Factors associated with psychoactive substance use among professional truck drivers

Abreu, Ângela Maria Mendes; Costa, Rafaela Maria Figueiredo da; Jomar, Rafael Tavares; Portela, Luciana Fernandes

doi:10.1590/0034-7167-2021-0187

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Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem

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Sumário

ORIGINAL ARTICLE • Rev. Bras. Enferm. 75 (Suppl 3) • 2022 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2021-0187 copy

Factors associated with psychoactive substance use among professional truck drivers

Factores relacionados al uso de psicotrópicos entre motoristas profesionales de camión

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Objectives:

to identify factors associated with the use of psychoactive substances among professional truck drivers.

Methods:

cross-sectional study that investigated the use of at least one psychoactive substance and its association with sociodemographic, occupational, and health characteristics in 354 professional truck drivers. Researchers collected data through face-to-face interviews using forms. Multiple regression analyzes estimated prevalence ratios (PR) and respective 95% confidence intervals (95%CI).

Results:

lower family income (PR: 2.03; 95%CI: 1.08-3.83), symptoms of insomnia (PR: 2.18, 95%CI: 1.46-3.26), and long working hours (PR: 1.95, 95%CI: 1.30-2.92) independently associated with the use of at least one psychoactive substance.

Conclusions:

a set of sociodemographic, occupational, and health variables acts at distinct levels and is independently associated with the use of psychoactive substances among professional truck drivers.

Descriptors:
Illicit Drugs; Motor Vehicles; Occupational Health Nursing; Occupational Health; Cross-Sectional Studies

Variables	Risky use of at least one substance
	Yes	No	p^ * Pearson’s chi-square test; †Current minimum wage: R$ 880.00, Brazil, 2016.*
	n (%)	n (%)
Age
Up to 42 years	51 (27.1)	137 (72.9)	0.082
43 years or older	32 (19.3)	134 (80.7)
Schooling
Primary	51 (23.1)	170 (76.9)	0.833
Middle/bachelor	32 (24.1)	101 (75.9)
Live with partner
Yes	63 (21.9)	225 (78.1)	0.145
No	20 (30.3)	46 (69.7)
Skin color (n = 348)
Black/brown	43 (22.8)	146 (77.2)	0.909
White	37 (23.3)	122 (76.7)
Children < 6 years
Yes	75 (23.6)	243 (76.4)	0.854
No	8 (22.2)	28 (77.8)
Per capita household income†
≤ 1 minimum wage	74 (26.4)	206 (73.6)	0.010
> 1 minimum wage	9 (12.2)	65 (87.8)
Religion (n = 348)
No	4 (14.8)	23 (85.2)	0.293
Yes	76 (23.7)	245 (76.3)

Variables	Risky use of at least one substance
	Yes	No	p^ * Pearson’s chi-square test.*
	n (%)	n (%)
Tobacco (n = 353)
Smokers/ex-smokers	45 (26.9)	122 (73.1)	0.149
Non-smoking	38 (20.4)	148 (79.6)
Self-assessment of health (n = 353)
Bad	31 (33.0)	63 (67.0)	0.012
Good	52 (20.1)	207 (79.9)
Complaints of insomnia
Have	56 (33.1)	113 (66.9)	< 0.001
It does not have	27 (14.6)	158 (85.4)
Common mental disorders (n = 353)
Presence	28 (39.4)	43 (60.6)	< 0.001
Absence	55 (19.5)	227 (80.5)
Absenteeism due to illness
From 1 day	32 (30.5)	73 (69.5)	0.043
No day	51 (20.5)	198 (79.5)
Number of chronic diseases (n = 353)
3 or more	25 (24.5)	77 (75.5)	0.780
Up to 2	42 (23.7)	193 (76.9)

Variables	Risky use of at least one substance
	Yes	No	p^ * Pearson’s chi-square test; CLT - Brazilian Labor Laws.*
	n (%)	n (%)
Employment (n = 353)
Not CLT	30 (28.8)	74 (71.2)	0.127
CLT	53 (21.3)	196 (78.7)
Working time (n = 349)
Up to 15 years	50 (28.6)	125 (71.4)	0.025
16 years or older	32 (18.4)	142 (81.6)
Working hours per day
13 or more	55 (33.1)	111 (66.9)	< 0.001
Up to 12 hours	28 (14.9)	160 (85.1)
Hours of rest per day (n = 349)
Up to 6	55 (28.8)	136 (71.2)	0.016
7 or more	28 (17.7)	130 (82.3)
Hours of uninterrupted driving
5 or more	49 (27.7)	128 (72.3)	0.060
Up to 4	34 (19.2)	143 (80.8)
Job satisfaction
Indifferent	14 (23.0)	47 (77.0)	0.148
Very dissatisfied	10 (16.4)	51 (83.6)
Very satisfied	59 (25.4)	173 (74.6)

Variables	Model
	Bivariate		Multivariate 1		Multivariate 2
	PR	IC95%	PR	IC95%	PR	IC95%
Age
Up to 42 years old	1.25^* * p < 0.20; † p ≤ 0.05.	1.01-1.53	0.94	0.61-1.46
43 years or older	1.0		1.0
Per capita household income
≤ 1 minimum wage	2.17^* * p < 0.20; † p ≤ 0.05.	1.14-4.13	2.02†	1.08-3.78	2.03	1.08-3.83
> 1 minimum wage	1.0		1.0		1.0
Complaints of insomnia
Yes	2.27^* * p < 0.20; † p ≤ 0.05.	1.50-3.42	1.93†	1.28-2.91	2.18	1.46-3.26
No	1.0		1.0		1.0
Self-assessment of Health
Bad	1.64^* * p < 0.20; † p ≤ 0.05.	1.13-2.39	1.22	0.83-1.79
Good	1.0		1.0
Common mental disorders
Presence	2.02^* * p < 0.20; † p ≤ 0.05.	1.39-2.93	1.23	0.81-1.86
Absence	1.0		1.0
Absenteeism due to illness
From 1 day	1.49^* * p < 0.20; † p ≤ 0.05.	1.02-2.17	1.32	0.92-1.90
No day	1.0		1.0
Working time
Up to 15 years	1.55^* * p < 0.20; † p ≤ 0.05.	1.05-2.30	0.71	0.46-1.10
16 years or older	1.0		1.0
Hours of uninterrupted driving
5 or more	1.44^* * p < 0.20; † p ≤ 0.05.	0.98-2.12	1.07	0.73-1.58
Up to 4	1.0		1.0
Hours of rest per day
Up to 6	1.62^* * p < 0.20; † p ≤ 0.05.	1.09-2.43	0.93	0.62-1.41
7 or more	1.0		1.0
Working hours per day
13 or more	2.22^* * p < 0.20; † p ≤ 0.05.	1.49-3.33	1.74†	1.10-2.74	1.95	1.30-2.92
Up to 12	1.0		1.0		1.0

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[1] Corresponding author: Ângela Maria Mendes Abreu, E-mail: angelamendesabreu@gmail.com