Implications of the COVID-19 pandemic in monitoring health and cardiovascular diseases: survey study

Machado, Juliana Pereira; Costa, Bárbara Caroliny Pereira; Sudré, Mayara Rocha Siqueira; Santos, Isabela Gomes Musa dos; Veiga, Eugenia Velludo

doi:10.1590/1980-220X-REEUSP-2022-0112en

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ORIGINAL ARTICLE • Rev. esc. enferm. USP 57 • 2023 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-220X-REEUSP-2022-0112en copy

Implications of the COVID-19 pandemic in monitoring health and cardiovascular diseases: survey study

Implicaciones de la pandemia de COVID-19 en el seguimiento de la salud y las enfermedades cardiovasculares: encuesta tipo encuesta

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Objective:

To analyze the implications of COVID-19 in the monitoring of health and cardiovascular diseases in health services.

Method:

This is a descriptive, cross-sectional, survey-type study with 798 adults, selected by snowball on social networks, between June and July 2020. Data were collected in an electronic form validated for this study.

Results:

There was a negative impact on monitoring health and cardiovascular diseases with missed appointments and elective exams. Symptoms such as chest pain and hypertensive crisis were neglected due to fear of contagion, lack of knowledge or structural lack of services, in addition to impaired monitoring of chronic conditions.

Conclusion:

The severity of results is noted considering the COVID-19 progression and the risk of complications. It is necessary to organize flows and structures compatible with each care profile, in health services, to guarantee care and promote diagnosis and control of chronic conditions in the set of actions to contain pandemics. It is crucial to prioritize primary care in health follow-ups during pandemic periods, as this has a direct impact on the progression of critical conditions at other levels of care.

DESCRIPTORS
COVID-19; Cardiovascular Diseases; Comprehensive Health Care; Pandemics

Sociodemographiccharacteristics
Age in full years	n	%
18–20	33	4.1
21–23	68	8.5
24–26	53	6.6
27–29	70	8.8
30–32	57	7.1
33–35	58	7.3
36–38	47	5.9
39–41	56	7.0
42–44	47	5.9
45–47	46	5.8
48–50	55	6.9
51–53	28	3.5
54–56	53	6.6
57–59	40	5.0
60–62	28	3.5
63–65	20	2.5
66–68	13	1.6
69–71	11	1.4
72–74	7	0.9
75–77	2	0.3
78–80	4	0.5
81–85	2	0.3
Complete education
Elementary school	17	1.8
High/vocational school	135	16.9
Higher education	312	39.1
Graduate degree	334	41.9
Marital status
Married/stable/cohabiting partner	467	58.5
Single	255	31.9
Divorced or separated/widowed	76	9.6
General total	798	100.0

Cardiovascular disease treatment	n	%
Hypertension	182	56.2
Dyslipidemia	55	17.0
Diabetes	45	13.9
Heart disease^* *Heart disease (heart failure, arrhythmia, or other heart problem). Source: the authors.	12	3.7
Kidney disease	5	1.5
Heart disease^* *Heart disease (heart failure, arrhythmia, or other heart problem). Source: the authors. + hypertension	7	2.2
Heart disease^* *Heart disease (heart failure, arrhythmia, or other heart problem). Source: the authors. + hypertension + dyslipidemia	6	1.9
Heart disease^* *Heart disease (heart failure, arrhythmia, or other heart problem). Source: the authors. + hypertension + diabetes	7	2.2
Heart disease^* *Heart disease (heart failure, arrhythmia, or other heart problem). Source: the authors. + dyslipidemia	2	0.6
Heart disease^* *Heart disease (heart failure, arrhythmia, or other heart problem). Source: the authors. + diabetes	1	0.3
Heart disease^* *Heart disease (heart failure, arrhythmia, or other heart problem). Source: the authors. + diabetes + kidney disease	2	0.6
TOTAL	324	100.0

Other health treatments	n	%
Psychiatric (depression/anxiety/panic/binge eating/sleep disorder)	62	28.7
Endocrinological (hypothyroidism/obesity/post bariatric)	45	20.8
Dermatological	16	7.4
Rheumatologic (arthritis/arthrosis/osteoporosis)	15	6.9
Pulmonological (asthma/bronchitis/rhinitis)	13	6.0
Gynecological (menopause/polycystic ovary/endometriosis)	12	5.6
Gastroenterological (gastritis/reflux/Crohn’s)	11	5.1
Neurological (migraine/seizures/stroke)	8	3.7
Ophthalmological	7	3.2
Renal	5	2.3
Oncological	5	2.3
Obstetric	3	1.4
Urological	2	0.9
Hematologic (thrombosis/thrombocytopenia)		0.9
Orthopedic	2	0.9
Others^* * Physiotherapy service, kidney and liver transplantation, infectologist, nutritionist. Sources: the authors.	8	3.7
Total	216	(100.0)

Type of tests	Cancelled		Rescheduled		Patient did not attend
Type of tests	n %		n %		n %
Imaging tests	12	(15.2)	2	(2.5)	6	(7.6)
Cardiological tests	3	(3.8)	3	(3.8)	9	(11.4)
Blood tests	3	(3.8)	6	(7.6)	7	(8.9)
Gynecological tests	3	(3.8)	6	(7.6)
Endoscopy/colonoscopy	3	(3.8)	6	(7.6)
Vision test	4	(5.1)	0	(0.0)
Biopsy	2	(2.5)	1	(1.3)
Others	2	(2.5)	1	(1.3)
Total	32		25		22

Reported symptom	Did not seek care (561)	Sought care (237)	p-value
Reported symptom	n %	n %	p-value
Chest pain	33 (5.9)	24 (10.1)	0.0330^ Pearson’s chi-square test* and*
Chest pain that radiates to the neck	27 (4.8)	16 (6.8)	0.2680*
Back pain in the chest and lung region	22 (3.9)	21 (8.9)	0.0050^ Pearson’s chi-square test* and*
Palpitations (arrhythmias)	33 (5.9)	21 (8.9)	0.1260^* Pearson’s chi-square test* and
Tingling in the limbs	25 (4.5)	12 (5.1)	0.7090^* Pearson’s chi-square test* and
Dizziness	17 (3)	9 (3.8)	0.5770^* Pearson’s chi-square test* and
Leg weakness	4 (0.7)	5 (2.1)	0.1350^ Fisher’s exact test. Source: the authors.
Fainting feeling	1 (0.2)	0 (0)	1.0000^ Fisher’s exact test. Source: the authors.
High blood pressure crisis	3 (0.5)	9 (3.8)	0.0010^* Fisher’s exact test*. Source: the authors.

Universidade de São Paulo, Escola de Enfermagem Av. Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar, 419 , 05403-000 São Paulo - SP/ Brasil, Tel./Fax: (55 11) 3061-7553, - São Paulo - SP - Brazil
E-mail: reeusp@usp.br

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[1] Corresponding author: Juliana Pereira Machado Rua Ramos de Azevedo, 423, Jardim Paulista 14090-062 – Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil jpmachado311@gmail.com