Industrial policies to promote electric vehicles in selected countries

ABSTRACT:

From the 1970s onwards, in response to the oil shock and the climate conferences that began in Stockholm (1972), several countries have changed their stance towards the use of oil and fossil derivatives. In the transport sector, a major consumer of oil and emitter of greenhouse gases, the planned change occurs on two fronts: by introducing biofuels or by (re)introducing electrified vehicles. The option for electric vehicles gained maturity and space in the markets at the beginning of the 21^st century, having accelerated after 2015, the year in which UN member countries signed commitments to more sustainable economic activities. In this sense, this article aimed to analyze the industrial and innovation policies adopted in the automotive sector towards green mobility in selected countries (Brazil, Chile, China, Korea, and the United States). As a result, we elaborated a systematization of the main instruments of industrial and innovation policies used by each of the countries, aiming to understand which, among the selected countries, are more active for the promotion of sustainable mobility.

KEYWORDS:
Electric vehicles; Public policies; Green industrial policy; Sustainability