Self-rated health of Brazilian women of childbearing age: a cross-sectional study

Santos, Luiza Oliveira; Paula, Thayane Fraga de; Souza, Maria José Silva; Santos, Bruna Nicole Soares dos; Pena, Erica Dumont; Felisbino-Mendes, Mariana Santos

doi:10.1590/1980-220X-REEUSP-2023-0127en

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ORIGINAL ARTICLE • Rev. esc. enferm. USP 57 • 2023 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-220X-REEUSP-2023-0127en copy

Self-rated health of Brazilian women of childbearing age: a cross-sectional study

Autoevaluación de la salud de mujeres brasileñas en edad fértil: estudio transversal

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Objective:

To investigate sociodemographic factors, non-communicable diseases and conditions, and behavioral risk factors associated with negative self-rated health among Brazilian women of childbearing age.

Method:

Cross-sectional study with 26,071 Brazilian women of reproductive age. Estimated prevalence of self-rated health according to sociodemographic characteristics, non-communicable diseases and conditions, and behavioral risk factors. Poisson regression was used to estimate adjusted and unadjusted prevalence ratios.

Results:

Occurrence of two or more of the diseases and conditions presented a prevalence of negative self-rated health almost three times higher than none. There was a positive association between negative self-rated health and older age groups, lower education, black or brown skin color/race, living in the north and northeast regions, physical inactivity, being a smoker, and presence of one or more of the diseases and conditions.

Conclusion:

There are differences in self-rated health, reflecting social inequalities.

DESCRIPTORS
Self-Testing; Noncommunicable Diseases; Risk Factors; Women’s Health

Variables	%* (95%CI)
*SRH*
Very good/Good	71.5 (70.6–72.5)
Fair	24.6 (23.7–25.6)
Bad/Very bad	3.9 (3.5–4.3)
*BRF*
Physical inactivity	71.2 (70.2–72.2)
Insufficient consumption of FV	91.6 (91.0–92.2)
Alcohol consumption	38.7 (37.5–39.9)
Ex-smokers	21.1 (20.2–22.0)
Smokers	8.4 (7.9–9.0)
*BRF count*
None	2.1 (1.8–2.4)
One	15.3 (14.6–16.2)
Two or more	82.6 (81.7–83.4)
*NCD*
Systemic arterial hypertension	13.9 (13.1–14.8)
Asthma	6.4 (5.9–7.0)
Diabetes mellitus	3.4 (3.0–3.8)
*NCD count*
None	78.8 (77.8–79.7)
One	18.4 (17.6–19.2)
Two or more	2.8 (2.4–3.2)

SRH
Sociodemographic characteristics	Positive	Negative	p-value*	PR (CI95%)	p-value
Sociodemographic characteristics	% (95%CI)	% (95%CI)	p-value*	PR (CI95%)	p-value
*Age (years)*
18–29	77.6 (75.8–79.3)	22.4 (20.7–24.2)	<0.0001	Ref.	Ref.
30–39	72.8 (71.2–74.3)	27.2 (25.7–28.8)		1.21 (1.10–1.34)	<0.0001
40–49	63.4 (61.5–65.2)	36.6 (34.8–38.5)		1.63 (1.48–1.80)	<0.0001
*Education (years)*
0–9	57.3 (55.2–59.5)	42.7 (40.5–44.9)	<0.0001	2.82 (2.53–3.13)	<0.0001
10–12	72.0 (70.5–73.5)	28.0 (26.5–29.5)		1.85 (1.67–2.05)	<0.0001
≥13	84.9 (83.5–86.2)	15.1 (13.8–16.6)		Ref.	Ref.
*Skin color/race*
White	77.7 (76.1–79.1)	22.3 (20.9–23.9)	<0.0001	Ref.	Ref.
Black/Brown	67.3 (66.0–68.6)	32.7 (31.4–34.0)		1.46 (1.35–1.58)	<0.0001
Yellow/Indigenous	69.1 (60.0–77.0)	30.9 (23.0–40.0)		1.38 (1.04–1.83)	0.024
*Marital status*
With a partner	71.7 (70.2–73.2)	28.3 (26.8–29.8)	0.8099	Ref.	Ref.
Without a partner	71.4 (70.2–72.7)	28.6 (27.3–29.8)	0.8099	1.01 (0.94–1.08)	0.810
*Region of residence*
Southeast	75.3 (73.5–77.0)	24.7 (23.0–26.6)	<0.0001	Ref.	Ref.
South	79.8 (77.9–81.6)	20.2 (18.4–22.1)		0.82 (0.72–0.92)	0.001
Midwest	74.1 (71.9–76.2)	25.9 (23.8–28.1)		1.05 (0.94–1.17)	0.420
North East	62.5 (60.8–64.2)	37.5 (35.8–39.2)		1.52 (1.39–1.65)	<0.0001
North	66.2 (64.2–68.1)	33.8 (31.9–35.8)		1.37 (1.24–1.50)	<0.0001

SRH
BRF and NCD	Positive	Negative	p-value*	PR	p-value
BRF and NCD	% (95%CI)	% (95%CI)	p-value*	% (95%CI)	p-value
Physical activity
Active	79.0 (77.4–80.5)	21.0 (19.5–22.6)	<0.0001	Ref.	Ref.
Inactive	68.5 (67.3–69.7)	31.5 (30.3–32.7)	<0.0001	1.50 (1.38–1.62)	<0.0001
*FV Intake*
Enough	76.6 (73.4–79.5)	23.4 (20.5–26.6)	0,0016	Ref.	Ref.
Insufficient	71.1 (70.0–72.1)	28.9 (27.9–30.0)	0,0016	1.24 (1.08–1.42)	0.002
*Alcohol consumption*
No	69.2 (68.0–70.5)	30.8 (29.5–32.0)	<0.0001	Ref.	Ref.
Yes	75.2 (73.7–76.7)	24.8 (23.4–26.4)	<0.0001	0.81 (0.75–0.87)	<0.0001
*Tobacco use*
Non-smoker	73.5 (72.3–74.6)	26.5 (25.4–27.7)	<0.0001	Ref.	Ref.
Ex-smoker	68.2 (66.1–70.2)	31.8 (29.8–33.9)		1.20 (1.11–1.30)	<0.0001
Smoker	63.5 (60.0–66.9)	36.5 (33.1–40.0)		1.38 (1.24–1.53)	<0.0001
*BRF count*
None	83.1 (77.8–87.3)	16.9 (12.7–22.2)	<0.0001	Ref.	Ref.
One	75.5 (73.2–77.7)	24.5 (22.3–26.8)		1.45 (1.08–1.93)	0,012
Two or more	70.5 (69.4–71.5)	29.5 (28.5–30.6)		1.74 (1.32–2.30)	<0.0001
*Arterial hypertension*
No	75.1 (74.0–76.1)	24.9 (23.9–26.0)	<0.0001	Ref.	Ref.
Yes	49.1 (46.5–51.8)	50.9 (48.2–53.5)	<0.0001	2.03 (1.90–2.18)	<0.0001
*Asthma*
No	72.2 (71.2–73.2)	27.8 (26.8–28.8)	<0.0001	Ref.	Ref.
Yes	61.5 (56.9–65.8)	38.5 (34.2–43.0)	<0.0001	1.39 (1.23–1.57)	<0.0001
*Diabetes mellitus*
No	72.7 (71.6–73.7)	27.3 (26.3–28.4)	<0.0001	Ref.	Ref.
Yes	39.5 (33.7–45.7)	60.5 (54.3–66.3)	<0.0001	2.21 (1.98–2.46)	<0.0001
*NCD count*
None	76.4 (75.2–77.5)	23.6 (22.5–24.8)	<0.0001	Ref.	Ref.
One	56.4 (54.0–58.7)	43.6 (41.2–46.0)		1.85 (1.72–1.99)	<0.0001
Two or more	35.3 (28.9–42.4)	64.7 (57.6–71.2)		2.74 (2.43–3.08)	<0.0001

Sociodemographic characteristics, BRF and NCD	aRP (95% CI)	p-value
*Age (years)*
18–29	Ref.	Ref.
30–39	1.14 (1.03–1.25)	0.008
40–49	1.34 (1.22–1.48)	<0.0001
Education (years)
0–9	2.04 (1.82–2.28)	<0.0001
10–12	1.66 (1.50–1.85)	<0.0001
≥13	Ref.	Ref.
*Skin color/race*
White	Ref.	Ref.
Black/Brown	1.14 (1.05–1.24)	0.002
Yellow/Indigenous	1.28 (0.96–1.69)	0.09
*Region of residence*
Southeast	Ref.	Ref.
South	0.85 (0.76–0.96)	0.007
Midwest	1.07 (0.96–1.19)	0.219
North East	1.40 (1.29–1.53)	<0.0001
North	1.31 (1.19–1.45)	<0.0001
*Behavioral risk factors*
Physical inactivity	1.28 (1.18–1.39)	<0.0001
Alcohol consumption	0.89 (0.82–0.97)	0.006
Ex-smoker	1.16 (1.06–1.26)	<0.0001
Smoker	1.23 (1.09–1.38)	<0.0001
*NCD count*
None	Ref.	Ref.
One	1.65 (1.53–1.77)	<0.0001
Two or more	2.18 (1.94–2.45)	<0.0001

Universidade de São Paulo, Escola de Enfermagem Av. Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar, 419 , 05403-000 São Paulo - SP/ Brasil, Tel./Fax: (55 11) 3061-7553, - São Paulo - SP - Brazil
E-mail: reeusp@usp.br

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[1] Corresponding author: Mariana Santos Felisbino-Mendes, Av. Alfredo Balena, 190, Santa Efigênia, 30130-100 – Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil, marianafelisbino@yahoo.com.br