Community-acquired methicillin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus
                  aureus</i>: a global problem

Evangelista, Síntia de Souza; Oliveira, Adriana Cristina de

doi:10.1590/0034-7167.2015680119p

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• Rev Bras Enferm 68 (1) • Jan-Feb 2015 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167.2015680119i linkcopy

Community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: a global problem

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstracts

Objective: to describe the epidemiology of CA-MRSA cases in Brazil order to understand its occurrence, risk factors and forms of management in the country compared with the worldwide situation.

Method: literature review and for articles selection considering the databases: Scopus, Science Direct, Isi Web of Knowledge, PubMed and BVS.

Results: ten national articles describing 21 cases of CA-MRSA were identified, mostly in children, adolescents and adults with skin and soft tissue infection progressing to severe infections related to Oceania Southwest Pacific Clone (OSPC) leading to hospitalization.

Conclusión: although CA-MRSA is considered a global important microorganism we found a lack of published data about its epidemiology in Brazil, which hinder the design of the reality of the country against CA-MRSA.

Community Acquired Infections; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Infection Control; Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus

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Associação Brasileira de Enfermagem SGA Norte Quadra 603 Conj. "B" - Av. L2 Norte 70830-102 Brasília, DF, Brasil, Tel.: (55 61) 3226-0653, Fax: (55 61) 3225-4473 - Brasília - DF - Brazil
E-mail: reben@abennacional.org.br

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[1] ID: identification of studies according to number of citation in the references.

ID	Study location	Journal	Year	Objective	Study design
(9)	Rio de Janeiro Porto Alegre	Diagn Microbial Infec Dis	2007	To describe the detection of OSPC isolates in Rio de Janeiro and the emergence of other international clone of CA-MRSA in Brazil.	multicentric study
(10)	Rio de Janeiro	Braz J Infect Dis	2008	To describe the first case of endocarditis caused by CA-MRSA in Brazil.	Case study
(1)	Porto Alegre	Rev Soc Bras Med Trop	2009	To report a case of sepsis in children, complicated by secondary pneumonia to soft tissue injuries by CA-MRSA in southern Brazil.	Case study
(11)	Rio de Janeiro	Braz J Med Biol Res	2009	To describe the first well characterized case of a severe CA-MRSA infection in a child in Rio de Janeiro.	Case report
(12)	São Paulo	Rev Soc Bras Med Trop	2009	To describe a case of necrotizing pneumonia by CA-MRSA, which did not identify the PVL toxin.	Case study
(13)	Porto Alegre	Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis	2009	To review the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of patients with SCCmec IV isolates treated at a hospital in Porto Alegre and evaluate the molecular epidemiology of these isolates.	Clinical case
(14)	Recife	An Bras Dermatol	2012	To evaluate the antimicrobial resistance profile of Staphylococcus aureus obtained from ambulatory patients with infection of skin and soft tissues.	Series of case studies
(15)	Salvador	Braz J Infect Dis	2013	To describe the spectrum of diseases acquired in the community presented by patients infected with Staphylococcus aureus and compare patients infected with MSSA and MRSA.	Retrospective Cohort
(16)	São Paulo	Diagn Microbial Infec Dis	2013	To report a case of MRSA sepsis in a male patient of 16 years, from a small town in countryside of Brazil.	Case study
(17)	Rio Grande do Sul	Rev AMRGS	2013	To describe a clinical case with literature review, in view of the importance of suspicion diagnoses and consequent early use of glycopeptide.	Case study

Case N°	Age group	Primary infection	Secondary infection	ATB	Length of stay	Condition to discharge	Clone Features	ID
1	7a	Skin abscess	Sepsis/pneumonia/ osteomyelitis/Liver and lung abscesses	CLI GEN	50d	Cure	OSPC SCC mecIV Positive PVL	(1)
2	10a	Furunculosis	Septic Shock/pneumonia with pleural empyema/ Endocarditis /Osteomyelitis	VAN CLI TEI	66d	Cure	OSPC SCC mecIV Positive PVL	(11)
3	17a	Infection of the upper airways	Bronchopneumonia /	TEI MER	72d	Cure	OSPC SCC mec IV Hemolysin Enterotoxin O	(12)
4	27a	Skin abscess	septic shock	CEF VAN	90d	Cure	SCC mec IV Positive PVL	(10)
5	3-56a	Skin abscess	ND*	ND*	ND*	ND*	OSPC SCC mecIV Positive PVL Enterotoxin E	(9)
6		Skin abscess						(9)
7		Skin abscess						(9)
8		Epididymis-orchitis						(9)
9		Septic arthritis						(9)
10	21a	Axillary abscess	ND*	CEF	ND*	Cure	OSPC SCC mecIV Positive PVL	(13)
11	46a	Pustules		SXT	35d			(13)
12	50a	Abscess		CFT CLI	ND*			(13)
13	47a	Furuncle	ND*	ND*	0d	ND*	ND*	(14)
14	14d	Pneumonia	ND*	CFL AMI OXC	19d	Cure	ND*	(15)
15	16d	Pneumonia	ND*	PEN AMI	12d	Cure	ND*	(15)
16	3a	Dactylitis	ND*	Não	7d	Cure		(15)
17	05 m	Pyoderma	ND*	OXC	15d	Cure		(15)
18	2-20a	ND*	ND*	VAN	ND*	ND*		(15)
19	2- 20a	ND*	ND*	VAN	ND*	Death		(15)
20	16a	Abscess	Orchitis/Pneumonia/Severe sepsis.	CFP VAN IMI SUT	42d	Cure	ST5-5 spat311 SCC mecIV Positive PVL Enterotoxin A	(16)
21	38a	Severe pneumonia	ND*	VAN PTZ	Between14d and 21d	Cure	Positive PVL	(17)