E1. Chang KK, 1986(1212 Chang KK, Chow LP, Rider RV. Oral contraceptives and stroke: a preliminary report on an epidemiologic study in Taiwan, China. J Gynaecol. Obstet. 1986; 24:421-30.) . |
China |
Caso-controle. Caso: 323 mulheres hospitalizadas com AVC Controle do hospital: 250 mulheres sem AVC, hospitalizadas no mesmo hospital dos casos Controle da vizinhança: 646 mulheres sem AVC |
E2. Hannaford, Croft, Kay, 1994(1313 Hannaford PC, Croft PR, Kay CR. Oral Contraception and Stroke Evidence From the Royal College of General Practitioners' Oral Contraception Study. Stroke. 1994; 5:935-42.). |
Reino Unido |
Caso-controle Caso: 253 mulheres com AVC Controle: 759 mulheres sem AVC |
E3. Who, 1996(1414 World Health Organization (WHO). Collaborative Study of Cardiovascular Disease and Steroid Hormone Contraception. Ischaemic stroke and combined oral contraceptives: results of an international, multicentre, case-control study. Lancet. 1996; 348(9026): 498-505.) . |
África, Ásia, Europa e América Latina |
Caso-controle Caso: 697 com AVC Controle: 1.962 sem AVC |
E4. Who, 1996(1515 World Health Organization (WHO). Collaborative Study of Cardiovascular Disease and Steroid Hormone Contraception. Haemorrhagic stroke, overall stroke risk, and combined oral contraceptives: results of an international, multicentre, case-control study. Lancet 1996; 348: 505-10.) . |
África, Ásia, Europa e América Latina |
Caso-controle Caso: 1068 com AVC Controle: 2910 sem AVC |
E5. Petitti et al., 1996(1616 Petiti DB, Sidney S, Bernstein A, Wolf SH, Quesenberry C, Ziel HK. Stroke in users of low-dose oral contraceptives. N Engl J Med. 1996; 335:8-15.) . |
Califórnia |
Caso-controle Caso: 295 mulheres com AVC Controle: 3 vezes o número de casos |
E6. Heinemann, et al., 1997(1717 Heinemann LAJ, Lewis MA, Thorogood M, Spitzer WO, GuggenmoosHolzmann I, Bruppacher R. Casecontrol study of oral contraceptives and risk of thromboembolic stroke: results from international study on oral contraceptives and health of young women. BMJ. 1997;3:1502-04.) . |
Reino Unido, Alemanha, França, Suíça e Áustria |
Caso-controle Caso: 220 mulheres com AVC Controle: 775 mulheres sem AVC |
E7. Heinemann et al., 1998(1818 Heinemann LAJ, Lewis MA, Thorogood M, Spitzer WO, GuggenmoosHolzmann I, Bruppacher R. Thromboembolic Stroke in Young Women: a european case-control study on oral contraceptives. Contraception. 1998;57:29-37.) . |
Reino Unido, Alemanha, França, Suíça e Áustria |
Caso-controle Caso: 220 mulheres com AVC isquêmico Controle: 775 mulheres |
E8. Mant; Painter; Vessey, 1998(1919 Mant J, Painter R, Vessey M. Risk of myocardial infarction, angina and stroke in users of oral contraceptives: an updated analysis of a cohort study. Br J Obstet Gynaecol. 1998 Aug;105(8):890-6.) . |
Reino Unido |
Coorte 17.032 mulheres casadas em idade de 25 a 39 anos Grupo que nunca usou AOC: 5.881 mulheres Grupo que usou AOC durante oito anos ou mais: 3.520 mulheres Grupo restante: 5.891 mulheres |
E9. Lidegaard, O, 1998(2020 Lidegaard O. Thrombotic diseases in young women and the influence of oral contraceptives. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1998; 179(3): S62-7.) . |
Dinamarca |
Caso-controle Caso: 219 com AVC Controle: 1041 |
E10. WHO, 1998(2121 World Health Organization. WHO. Collaborative study of cardiovascular disease and steroid hormone contraception. Contraception. 1998; 57:315-24.) . |
África, Ásia, Europa e América Latina |
Caso-controle Caso: 3.697 com doença cerebrovascular e 2.196 com AVC Controle: 9.997 sem AVC |
E11. Schwartz et al., 1998(2222 Schwartz SM, Petitti DB, Siscovick DS, Longstreth Jr WT, Sidney S, Raghunathan TE, et al. Stroke and use of low-dose oral contraceptives in young women: a pooled analysis of two US studies. Stroke. 1998;29:2277-84.) . |
EUA |
Caso-controle Caso: 175 mulheres com AVC isquêmico, 198 mulheres com AVC hemorrágico Controle: 1.191 mulheres sem AVC |
E12. Kemmeren et al., 2002(2323 Kemmeren JM, Tanis BC, Van den Bosch MAAJ, Bollen ELEM, Helmerhorst FM, Graaf Y, et al. Risk of arterial thrombosis in relation to oral contraceptives (RATIO) Study Stroke. 2002;33(5):1202-08. Available from: http://stroke.ahajournals.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=11988591
http://stroke.ahajournals.org/cgi/pmidlo...
) . |
Holanda |
Caso-controle Caso: 203 mulheres com AVC Controle: 925 mulheres sem AVC |
E13. Siritho et al., 2003(2424 Siritho S, Thrift AG, McNeil JJ, You RX, Davis SM, Donnan GA. Risk of Ischemic Stroke Among Users of the Oral Contraceptive Pill: The Melbourne Risk actor Study (MERFS) Group. Stroke. 2003;34:1575-80.) . |
Melbourne, Austrália |
Caso controle Caso: 234 mulheres com AVC Controle: 234 mulheres sem AVC |
E14. Li et al., 2006(2525 Li Y, Zhou L, Coulter D, Gao E, Sun Z, Liu Y, Wang X. Prospective Cohort Study of the association between use of low-dose oral contraceptives and stroke in Chinesewomen. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf [Internet]. 2006 [cited 2016 Oct 02];15:726-34. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16761299
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1676...
) . |
China |
Coorte Caso: 44 408 usuárias anticoncepcional hormonal (AH) Controle: 75.230 usuárias de dispositivo intrauterino (DIU) |
E15. Cole et al., 2007(2626 Cole JÁ, Norman H, Doherty M, Walker AM. Venous Thromboembolism, Myocardial Infarction, and Stroke Among Transdermal Contraceptive System Users. Obstetrics & Gynecology. 2007 feb; 109(2):339-46.). |
EUA |
Coorte Usuárias de Transdérmico: 98.790 mulheres Usuárias de AOC: 256.981 mulheres |
E16. Yang et al., 2009(2727 Yang L, Kuper H, Sandin S, Margolis KL, Chen Z, Adami HO. Weiderpass E. Reproductive History, Oral Contraceptive Use, and the Risk of Ischemic and Hemorrhagic Stroke in a Cohort Study of Middle-Aged Swedish Women. Stroke. 2009;40:1050-58.) . |
Suécia |
Coorte 45.729 mulheres de 30 a 49 anos |
E17. Lidegaard et al., 2012(77 Lidegaard O, Lokkegaard E, Jensen A, Skovlund CW, Keiding N. Thrombotic stroke and myocardial infarction with hormonal contraception. N Engl J Med [Internet]. 2012 [cited 2015 Aug 02];366(24):2257-66. Available from: http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMc1208930#t=article
http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJ...
). |
Dinamarca |
Coorte 1.626.158 mulheres acompanhadas: 3.311 tiveram AVC, sendo 1.051 usuárias de MAC e 2.260 não usuárias entre 15-49 anos |
E18. Ryan et al., 2014(2828 Ryan KA, Cole JW, Saslow K, MitchellB D, McArdle PF, Sparks MJ, Cheng Y, Kittner SJ. Prevention Opportunities for Oral contraceptive-Associated Ischemic Stroke. Stroke. 2014;45:893-95.). |
Baltimore, Maryland, EUA |
Caso-controle 572 mulheres de 15 a 49 anos Caso: 224 com AVC Controle: 348 sem AVC |