The quality and characteristics of sleep of hypertensive patients

A cross-sectional study of quantitative and descriptive analyses with 280 hypertensive patients registered in the National Program of Hypertension and Diabetes of the Federal Government in the months from August to October 2011. Questionnaires were used which allowed for tracking sociodemographic data on hypertension and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI).

RESULTS

The prevalence of poor sleep quality among respondents (156 hypertensive patients) and high rates of using medication for sleeping (106 hypertensive patients) was observed. Other relevant data refers to the quality of sleep among hypertensive patients using sleep medication compared to those who do not use it (p≤0.01).

CONCLUSION

Individuals with high blood pressure have a negative association with sleep quality.

Hypertension; Sleep; Sleep Apnea Syndromes; Public Health; Health Evaluation

Variables			n(%) n=280

Average age			63.0(±11.0)
			IC (95%): 61.70 - 64.29
Median			64.0
Gender
Male			91(32.5)
Female			189(67.5)
Family Income
<1 minimum wage			14(5.0)
1 to 3 minimum wages			224(80.0)
4 to 6 minimum wages			33(11.8)
>6 minimum wages			7(2.5)
Education Level
Illiterate			20(7.1)
Literate (can read and write their name)			16(5.7)
Incomplete Primary Education			185(66.1)
Completed Primary Education			28(66.1)
Incomplete Secondary Education			5(1.8)
Complete Secondary Education			3(2.0)
Incomplete Superior Education			2(0.7)
Post-Graduate			1(0.4)
Marital Status
Living with a companion			203(72.5)
Living with an irregular companion			2(0.7)
Does not live with a companion			2(0.7)
Does not have a companion			43(15.4)
Living alone			30(10.7)
Occupation
Retired			128(45.7)
Pensioner			33(11.8)
Works at home/housewife			72(25.7)
Unemployed			2(0.7)
Other			45(16.1)
Religion
Catholic			224(80.0)
Evangelican			51(18.2)
None			2(0.7)
Others			3(1.1)
Ethnicity
White			246(87.9)
Mixed			6(2.1)
Black			28(10.0)

Variables	n(%) n=280

Diagnosis Time (Standard Deviation)	12.0(±9.4)
	IC (95%): 10.89 - 13.10
Treatment Time
<1 year	9(3.2)
1 to 2 years	18(6.4)
3 to 5 years	56(20.0)
6 years	22(7.9)
>6 years	175(62.5)
Treatment Type
Exclusively with medication	140(50.0)
Exclusively non-medication	2(0.7)
Medication + non-medication	138(49.3)
Amount of medication/Day
One Drug	28(10.0)
Two Drugs	64(22.9)
Three Drugs	55(19.6)
>4 Drugs	133(47.5)
Dosage/Day
One Dose	31(11.1)
Two Doses	124(44.3)
Three Doses	110(39.3)
>4 Doses	15(5.4)
Use of Everyday Medication
Yes	215(76.8)
No	65(23.2)
Practice of Exercise (3 or more times a week)
Regularly	46(16.5)
Irregularly	34(12.2)
None	200(71.3)
Smoking Habits
Yes	26(9.3)
No	190(67.8)
Sometimes	7(2.5)
Quit	57(20.4)
Alcohol Consumption
Yes. every day	3(1.1)
Yes. on weekends	33(11.8)
No	243(86.8)
Quit/Has stopped drinking	1(0.4)
Amount of salt in diet
Normal	112(40.1)
Little/Poor	139(49.8)
Salty	28(10.0)

Relationship between Medication and Sleep Quality		Quality of Sleep		Total
Relationship between Medication and Sleep Quality		Good	Bad	Total
Use of Medication	Does not use it	115	59	174
Use of Medication	Uses it	9	97	106
Total		124	156	280

Universidade de São Paulo, Escola de Enfermagem Av. Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar, 419 , 05403-000 São Paulo - SP/ Brasil, Tel./Fax: (55 11) 3061-7553, - São Paulo - SP - Brazil
E-mail: reeusp@usp.br

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[1] Corresponding author: Juliét Silveira Hanus. Av. Universitária, 1105 - Bairro Universitário CEP 88806-000 - Criciúma, SC, Brazil.julietshanus@hotmail.com