Knowledge, attitude and practice of people with HIV regarding a healthy lifestyle: clinical trial

Lima, Maria Amanda Correia; Cunha, Gilmara Holanda da; Lopes, Marcos Venícios de Oliveira; Fontenele, Marina Soares Monteiro; Siqueira, Larissa Rodrigues; Ramalho, Ane Kelly Lima

doi:10.1590/0034-7167-2021-0307

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ORIGINAL ARTICLE • Rev. Bras. Enferm. 75 (5) • 2022 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2021-0307 linkcopy

Knowledge, attitude and practice of people with HIV regarding a healthy lifestyle: clinical trial

Conocimiento, actitud y práctica de personas con VIH acerca del estilo de vida saludable: ensayo clínico

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of an educational booklet on the knowledge, attitude and practice of a healthy lifestyle in people with HIV.

Methods: Randomized clinical trial with 75 intervention group patients using the booklet, and 75 control group patients undergoing usual service care. Data collection occurred in four moments, with a Survey pertaining Knowledge, Attitude and Practice. Nonparametric analysis of variance of repeated measures was used.

Results: 70 participants in the intervention group and 74 in the control group completed the study. In terms of knowledge, there was no difference between groups, the booklet impact came late, increasing after reassessments. In attitudes, there was a difference between groups in the two- and four-month reassessments compared to the baseline. In practices, there was a difference in the intervention group compared to the control group at two, four, and six months compared to baseline.

Conclusion: The booklet was effective in improving healthy lifestyle knowledge, attitudes, and practices in people with HIV.

Descriptors:
HIV; Life Style; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; Educational Technology; Health Promotion

Sociodemographic, epidemiological and clinical variables	Intervention group		Control group		Total		p value^*
Sociodemographic, epidemiological and clinical variables	n	%	n	%	n	%	p value^*
Sex							0.551
Male	45	64.2	44	59.4	89	61.8
Female	25	35.8	30	40.6	55	38.2
Skin color							0.464
White	17	24.3	13	17.5	30	20.8
Black	11	15.7	11	14.9	22	15.3
Brown	39	55.7	49	66.2	88	61.1
Yellow	3	4.3	1	1.4	4	2.8
Marital status							0.333
Single	39	55.8	34	45.9	73	50.8
Married/living together	18	25.7	28	37.9	46	31.9
Divorced/separated	9	12.7	6	8.1	15	10.4
Widowed	4	5.8	6	8.1	10	6.9
Religion							0.337
Catholic	41	58.5	43	58.1	84	58.3
Evangelical	13	18.4	18	24.3	31	21.5
No religion	12	17.0	6	8.1	18	12.5
Other	1	1.3	4	5.4	5	3.5
Spiritist	3	4.8	3	4.1	6	4.2
Occupational situation							0.627
Employed	44	62.7	41	55.4	85	59.1
Unemployed	14	20.0	21	28.4	35	24.2
Retired	9	12.7	9	12.2	18	12.5
On leave	3	4.6	3	4.0	6	4.2
Exposure category							0.657
Sexual	65	92.7	70	94.6	135	93.8
Blood transfusion	3	4.4	2	2.6	5	3.4
Injecting drug user	2	2.9	1	1.4	3	2.1
Vertical transmission	0	0.0	1	1.4	1	0.7
Sexual orientation							0.208
Heterosexual	40	57.2	44	59.5	84	58.4
Homosexual	22	31.4	25	33.8	47	32.6
Bisexual	8	11.4	3	4.0	11	7.6
Transgender	0	0.0	2	2.7	2	1.4
Partner’s anti-HIV serology							0.372
Positive	14	20.0	16	21.6	30	20.8
Negative	15	21.4	24	32.4	39	27.1
Without partner	37	52.9	32	43.3	69	47.9
Doesn't know/didn't undergo	4	5.7	2	2.7	6	4.2

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[TFN1] * Pearson's chi-squared test.

1. Time	EMM	SE	df	CI95%
Baseline	255	13.3	460	229	281
2 months	266	13.3	460	240	292
4 months	294	13.3	460	267	320
6 months	339	13.3	460	313	366
1.1. Contrasts	Estimate	SE	df	t	p value
Baseline - 2 months	-11.2	16	426	-0.70	0.897
Baseline - 4 months	-38.6	16	426	-2.41	0.077
Baseline - 6 months	-84.4	16	426	-5.27	< 0.001
2 months - 4 months	-27.4	16	426	-1.71	0.321
2 months - 6 months	-73.1	16	426	-4.57	< 0.001
4 months - 6 months	-45.8	16	426	-2.86	0.023
2. Group	EMM	SE	df	CI95%
Control	270	12.5	142	245	295
Intervention	307	12.5	142	282	332
2.1. Contrasts	Estimate	SE	df	t	p value
Control – Intervention	-37	17.6	142	-2.10	0.037

1. Time	EMM	SE	df	CI95%
Baseline	239	12.8	424	214	264
2 months	304	12.8	424	279	330
4 months	318	12.8	424	293	343
6 months	292	12.8	424	267	318
1.1. Contrasts	Estimate	SE	df	t	p value
Baseline - 2 months	-65.7	14.7	426	-4.47	< 0.001
Baseline - 4 months	-79.6	14.7	426	-5.41	< 0.001
Baseline - 6 months	-53.8	14.7	426	-3.65	0.002
2 months - 4 months	-13.9	14.7	426	-0.94	0.782
2 months - 6 months	12.0	14.7	426	0.81	0.848
4 months - 6 months	25.9	14.7	426	1.76	0.296
2. Group	EMM	SE	df	CI95%
Control	286	12.8	142	261	311
Intervention	291	12.8	142	266	316
2.1. Contrasts	Estimate	SE	df	t	p value
Control – Intervention	-4.85	18.1	142	-0.27	0.789

1. Time	EMM	SE	df	CI95%
Baseline	232	13.6	341	206	259
2 months	281	13.6	341	254	308
4 months	315	13.6	341	288	342
6 months	326	13.6	341	299	352
1.1. Contrasts	Estimate	SE	df	t	p value
Baseline - 2 months	-48.5	14	426	-3.46	0.003
Baseline - 4 months	-83.0	14	426	-5.92	< 0.001
Baseline - 6 months	-93.4	14	426	-6.67	< 0.001
2 months - 4 months	-34.5	14	426	-2.46	0.068
2 months - 6 months	-44.9	14	426	-3.20	0.008
4 months - 6 months	-10.4	14	426	-0.74	0.880
2. Group	EMM	SE	df	CI95%
Control	239	14.6	142	211	268
Intervention	338	14.6	142	309	366
2.1. Contrasts	Estimate	SE	df	t	p value
Control – Intervention	-98	20.7	142	-4.74	< 0.001