Relación entre funcionalidad de la familia y calidad de vida del anciano

Estudio seccional y correccional conducido con 692 ancianos brasileños entre julio y octubre de 2020. Ancianos rellenaron tres instrumentos: biosociodemográfico, APGAR de familia y WHOQOL-Old. Datos fueron analizados con los testes de Kruskal-Wallis, correlación de Pearson y regresión lineal. Considerado un intervalo de confianza de 95% (p < 0,05) para todos los análisis.

Resultados:

Los ancianos con disfunción familiar leve y severa presentaron peor calidad de vida cuando comparados a ancianos de familia funcional. Todas las facetas de la calidad de vida se correlacionaron positivamente a la funcionalidad familiar.

Conclusión:

La funcionalidad familiar está correlacionada positivamente a la calidad de vida de los ancianos, luego necesitando, de la inclusión de la familia en los planes de cuidados en salud como manera de identificar precozmente potenciales estresores familiares y planear intervenciones para solución de las problemáticas planteadas.

Descriptores:
Salud Pública; Salud del Anciano; Relaciones Familiares; Calidad de Vida; Familia

	Familiar functionality			Quality of life
	F	MD	DS	SS	AUT	PPFA	SP	DD	INT	QVG
	Mean positions
Gender
Male	347.31	346.16	346.03	319.54^‡ ‡ ,	352.01	344.11	342.12	360.34	350.71	345.29
Female	345.58	347.74	346.17	385.54^‡ ‡ ,	340.25	351.49	354.08	326.65	341.76	348.97
p value	0.946	0.639	0.126	*< 0.001^ * Statistical significance by the Kruskal-Wallis test (p < 0.05);**	0.168	0.271	0.339	0.090	0.469	0.753
Marital status
Married	354.82	346.37	338.30^‡ ‡ ,	327.62^‡ ‡ , .^† † Differences between groups by Bonferroni's post hoc; F - functional; MD - mild dysfunction; SD - severe dysfunction; SS - sensory skills; AUT - autonomy; PPFA - past, present, and future activities; SP - social participation; DD - death and dying; INT - intimacy; GQV - general Quality of life.	337.02	345.56	339.52	345.49	327.90^‡ ‡ , .^† † Differences between groups by Bonferroni's post hoc; F - functional; MD - mild dysfunction; SD - severe dysfunction; SS - sensory skills; AUT - autonomy; PPFA - past, present, and future activities; SP - social participation; DD - death and dying; INT - intimacy; GQV - general Quality of life.	333.30
Steady union	342.35	331.02	366.13^‡ ‡ ,	381.11^‡ ‡ ,	356.74	350.15	360.07	356.43	379.77^‡ ‡ ,	371.57
Steady partner	322.07	361.70	355.73	377.91^† † Differences between groups by Bonferroni's post hoc; F - functional; MD - mild dysfunction; SD - severe dysfunction; SS - sensory skills; AUT - autonomy; PPFA - past, present, and future activities; SP - social participation; DD - death and dying; INT - intimacy; GQV - general Quality of life.	369.07	346.23	357.37	340.47	378.21^† † Differences between groups by Bonferroni's post hoc; F - functional; MD - mild dysfunction; SD - severe dysfunction; SS - sensory skills; AUT - autonomy; PPFA - past, present, and future activities; SP - social participation; DD - death and dying; INT - intimacy; GQV - general Quality of life.	367.62
p value	0.148	0.311	*0.011^ * Statistical significance by the Kruskal-Wallis test (p < 0.05);**	*0.004^ * Statistical significance by the Kruskal-Wallis test (p < 0.05);**	0.223	0.974	0.470	0.804	*0.004^ * Statistical significance by the Kruskal-Wallis test (p < 0.05);**	0.071
Living time
≤ 5 years	329.56	358.34	351.60	368.49	368.57	359.30	363.77	349.77	387.61^‡ ‡ ,	376.88
6-10 years	376.97	341.45	321.08	423.02^‡ ‡ , .^† † Differences between groups by Bonferroni's post hoc; F - functional; MD - mild dysfunction; SD - severe dysfunction; SS - sensory skills; AUT - autonomy; PPFA - past, present, and future activities; SP - social participation; DD - death and dying; INT - intimacy; GQV - general Quality of life.	383.56	353.08	373.79	375.38	408.54^† † Differences between groups by Bonferroni's post hoc; F - functional; MD - mild dysfunction; SD - severe dysfunction; SS - sensory skills; AUT - autonomy; PPFA - past, present, and future activities; SP - social participation; DD - death and dying; INT - intimacy; GQV - general Quality of life.	399.31
11-15 years	305.56	365.21	368.73	366.81	358.79	348.42	369.44	326.47	383.44	354.41
16-20 years	317.86	351.09	370.55	304.82^‡ ‡ ,	347.90	333.64	317.64	347.58	335.90	336.49
> 20 years	353.25	341.92	344.33	332.08^† † Differences between groups by Bonferroni's post hoc; F - functional; MD - mild dysfunction; SD - severe dysfunction; SS - sensory skills; AUT - autonomy; PPFA - past, present, and future activities; SP - social participation; DD - death and dying; INT - intimacy; GQV - general Quality of life.	334.05	343.29	338.86	343.18	324.40^‡ ‡ , .^† † Differences between groups by Bonferroni's post hoc; F - functional; MD - mild dysfunction; SD - severe dysfunction; SS - sensory skills; AUT - autonomy; PPFA - past, present, and future activities; SP - social participation; DD - death and dying; INT - intimacy; GQV - general Quality of life.	331.14
p value	0.117	0.804	0.057	*0.004^ * Statistical significance by the Kruskal-Wallis test (p < 0.05);**	0.245	0.932	0.387	0.763	*0.001^ * Statistical significance by the Kruskal-Wallis test (p < 0.05);**	*0.046^ * Statistical significance by the Kruskal-Wallis test (p < 0.05);**
Live with children
Yes	327.21	365.99	346.30	335.97	350.48	343.04	348.13	318.61	334.55	333.37
No	359.48^‡ ‡ ,	334.75	345.26	346.41	344.51	347.25	344.40	356.45	349.01	349.66
Does not have	281.17^‡ ‡ ,	394.78	363.56	403.50	351.08	355.10	364.92	366.00	377.43	375.32
p value	*0.005^ * Statistical significance by the Kruskal-Wallis test (p < 0.05);**	*0.013^ * Statistical significance by the Kruskal-Wallis test (p < 0.05);**	0.564	0.173	0.931	0.936	0.829	0.072	0.431	0.430

Quality of life	Familiar functionality			H	p value
	Functional	Mild dysfunction	Severe dysfunction
	Median (IQ)	Median (IQ)	Median (IQ)
SS	81.25 (68.75-93.75)	75.00 (62.50-93.75)	78.12 (67.18-93.75)	9.693	0.008^* * Statistical significance by Kruskal-Wallis H test (p < 0.05); IQ - interquartile range; SS - sensory skills; AUT - autonomy; PPFA - past, present and future activities; SP - social participation; MM - death and dying; INT - intimacy; GQV - general Quality of life.
AUT	75.00 (56.25-81.25)	62.50 (50.00-75.00)	50.00 (37.50-68.75)	55.170	< 0.001^* * Statistical significance by Kruskal-Wallis H test (p < 0.05); IQ - interquartile range; SS - sensory skills; AUT - autonomy; PPFA - past, present and future activities; SP - social participation; MM - death and dying; INT - intimacy; GQV - general Quality of life.
PPFA	75.00 (62.50-81.25)	62.50 (50.00-75.00)	50.00 (37.50-68.75)	94.586	< 0.001^* * Statistical significance by Kruskal-Wallis H test (p < 0.05); IQ - interquartile range; SS - sensory skills; AUT - autonomy; PPFA - past, present and future activities; SP - social participation; MM - death and dying; INT - intimacy; GQV - general Quality of life.
SP	75.00 (62.50-81.25)	62.50 (50.00-75.00)	50.00 (35.93-68.75)	63.235	< 0.001^* * Statistical significance by Kruskal-Wallis H test (p < 0.05); IQ - interquartile range; SS - sensory skills; AUT - autonomy; PPFA - past, present and future activities; SP - social participation; MM - death and dying; INT - intimacy; GQV - general Quality of life.
DD	75.00 (50.00-87.50)	68.75 (43.75-87.50)	68.75 (43.75-93.75)	7.378	0.025^* * Statistical significance by Kruskal-Wallis H test (p < 0.05); IQ - interquartile range; SS - sensory skills; AUT - autonomy; PPFA - past, present and future activities; SP - social participation; MM - death and dying; INT - intimacy; GQV - general Quality of life.
INT	75.00 (68.75-87.50)	68.75 (56.25-75.00)	53.12 (31.25-70.31)	91.335	< 0.001^* * Statistical significance by Kruskal-Wallis H test (p < 0.05); IQ - interquartile range; SS - sensory skills; AUT - autonomy; PPFA - past, present and future activities; SP - social participation; MM - death and dying; INT - intimacy; GQV - general Quality of life.
GQV	72.91 (64.58-81.25)	64.58 (56.25-72.91)	57.81 (46.87-68.75)	85.876	< 0.001^* * Statistical significance by Kruskal-Wallis H test (p < 0.05); IQ - interquartile range; SS - sensory skills; AUT - autonomy; PPFA - past, present and future activities; SP - social participation; MM - death and dying; INT - intimacy; GQV - general Quality of life.

Facets of quality of life	Familiar functionality
Facets of quality of life	r	p value
Sensory skills	0.109	0.004
Autonomy	0.330	< 0.001
Past, present and future activities	0.409	< 0.001
Social participation	0.335	< 0.001
Death and dying	0.118	0.002
Intimacy	0.433	< 0.001
Overall quality of life	0.416	< 0.001

	SS	AUT	PPFA	SP	DD	INT	QVG
β	0.766	2.294	2.787	2.468	1.099	3.024	2.073
IC95%	0.245-1.288	1.803-2.785	2.322-3.252	1.948-2.987	0.408-1.790	2.554-3.494	1.735-2.411
p value	0.004	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	0.002	< 0.001	< 0.001
Durbin-Watson	2.075	1.871	1.871	1.905	2.001	1.983	2.028

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[1] Corresponding author: Edison Vitório de Souza Júnior. E-mail: edison.vitorio@usp.br