control network recruitment associated with a feeling of "flow" allowing unhindered musical creation. In addition, elicited connectivity for sensorimotor and executive control networks is not different whether musicians imagine or externalize (through vocalization) musical performance.
sooner rewards (SS), whereas music-induced sadness made participants prefer larger-but-later rewards (LL). Time perception partially mediated this effect: the greater the perceived temporal difference, the more likely they were to prefer SS. Tempo and mode were then manipulated to disentangle the effects of arousal and mood on intertemporal choices. Only tempo-induced arousal, but not mode-induced mood, affected intertemporal choices. These results suggest the role of arousal in intertemporal decision making and provide evidence in support of equate-to-differentiate theory with regard to the noncompensatory mechanism in intertemporal choices.
Le persone tendono a scegliere ricompense più piccole e immediate rispetto a ricompense più grandi e ritardate. Si pensa che questo fenomeno sia associato al coinvolgimento emotivo. Tuttavia, pochi studi hanno dimostrato l'impatto in tempo reale delle emozioni incidentali sulle scelte intertemporali. Questa ricerca ha studiato gli effetti delle emozioni incidentali indotte dalla musica sulle scelte intertemporali, durante le quali veniva contemporaneamente suonata musica felice o triste. Gli Autori hanno scoperto che la felicità indotta dalla musica ha fatto sì che i partecipanti preferissero ricompense più piccole ma più precoci (SS), mentre la tristezza indotta dalla musica faceva sì che i partecipanti preferissero ricompense più grandi ma più tardive (LL). La percezione del tempo mediava in parte questo effetto: maggiore era la differenza temporale percepita, più era probabile che preferissero SS. Tempo e modalità sono stati quindi manipolati per districare gli effetti dell'eccitazione e dell'umore sulle scelte intertemporali. Solo l'attivazione indotta dal tempo, ma non l'umore indotto dalla modalità, influenzava le scelte intertemporali. Tali risultati suggeriscono il ruolo dell'arousal/attivazione nel processo decisionale intertemporale e forniscono prove a sostegno della teoria dell'equiparare per differenziare, rispetto al meccanismo non compensatorio nelle scelte intertemporali. The procedure of Intracavitary Brachytherapy (ICBT) involves use of spinal anesthesia and invasive procedure leading to anxiety among the patients. Music therapy (MT) has been established as an excellent measure to alleviate anxiety; however, the role is scarcely employed. This randomized study evaluates the impact of MT on anxiety and distress during the procedure of ICBT in cervical malignancies. In this single institute, Randomized trial comparing MT versus no MT in patients undergoing ICBT for cervical malignancies, subjective assessment for stress and anxiety was done with use of pre-State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-S Anxiety) questionnaire and Symptom Distress Thermometer (SDT). Patients under the MT group were counselled for their choice of music prior to the treatment and the non-MT group did not receive any such counselling. After the completion of treatment, both the questionnaires were again repeated and repeated-measures analysis of variance was used to assess treatment effects on STAI and SDT. Correlation between STAI and SDT was also assessed at both time points and by group with Spearman correlation coefficients. A total of 70 patients with histopathological proven cervical malignancy were enrolled with 35 each in the MT and non-MT group. The median age was 48.5 years and both groups were matched in the treatment and patient characteristics. The overall mean pre-and post-simulation STAI-S scores were 42.3 (range, 22-62) and 37.7 (range, 20-64), respectively. The overall mean pre-and post-simulation SDT scores were 4.6 (range, 0-10) and 3.2 (range, 0-10), respectively. The MT group had mean pre-and post-simulation STAI-S scores of 42.8 and 32.3, respectively (P < 0.001) and the mean SDT scores before and after simulation were 4.5 and 1.9, respectively (P < 0.001) The no-MT group's mean pre-and post-simulation STAI-S scores were 41.9 and 39.9, respectively (P = 0.54), and the mean SDT scores were 4.7 and 3.9, respectively (P = 0.76). The role of Music therapy as a method to reduce the patient anxiety has been well established in our study. The reduced anxiety in the patient helps the oncologist in performing a better implant which indirectly would lead to better disease control and survival. MT should be incorporated in the Brachytherapy Operating room to help alleviate the patients alleviate their procedure related stress and anxiety.

The Pierfranco and Luisa Mariani Foundation
Since its beginnings in 1985, the Mariani Foundation has established itself as a leading organization in the field of paediatric neurology by organizing a variety of advanced courses, providing research grants, and supporting specialized care. The Foundation works in close cooperation with major public healthcare institutions, complementing their scientific programs and other activities. In 2009 it became the first private entity in Italy to join the founding members of the National Neurologic Institute "Carlo Besta" in Milan. In addition to its services, the Foundation aims, through its continuing medical education courses and publications, to spread knowledge in the field of paediatric neurology in order to help treat or alleviate a large number of paediatric neurologic disorders.
In the year 2000, the Mariani Foundation has added a new and important dimension to its activities: fostering the study of the multiple links between the neurosciences and music, including music education and early intervention. This significant commitment has inspired the series of " Neurosciences and Music" conferences, held in Venice (2002), Leipzig (2005), Montreal (2008), Edinburgh (2011), Dijon (2014, Boston (2017), andAarhus (2021). All these meetings have led to the publication of major volumes in the Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. Notice on privacy of personal information "Neuromusic News", providing periodic updates on Neurosciences and Music, has been sent to you since you have registered to the Neuromusic Mailing List or because you have expressed an interest in this field (as a participant in our Neurosciences conference or through a request on the subject). Your data is stored securely and will be handled confidentially. It will be used exclusively by the Mariani Foundation to communicate its own information and will not be passed on to third parties.
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