Asociación entre apoyo social percibido y mejor desempeño cognitivo entre cuidadores y no cuidadores

Pavarini, Sofia Cristina Iost; Ottaviani, Ana Carolina; Bregola, Allan Gustavo; Fraga, Francisco J.; Chagas, Marcos Hortes Nisihara; Oliveira, Nathalia Alves de; Brito, Tábatta Renata Pereira de

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Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem

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ORIGINAL ARTICLE • Rev. Bras. Enferm. 74 (suppl 2) • 2021 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2020-0329 copiar

Asociación entre apoyo social percibido y mejor desempeño cognitivo entre cuidadores y no cuidadores

Autoría SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

RESUMEN

Objetivo:

identificar la asociación entre las características de la red de apoyo y el desempeño cognitivo de los cuidadores mayores y comparar características entre cuidadores y no cuidadores.

Métodos:

se evaluaron 85 cuidadores mayores y 84 no cuidadores mayores registrados en unidades de atención primaria en cuanto a características sociodemográficas, cognitivas y de apoyo social. Se realizó un análisis de regresión lineal múltiple.

Resultados:

entre los no cuidadores, se encontraron asociaciones significativas entre un mejor desempeño cognitivo y recibir apoyo emocional/afectivo; cada aumento de un punto en la puntuación de apoyo emocional y la puntuación de apoyo afectivo se relacionó con un aumento de 0,43 puntos y 0,39 puntos en la evaluación cognitiva, respectivamente. Entre los cuidadores mayores, cada aumento de un punto en la puntuación de apoyo emocional se relacionó con un aumento de 0,55 puntos en la evaluación cognitiva.

Conclusión:

el fortalecimiento de las redes de apoyo para los cuidadores mayores y el fomento de intercambios satisfactorios de apoyo social puede ayudar a mejorar el rendimiento cognitivo, lo que puede tener un impacto positivo en la salud de los cuidadores.

Descriptores:
Anciano; Cuidadores; Apoyo Social; Enfermería Geriátrica

	Caregiver		p
	Yes	No
	Mean (SD)	Mean (SD)
Sex
Male	37.8%	62.2%	0.086³ 3 Pearson's chi-squared test;
Female	53.8%	46.2%
Age (years)	69.6 (5.9)	70.8 (7.5)	0.476⁴ 4 Mann-Whitney test;
Marital status
With partner	83.3%	16.7%	0.001³ 3 Pearson's chi-squared test; ^* * statistically significant difference.
Without partner	12.8%	87.2%
Schooling (years)	3.9 (3.5)	3.5 (2.9)	0.782⁴ 4 Mann-Whitney test;
Monthly family income (R$)	2259.8 (1299.4)	1674.9 (858.8)	0.001⁴ 4 Mann-Whitney test; ^* * statistically significant difference.
Nº of residents in home	3.1 (1.6)	2.4 (1.5)	0.000⁴ 4 Mann-Whitney test; ^* * statistically significant difference.
Nº of diseases	4.5 (2.6)	4.5 (2.5)	0.879⁴ 4 Mann-Whitney test;
Nº of depressive symptoms¹ 1 Number of self-reported symptoms using Geriatric Depression Scale;	3.7 (2.7)	3.6 (2.7)	0.646⁴ 4 Mann-Whitney test;
Tangible support² 2 Score obtained using Social Support Scale of Medical Outcomes Study;	87.4 (18.7)	87.9 (25.0)	0.124⁴ 4 Mann-Whitney test;
Affectionate support² 2 Score obtained using Social Support Scale of Medical Outcomes Study;	89.5 (19.5)	88.4 (25.6)	0.547⁴ 4 Mann-Whitney test;
Emotional support² 2 Score obtained using Social Support Scale of Medical Outcomes Study;	86.4 (21.5)	86.7 (24.9)	0.514⁴ 4 Mann-Whitney test;
Positive social interaction² 2 Score obtained using Social Support Scale of Medical Outcomes Study;	84.5 (23.4)	86.1 (25.8)	0.373⁴ 4 Mann-Whitney test;
Informational support² 2 Score obtained using Social Support Scale of Medical Outcomes Study;	85.4 (20.8)	87.4 (24.5)	0.076⁴ 4 Mann-Whitney test;
Nº of members in network	4.9 (3.4)	5.0 (3.4)	0.944⁴ 4 Mann-Whitney test;

	Caregiver
	Yes		No
	Mean (SD) or r	p	Mean (SD) or r	p
Sex
Male - Mean (SD)	64.6 (4.8)	0.558³ 3 t-test;	65.9 (3.1)	0.227³ 3 t-test;
Female - Mean (SD)	61.8 (1.9)		60.6 (2.4)
Age (years)	-0.117⁴ 4 Pearson's correlation coefficient;	0.283	-0.377⁴ 4 Pearson's correlation coefficient;	0.001^* * statistically significant difference.
Marital status
With partner - Mean (SD)	61.5 (1.9)	0.270³ 3 t-test;	70.4 (4.9)	0.041³ 3 t-test; ^* * statistically significant difference.
Without partner - Mean (SD)	67.7 (4.0)		60.0 (2.1)
Schooling (years)	0.493⁴ 4 Pearson's correlation coefficient;	0.001^* * statistically significant difference.	0.669⁴ 4 Pearson's correlation coefficient;	0.001^* * statistically significant difference.
Monthly family income (R$)	0.401⁴ 4 Pearson's correlation coefficient;	0.001^* * statistically significant difference.	0.293⁴ 4 Pearson's correlation coefficient;	0.017^* * statistically significant difference.
Nº of residents in home	-0.191⁴ 4 Pearson's correlation coefficient;	0.078	-0.046⁴ 4 Pearson's correlation coefficient;	0.675
Nº of diseases	0.001⁴ 4 Pearson's correlation coefficient;	0.989	-0.146⁴ 4 Pearson's correlation coefficient;	0.186
Nº of depressive symptoms¹ 1 Number of self-reported symptoms using Geriatric Depression Scale;	-0.130⁴ 4 Pearson's correlation coefficient;	0.861	-0.030⁴ 4 Pearson's correlation coefficient;	0.781
Tangible support² 2 Score obtained using Social Support Scale of Medical Outcomes Study;	-0.032⁴ 4 Pearson's correlation coefficient;	0.766	-0.305⁴ 4 Pearson's correlation coefficient;	0.004^* * statistically significant difference.
Affectionate support² 2 Score obtained using Social Support Scale of Medical Outcomes Study;	-0.019⁴ 4 Pearson's correlation coefficient;	0.861	-0.202⁴ 4 Pearson's correlation coefficient;	0.064
Emotional support² 2 Score obtained using Social Support Scale of Medical Outcomes Study;	0.012⁴ 4 Pearson's correlation coefficient;	0.910	0.291⁴ 4 Pearson's correlation coefficient;	0.007^* * statistically significant difference.
Positive social interaction² 2 Score obtained using Social Support Scale of Medical Outcomes Study;	-0.050⁴ 4 Pearson's correlation coefficient;	0.646	-0.224⁴ 4 Pearson's correlation coefficient;	0.040^* * statistically significant difference.
Informational support² 2 Score obtained using Social Support Scale of Medical Outcomes Study;	-0.043⁴ 4 Pearson's correlation coefficient;	0.695	-0.316⁴ 4 Pearson's correlation coefficient;	0.003^* * statistically significant difference.
Nº of members in network	-0.009⁴ 4 Pearson's correlation coefficient;	0.928	-0.249⁴ 4 Pearson's correlation coefficient;	0.025^* * statistically significant difference.

	Carer
	Yes				No
	β	p	p (model)	r²a	β	p	p (model)	r²a
Tangible support	-0.34	0.094	0.001	0.32	0.11	0.416	0.000	0.59
Affectionate support	-0.05	0.762			0.39	0.011
Emotional support	0.55	0.044			0.43	0.033
Positive social interaction	-0.09	0.459			0.10	0.507
Informational support	-0.20	0.346			-0.33	0.061
Nº of members in network	0.29	0.605			-0.35	0.445
Sex	-0.01	0.997			5.12	0.184
Age	-0.30	0.309			-0.55	0.012
Schooling	2.49	0.000			3.64	0.000
Nº of diseases	0.37	0.586			-0.25	0.725
Nº of depressive symptoms	-0.87	0.227			-0.28	0.612

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[1] Corresponding author: Sofia Cristina Iost Pavarini. E-mail: sofiapavarini@gmail.com